Local Museum of Arts

Best Attractions and Places to See in Ivanovo, Russia

In this video our travel specialists have listed some of the best things to do in Ivanovo . We have tried to do some extensive research before giving the listing of Things To Do in Ivanovo.

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List of Best Things to do in Ivanovo, Russia


Ivanovsky Printed Cotton Museum
Ivanovo State Museum of History and Local Lore of D.G. Burylin
Sviato-Vvedensky monastery
V. Stepanov Park of Culture and Leisure
Transfiguration Cathedral
Temple of St. Seraphim of Sarov
Local Museum of Arts
Volzhansky State Circus in Ivanovo
Museum of Soviet Car Industry
Art Park

#Ivanovo
#Ivanovoattractions
#Ivanovotravel
#Ivanovonightlife
#Ivanovoshopping

Freezelight exhibition in Ivanovo | RT

This is a part of reportage called Moscow Out - A Trip to Ivanovo. It was on air on June 2011. This video is about our serie Solaris and freezelight exhibition in Ivanovo State Museum of Art.

Yuri Pantsyrev artist

Yuri Pantsyrev artist

Msic, Vladimir Sterzer

Born on 31 August 1950 in the city of kameshkovo, Vladimir region. Worked in the art studios. After leaving school in 1967, he entered Ivanovo art College. Graduated from it in 1973 and entered the Moscow state art Institute named after Surikov in Moscow,Department of painting. He studied in the workshop of Professor T. T. Salahov
On vacation annually traveled to Siberia or in the Vologda and Arkhangelsk village. In 1976, participated in the preparation of the exhibition Plastov and friends with his family. On the recommendation N. Plastova after graduation he was invited to Ulyanovsk. Long-term close relationship with family Formation had a great influence on the attitudes and work of Y. Pantsyrev. Many of the paintings were written in the Ivanovsk on the basis of impressions of the surrounding life unhurried and discreet local landscapes. Flowers from the garden Reservoir and the middle of the forest became the occasion for writing the first bouquets.
The participant of more than 70 major (international, all-Union, Republican, zonal,personal) exhibitions. For participation in them was repeatedly awarded with diplomas and honorary diplomas of the Union of Artists of Russia and the Ministry of culture.
In 1996 he was awarded the diploma of the Academy of arts. In 1986 the results of the all-Union exhibition awarded the medal For labour valour. Paintings are in museums in Ulyanovsk, in the Pushkin Museum of Tatarstan, In Obninsk city Museum, the art Museum in Pleven (Bulgaria), in private collections of Russia, USA, France, Germany,England, Italy, South Korea, Singapore, Poland, and Bulgaria.
Member of the Union of artists of Russia since 1980.
The Chairman of the Ulyanovsk branch of the Union of artists of Russia from 1986 to 1989.
Secretary of the Union of artists of Russia from 1986 to 1993.
Member of the Board of the Union of artists of the USSR from 1986 to 1992.
Member of the auditing Commission of the Union of artists of Russia from 1992 to 2000.


I do not own any of the pictures that are used in this video. The images used remain the property of the respectful copyright owners. If any of the owners have a problem with me uploading your music please send me a message and I will remove the video

Have a look at UNIQUE Russian Palekh icon-painting

Credit to RBTH
Read more at
Palekh icon-painting: At the crossroads of Eastern and Western traditions
Today, Palekh, a small village in the Ivanovo region, is known primarily for its local handicraft: Palekh lacquer miniature. Few know that the origins of this fabulous painting style lie in the art of icon painting.
By Pavel Inzhelevsky, Ilaria Kantorova, Igor Davydov
The Old Russian village of Palekh is located 350 km north-east of Moscow on the Golden Ring. Drawing from a mix of Fryazh and Stroganov icon-painting styles, the Palekh masters created their own unique manner. Palekh icon-painting flourished in the beginning of the 19th century. Icons from the region were sold throughout Russia and abroad. Palekh painters were in demand at the very highest level. They were commissioned to paint the walls of the Kremlin's Granovitaya Chamber, and restore the frescoes of the cathedrals of the Moscow Kremlin, the Novodevichy Convent, the Cathedral of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, as well as cathedrals and churches in Pskov and many other Russian cities.

The showpiece Palekh icon is Akathist Hymn to the Saviour of the mid-eighteenth century. An akathist is a eulogy sung in church. Hymns, liturgical texts, and poetic texts praising the glory of Christ and the Holy Mother are found in many Palekh works. This musical basis is reflected in the composition structure, in the color rhythm of the icons. In akathists from the middle of the 18th century, the 1870s to be precise, we see the defining feature of Palekh painting: the combination of Fryazh painting (dimensionality) and late-Stroganov (plasticity of figures). And here we see highly complex composite constructions. Palekh icon painters preferred complex, multi-figured compositions.

When the Bolsheviks seized power, icon painting came to an abrupt halt. But quite unexpectedly, the Palekh masters found a new niche in the production of lacquer miniatures.

SARATOV Top 50 Tourist Places | Saratov Tourism | RUSSIA

Saratov (Things to do - Places to Visit) - SARATOV Top Tourist Places
City in Russia
Saratov is a city in southwestern Russia. It's home to the hilltop Park Pobedy, or Victory Park, an open-air museum with WWII tanks and planes. The 1885 Radishchev Art Museum includes works from the Russian avant-garde period.

At the Einstein Museum of Entertaining Science, tours and performances focus on the laws of physics. The Saratov Regional Museum of Local History features early books and religious artifacts.

SARATOV Top 50 Tourist Places | Saratov Tourism

Things to do in SARATOV - Places to Visit in Saratov

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SARATOV Top 50 Tourist Places - Saratov, Russia

Palekh miniature Палехская миниатюра

Palekh miniature Палех.Лаковая миниатюра
Подпишись:
Palekh miniature (Russian: Палехская миниатюра) is a Russian folk handicraft of a miniature painting, which is done with tempera paints on varnished articles made of papier-mâché (small boxes, cigarette and powder cases etc.).

Palekh Russian lacquer art on papier-mâché first appeared in 1923 in the village of Palekh, located in the Palekhsky District (Ivanovo Oblast), and is based on a long local history of icon painting. This handicraft and style of miniature painting bore different names throughout its development, such as the Palekh Artel of Ancient Painting (since 1924), Palekh Artists’ Association (since 1932), and Artistic Production Workshops of the Artistic Fund of the USSR (since 1953).

The technology of making a semi-finished product was borrowed from the lacquer handicraft masters of Fedoskino (see Fedoskino miniature). The Palekh miniatures usually represent characters from real life, literary works, fairy tales, bylinas, and songs. They are painted with local bright paints over the black background and are known for their delicate and smooth design, abundance of golden shading, and accurate silhouettes of flattened figures, which often cover the surface of the lids and sides of the articles completely. Poetic magic of the Palekh characters, decorativeness of landscapes and architecture, and elongated proportions of the figures go back to the icon-painting traditions. The miniatures are usually set off with a complicated pattern made with gold dissolved in aqua regia. Palekh is the most renowned of four such famous villages, the others being Kholuy, Mstyora, and Fedoskino, each producing similar, but clearly distinct artistic style.

The art of miniature painting is still alive today. Nowadays there are workshops of the Artistic Fund of Russia, as well as small private studios and independent artists in Palekh. Palekh miniature artists are trained at the Palekh Art College founded in 1935.

Works by Palekh masters are kept in numerous museums of Russia and abroad. The State Palekh Art Museum in Palekh boasts the biggest miniature painting collection, comprising over two thousand works.
П́алехская миниат́юра — народный промысел, развившийся в посёлке Палех Вязниковского уезда Владимирской губернии (ныне Палехский район Ивановской области). Лаковая миниатюра исполняется темперой на папье-маше. Обычно расписываются шкатулки, ларцы, кубышки, брошки, панно, пепельницы, заколки для галстука, игольницы и прочее.

Slava Zaitsev - Russia's fashion survivor

(12 Oct 2016) SLAVA ZAITSEV - RUSSIA'S FASHION SURVIVOR
At 78, fashion designer Slava Zaitsev may look frail but he still makes two new collections every year, one of which premieres Thursday (13 OCT. 2016) at Russian Fashion Week.
The son of a laundress, Zaitsev grew up in a communal apartment in the Soviet Union, where fashion was officially outlawed.
Zaitsev was barred from most schools as the son of an enemy of the people - his father was a Soviet prisoner of war in Germany who was sent to a Gulag camp once he got back home.
The designer was accepted to a local chemical technical school - where he got straight A's - before being sent to Moscow to study at the Textile Institute.
In the 1960s, Zaitsev was producing bold designs and colors in a country uniformly dressed in drab clothing, attracting the admiration of rare foreign visitors. A French magazine profiled the young designer, calling him a Russian Dior.
That enraged Zaitsev's boss at Moscow's one and only hub of fashion design. Reflecting the Soviet Union's disdain for individual personalities, his boss wrote we have 60 Diors! in a local paper, according to Zaitsev.
Zaitsev was one of the first Soviet designers to show his collection on catwalks in the West as the Iron Curtain fell in the 1980s. But he was disappointed in what he saw as the money-driven nature of the American fashion industry.
On his first visit abroad, Zaitsev presented his collection at New York's Waldorf Astoria in 1987.
The friendly staff assigned to him to help with the show all disappeared by the time it was over, he recalls.
They got their money and left. This was a complete disappointment for me that money was more important in the West - I still can't get used to the idea, he says.
Despite his age, Zaitsev is dreaming of venturing into the mass market. His House of Fashion - which makes made-to-measure clothes - is looking for investors to launch A collection, something not too cheap but really good quality, he says. Zaitsev has even already found production facilities in his hometown of Ivanovo, about 250 kilometers (155 miles) north-east of Moscow.


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Антоха. Путешествие из Магадана в Европу / Journey from Magadan to Europe (English subs)

Забронировать новую Hyundai SONATA можно тут:

Всем привет!

Мы в Португалии, на мысе Рока, самой западной точке континентальной Европы.

Уже неделю мы находимся в пути и снимаем новый сложносочиненный выпуск.

Один из самых грустных фактов про Россию звучит так: больше 50 процентов населения нашей страны никогда не были за границей.

Понятно, что основная причина – в том, что люди за пределами Москвы и еще пары городов живут очень скромно.

Но параллельно с этим уже много лет нам рассказывают, как же за пределами России плохо. Эмигранты, гей-парады, бездуховность – ну вы сами все знаете.

Наша позиция: путешествия – это неотъемлемая часть процветания и прогресса. Если ты видишь, как устроен чужой мир, тебе гораздо проще обустраивать мир собственный. Ну а если где-то действительно плохо, лучше узнавать об этом самому, а не по пламенным речам людей из телевизора.

Поэтому мы придумали следующее:
1. Выбрали очень классный и – важное – НЕпопсовый маршрут по Европе.
2. Взяли с собой человека, который не так искушен путешествиями, как мы.

Те, кто смотрел наш выпуск про Колыму, наверняка помнят Антоху – нашего водителя, очень яркого парня, который появился всего на пару минут, но покорил абсолютно всех. Антохе 33 года и он никогда не был за пределами стран бывшего Советского Союза.

Мы проехали почти 1500 километров от Страны Басков до Лиссабона – таким образом, чтобы Антоха, житель самого востока Евразии, оказался в самой западной ее точке.

У выпуска, который вы увидите, две задачи:

1. Интересно провести время

2. Показать, что мир – большой и классный. И гораздо лучше быть частью это мира, а не настороженно смотреть на него из-за забора.

Вперед!

канал Саши Вишневского

футболки «Мои кореша» от Дудя

Музей Первого совета | Музей Ивановского СИТЦА | ГОРОД НЕВЕСТ | Иваново за 1 день

Прогулка по Владимиру -
Йошкар-Ола за 2 дня -

Музей Первого совета | Музей Ивановского СИТЦА | ГОРОД НЕВЕСТ | Иваново за 1 день

Всем привет! В этом видео мне повезло оказаться на 1 день в городе невест - Иваново. Не скажу, что город впечатлил. Я ожидала, что он более романтичный.

Старалась придерживаться маршрута, который нашла в интернете -
Успела не всё!

За 1 день посетила:

* Арт-сквер и Щудровская палатка. Здесь-же памятник Таксе
* Площадь Революции
* Здание KFC на пл. Революции (имеет историческую ценность)
* Музей Первого совета - ОЧЕНЬ ПОНРАВИЛСЯ МУЗЕЙ!!! Вход 60 руб
* Мост через реку Уводь
* Колесо Обозрения (на набережной, рядом с Цирком), вход 250 руб
* Музей Ивановского ситца - 17 залов, без экскурсии ничего не понятно. Вход 120 руб
* Дом-подкова
* Введенский монастырь

- Сколько потратила за 1 день в Иваново - в конце видео

Подписывайтесь на меня, следите за новыми видео, ставьте пальцы вверх

Ideas for Museums: a Biography of Museum Computing, Dr. Larisa N. Vasilieva

*English subtitles are provided*

Dr. Larisa N. Vasilieva is the founder of the IT department at the State Chuvash Art museum. She talks about her experiences with the first computers in the museum and future prospects in the field.

Ideas for Museums: a Biography of Museum Computing is a research project about the history of museum computerization. The idea is to collect interviews with museum professionals who were/are working on implementing digital technologies in everyday museum practice.

Лучшие и худшие города России

Мой личный рейтинг российских городов, которые удалось изучить за последние несколько лет.

Рейтинг очень субъективный и составлен на моих внутренних ощущениях. Фактически я задавал себе вопрос: а хотел бы я жить в этом городе? В Севастополе, Пскове, Геленджике или Калининграде хотел бы, а вот в Махачкале или Омске — нет. Я учитывал состояние общественного транспорта, отношение жителей к своему городу, чистоту, архитектуру и многое другое.

Топ-4 города из рейтинга:

Как изменился Екатеринбург к Чемпионату мира


Казань: лучшее благоустройство России


Севастополь: курорт, разрушенный варварами


Воронеж: хотели бы здесь жить?


Для тех, кто хочет помочь с субтитрами или переводом этого ролика:
___
Сайт:
Твиттер:
Телеграм-канал:
Инстаграм:
ВК:
Фейсбук:

Предложения по поводу коллабораций, развития канала и сотрудничеству (кроме рекламы): mayavolf@varlamov.ru

Реклама: reklama@varlamov.me

Трек-лист:

Liam.M - Feel Like
Joakim Karud - Rainy Days
Sensi - Lean
Pryces - Well do ya
Joakim Karud - Love mode
DJ Quads - Vacation
DJ Quads - All the color
Otis McDonald - Behind these closed doors

David Wilcock: Financial Tyranny on Russian TV, Pt. 1: Jan. 16, 2013

Did the Federal Reserve bankers secretly finance both sides of World War I and II -- to rob central banks, and steal their gold, on a worldwide basis?

Did some of the leaders of these nations secretly know this was being done -- and were told it was for the good of humanity, as gold ownership would devastate world peace?

Was all this gold secretly put on deposit with the Federal Reserve -- and exchanged for worthless bonds, with face values of up to a billion dollars each?

Did this global heist allow the Federal Reserve to eliminate all competition to their magic printing press -- so they could print 26 trillion dollars' worth of bailouts, as a Fed audit revealed?

Is there a growing international alliance of countries who want to defeat the Federal Reserve -- and restore unprecedented peace and prosperity to our planet?

Russian television network REN-TV was the very first to transform David Wilcock's epic Financial Tyranny investigation into a full-length documentary program.

This is the first of two episodes of We Never Dreamed, a popular show on REN-TV that airs on prime time. This episode was called Million Dollar Give Away - We Want our Billion Back, and aired on January 16, 2013.

Stunningly, this same day, Germany demanded the Federal Reserve return 300 metric tons of gold on deposit -- and also demanded France return their entire holdings of 376 metric tons.

Russia bravely stepped forward to reveal the secrets of the Illuminati, Lucifer, the Bilderberg meetings, the New World Order, and the greatest criminal act in human history.

See it now for the first time -- complete with English subtitles -- and enjoy!

[DISCLAIMER: David Wilcock does not agree with nor approve of all the content in this documentary. We have made this available as a public service to reveal how REN-TV handled this controversial and upsetting subject.]

Keep in touch with David Wilcock:
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USSR anti-religious campaign (1928–1941) | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
USSR anti-religious campaign (1928–1941)

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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
The USSR anti-religious campaign of 1928–1941 was a new phase of anti-religious persecution in the Soviet Union following the anti-religious campaign of 1921–1928. The campaign began in 1929, with the drafting of new legislation that severely prohibited religious activities and called for a heightened attack on religion in order to further disseminate atheism. This had been preceded in 1928 at the fifteenth party congress, where Joseph Stalin criticized the party for failure to produce more active and persuasive anti-religious propaganda. This new phase coincided with the beginning of the forced mass collectivization of agriculture and the nationalization of the few remaining private enterprises.
Many of those who had been arrested in the 1920s would continue to remain in prison throughout the 1930s and beyond.
The main target of the anti-religious campaign in the 1920s and 1930s was the Russian Orthodox Church, which had the largest number of faithful. Nearly all of its clergy, and many of its believers, were shot or sent to labour camps. Theological schools were closed, and church publications were prohibited. More than 85,000 Orthodox priests were shot in 1937 alone. Only a twelfth of the Russian Orthodox Church's priests were left functioning in their parishes by 1941.In the period between 1927 and 1940, the number of Orthodox Churches in the Russian Republic fell from 29,584 to less than 500.The campaign slowed down in the late 1930s and early 1940s, and came to an abrupt end after the commencement of Operation Barbarossa. The challenge produced by the German invasion would ultimately prevent the public withering away of religion in Soviet society.This campaign, like the campaigns of other periods that formed the basis of the USSR's efforts to eliminate religion and replace it with atheism supported with a materialist world view, was accompanied with official claims that there was no religious persecution in the USSR, and that believers who were being targeted were for other reasons. Believers were in fact being widely targeted and persecuted for their belief or promotion of religion, as part of the state's campaign to disseminate atheism, but officially the state claimed that no such persecution existed and that the people being targeted - when they admitted that people were being targeted - were only being attacked for resistance to the state or breaking the law. This guise served Soviet propaganda abroad, where it tried to promote a better image of itself especially in light of the great criticism against it from foreign religious influences.

Глаз Божий. Фильм первый. С предисловием Леонида Парфенова.

Фильм Леонида Парфенова и студии Намедни про то, как в Москве начала ХХ века Цветаев собрал всю классику в слепках, а Щукин и Морозов - весь авангард в оригиналах.

В настройках есть возможность включить английские и французские субтитры.

Сайт Государственного музея изобразительных искусств им. А.С. Пушкина - pushkinmuseum.art

Сейчас Иваново не воспринимается как текстильный город — Михаил Тимофеев

Серия документальных фильмов о современной жизни регионов -Карта России ????????
???? Блок Вокруг Москвы / Иваново
Индустриальный туризм
#Замосковье #КартаРоссии #Россия #Иваново
Телеграм канал Открытого Университета
???? Содержание:
- Следы промышленной репутации 00:18
- Михаил Тимофеев - историк культуры, профессор ИвГУ 00:19
- Клеймо текстильной столицы 00:20
- История Ивановской промышленной области 01:11
- История расформирования промышленной области 02:12
- Иваново в девяностые 02:33
- Губернатор Михаил Мень 03:13
- Андрей Тарковский как символический ресурс Иваново 03:20
- МКФ Зеркало 03:40
- Между текстильностью и советскостью 04:23
- Текстильная репутация 05:16
- Дом-музей первого Совета. Иваново 06:20
- Архитектурное наследие Иваново 06:47
- Большая Ивановская мануфактура 07:16
- Индустриальный туризм 07:32
- Музеи текстильной промышленности 07:54
- Музей ивановского ситца 08:30
- Советская архитектура Иваново 09:10
- Дом-пуля 09:21
- Дом-птица 09:24
- Дом-подкова Иваново 09:29
- Дом-корабль Иваново 09:31
- Дом коллектива. Иваново 09:36
- Без отрыва от производства 10:25
- Путеводитель по Иваново 10:31
- Проект Манчестер 11:16
- Фабриканты Коноваловы 12:46


????️ Дополнительные материалы:
- Портрет региона: культура событий в Иванове

- Алексей Машкевич: «Цензор у нас в голове»

- Фотогалерея
Иваново: как менялся город от Николая Второго до Брежнева

- Книга
«Мы последнее поколение, кто имеет возможность увидеть эту истинную жемчужину»: Владимирщина 1950-х

- Репортаж
Мышкин: вопреки и благодаря государству

- Репортаж
Как живет Плёс после расследования Навального


???? Команда ОУ отправилась в экспедицию по стране, чтобы узнать о деятельности россиян за пределами столиц – от городов-«миллионников» до поселков и окраин.
Центральная тема «Карты России» – гражданское общество. В фокусе – личные инициативы, способные преображать среду: центр реабилитации для наркозависимых во Пскове, уроки компьютерной грамотности на карельском в деревне под Петрозаводском, программа по спасению портовых складов XIX века от сноса, организованная в Нижнем Новгороде.

Курс разделен на восемь блоков, представляющих восемь крупных российских регионов. Зонирование зачастую не соответствуют административному делению РФ – регионы в «Карте России» сформированы по принципу культурно-исторической общности городов и областей.

???? Свободное онлайн образование

Телеграм канал ОУ
Открытый Университет в соц сетях:

Vladimir

Vladimir is a city and the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Klyazma River, 200 kilometers to the east of Moscow. It is served by a railway and the M7 motorway. Population: 345,373 (2010 Census); 315,954 (2002 Census); 349,702 (1989 Census).


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Niagara Falls, Ontario

Niagara Falls (/naɪˈæɡrə/ ny-AG-ra) is a Canadian city on the western bank of the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, with a population of 82,997 at the 2011 census. The municipality was incorporated on June 12, 1903. Across the Niagara River is Niagara Falls, New York.
The city is dominated by the Niagara Falls, a world-famous set of three large waterfalls on the Niagara River. Both the American and Horseshoe falls can be best seen from the Canadian side of the river, so the city has one of the major tourist attractions of the world. The natural spectacle attracts millions of tourists yearly.


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Modern architecture | Wikipedia audio article

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00:00:39 1 Origins
00:03:55 2 Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914)
00:10:14 3 Early American modernism (1890s–1914)
00:11:48 3.1 Early skyscrapers
00:13:29 4 Rise of Modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931)
00:14:35 4.1 International Style (1918–1950s)
00:17:00 4.2 Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1932)
00:20:25 4.3 Expressionist architecture (1918–1931)
00:25:22 4.4 Constructivist architecture (1919–1931)
00:29:23 4.5 Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928)
00:32:46 5 Art Deco
00:34:58 5.1 American Art Deco; the skyscraper style (1919–1939)
00:36:47 5.2 Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939)
00:38:40 6 American modernism - Frank Lloyd Wright, Rudolph Schindler, Richard Neutra (1919–1939)
00:41:11 7 Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators
00:44:21 8 New York World's Fair (1939)
00:45:20 9 World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945)
00:48:16 10 Le Corbusier and the iCité Radieuse/i (1947–1952)
00:50:02 11 Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985)
00:50:59 11.1 Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum
00:53:13 11.2 Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer
00:54:35 11.3 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
00:56:25 11.4 Richard Neutra and Charles & Ray Eames
00:58:19 11.5 Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison
01:00:49 11.6 Philip Johnson
01:02:12 11.7 Eero Saarinen
01:04:57 11.8 Louis Kahn
01:06:55 11.9 I. M. Pei
01:10:17 12 Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975)
01:13:56 13 Latin America
01:17:41 14 Asia and the Pacific
01:20:51 15 Preservation
01:22:03 16 See also



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- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Modern architecture, or modernist architecture was based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel and reinforced concrete; the idea that form should follow function (→functionalism); an embrace of minimalism; and a rejection of ornament.
It emerged in the first half of the 20th century and became dominant after World War II until the 1980s, when it was gradually replaced as the
principal style for institutional and corporate buildings by postmodern architecture.

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Bulgaria | Wikipedia audio article

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Bulgaria

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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Bulgaria ( (listen); Bulgarian: България, tr. Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Република България, tr. Republika Bǎlgariya, IPA: [rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ]), is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. The capital and largest city is Sofia; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.
One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6,500 BC. In Antiquity (6th–3rd century BC), the region became a battleground for Thracians, Persians, Celts and Ancient Macedonians until it was conquered by the Roman Empire in 45 AD. The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire lost some of these territories to an invading Bulgar horde in the late 7th century. The Bulgars then founded the first unified Bulgarian state in 681 AD which dominated most of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script. The First Bulgarian Empire lasted until the early 11th century when Byzantine emperor Basil II conquered and dismantled it. A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II (1218–1241). After numerous exhausting wars and feudal strife, the Second Bulgarian Empire disintegrated in 1396 and its territories fell under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries.
The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 resulted in the formation of the current Third Bulgarian State. Many ethnic Bulgarian populations were left outside its borders, which led to several conflicts with its neighbours and an alliance with Germany in both world wars. In 1946 Bulgaria became a one-party socialist state and part of the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc. The ruling Communist Party gave up its monopoly on power after the Revolutions of 1989 and allowed multi-party elections. Bulgaria then transitioned into a democracy and a market-based economy.
Since adopting a democratic constitution in 1991, the sovereign state has been a unitary parliamentary republic with a high degree of political, administrative, and economic centralisation. The urbanized population of seven million lives mainly in Sofia and the 27 provincial capital cities, but faces significant demographic decline. Bulgaria is a member of the European Union, NATO, and the Council of Europe; it is a founding state of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and has taken a seat at the UN Security Council three times. Its market economy is part of the European Single Market and mostly relies on services, followed by industry—especially machine building and mining—and agriculture. Widespread corruption is a major socio-economic issue.