JB's Journal - New London soda fountain
Soda fountains became popular in the 1940’s and could be found in pharmacies, dime stores and department stores. In New London, Texas, a soda fountain was built in 1938; one year after an explosion destroyed the school and killed almost 300 students, teachers and parents. J.B. Smith shows us why the New London soda fountain still survives.
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The New London museum tea room is open Monday-Saturday and serves from 11 a.m. -2 p.m.
Promotional Teaser, New London School Explosion
Watch the Promotional teaser here
Promotional Teaser, New London School Explosion
This is not an official trailer. However, it was made in hopes of getting the right people to pick up the script and make this film.
As of 3/2/2018 Ron Holloman has secured meetings to move this project to the next level. Help us get the word out.
Written by Ron Holloman
Directed by Paul Foster
Director of Photography Tye Jackson
In the mid-1930s, the Great Depression was in full swing, but the London school district was one of the richest in America. A 1930 oil find in Rusk County had boosted the local economy and educational spending grew with it. The London School, a large structure of steel and concrete, was constructed in 1932 at a cost of $1 million (roughly $17.9 million today[2]). The London Wildcats (a play on the term wildcatter, for an oil prospector) played football in the first stadium in the state to have electric lights.
London School before the explosion
The school was built on sloping ground and a large air space was enclosed beneath the structure. The school board had overridden the original architect's plans for a boiler and steam distribution system, instead opting to install 72 gas heaters throughout the building.
Early in 1937, the school board canceled their natural gas contract and had plumbers install a tap into Parade Gasoline Company's residue gas line to save money. This practice—while not explicitly authorized by local oil companies—was widespread in the area. The natural gas extracted with the oil was considered a waste product and was flared off. As there was no value to the natural gas, the oil companies turned a blind eye. This raw or wet gas varied in quality from day to day, even from hour to hour.
Untreated natural gas is both odorless and colorless, so leaks are difficult to detect and may go unnoticed. Gas had been leaking from the residue line tap and built up inside the enclosed crawlspace that ran the entire 253-foot (77 m) length of the building's facade. Students had been complaining of headaches for some time, but little attention had been paid to the issue.[5]
March 18 was a Thursday. Friday's classes were canceled to allow students to participate in the neighboring city of Henderson's Interscholastic Meet, a scholastic and athletic competition. Following the school's normal schedule, first through fourth grade students had been let out early. A PTA meeting was being held in the gymnasium, a separate structure roughly 100 feet (30 m) from the main building.
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Second hand productions is an independent film production company that prides itself on visual effects and telling the story. To often people think you have to spend years in school or work for a major studio or visual effects studio to create incredible set extensions. Not the case at all. Follow along as I show you how I created this scenic background for a simple shot and give the audience a rich experience.
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The Vinson Family Reunions New London AND Madisonville Tx
The Vinson Family Reunions New London 1942 or 43 AND Madisonville Tx Early 1950's
Big State Fountain Grill Grand Reopening
Big State in Downtown Irving, TX was converted from a Pharmacy to a Soda Fountain Shop and restaurant. Here are the highlights from the Grand Reopening I've attended.
Old-Fashioned Soda Shop Sells Giant Candy
Big Top Candy Shop has been an Austin staple for 10 years. The old-fashioned soda shops sells over 3,000 kinds of wrapped candies, most of which are giant! You can also find flavored sodas, milkshakes, and colorful ice cream.
See more from Big Top Candy Shop:
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Produced by: Conner Blake, Sydney Kramer, Aly Weisman
Silsbee, Texas @ Michael's 50's Diner - Ice Cream - Thompson Lake RV Park - Silsbee, texas
Michael's 50's Dinner at the Thompson Lake RV Park got a visit from Out and About in Silsbee, Texas. They have a full soda fountain to choose from. The ice choices are from 17 different flavors of ice cream and finish with 14 topping choices!! Need something else? Try one of the 100% Angus beef hamburgers, homemade french fries, and chicken fried steak. Soon to be daily meal specials, with a possible hint at fried catfish or meatloaf. Make it by for lunch and enjoy a blast from the past! Silsbee, Texas offers variety, come experience something delicious!
With Contact Casey Copley Realtor:
mobile: 409-782-6755
Candy Store Has 160 Drawers Of Bulk Candy
Tuesday's Sweet Shoppe in Los Angeles filled drawers with over 160 types of candy. They carry all types of gummies, chocolate, unique flavors of cotton candy, and a table full of taffy.
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#CandyShop #LAEats
INSIDER is great journalism about what passionate people actually want to know. That’s everything from news to food, celebrity to science, politics to sports and all the rest. It’s smart. It’s fearless. It’s fun. We push the boundaries of digital storytelling. Our mission is to inform and inspire.
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Candy Store Has 160 Drawers Of Bulk Candy
Vintage Vending
Vintage drink machines are brought back to life as artifacts from a bygone era. Produced by UNC-TV and Our State Magazine, with generous support from BB&T. Segment originally aired on 6/3/2010.
tune yards - water fountain outtro
tune yards - water fountain outtro
Mann Center - September 20 2018
Opening Act for David Byrne
Song is way better live. IF you turn it up, you will hear one of the great bands of all time...but only if you listen really loudly...
Water Fountain (Outtro)
End of Live Version of Water Fountain by the tune yards.
From the album: Nikki Nack
The Coca-Cola Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:27 1 History
00:03:21 1.1 Acquisitions
00:05:49 2 Revenue and sales
00:07:34 3 Stock
00:08:42 4 Staff and management
00:09:05 5 Bottlers
00:13:56 6 Consumer relations and civic involvement
00:16:03 7 Criticism
00:16:39 8 Advertising
00:19:45 9 Products and brands
00:20:06 9.1 Non-food assets
00:20:16 9.1.1 Columbia Pictures
00:21:03 9.1.2 World of Coca-Cola
00:21:33 9.2 Brands
00:21:41 9.2.1 Other soft drinks
00:24:14 9.2.2 BreakMate
00:25:04 9.2.3 Healthy beverages
00:27:47 9.2.4 Best selling
00:29:30 9.2.5 Information
00:30:32 9.2.6 Green tea
00:30:54 9.2.7 Glaceau
00:31:20 9.2.8 Huiyuan Juice
00:32:05 9.2.9 Coke Mini can
00:32:36 9.2.10 Holiday can
00:33:15 9.2.11 Stake in Monster Beverage
00:34:09 10 Sponsorship
00:34:27 10.1 Sports
00:36:07 10.2 Television
00:36:46 10.3 Theme parks
00:37:44 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7313835204192227
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Coca-Cola Company is an American corporation, and manufacturer, retailer, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. The Coca-Cola formula and brand were bought in 1894 by Asa Griggs Candler (December 30, 1851 – March 12, 1929), who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company. The company—headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, but incorporated in Wilmington, Delaware—has operated a franchised distribution system since 1889: the Company only produces syrup concentrate, which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold exclusive territories. The company owns its anchor bottler in North America, Coca-Cola Refreshments.
The company's stock is listed on the NYSE and is part of DJIA, the S&P 500 index, the Russell 1000 Index, and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. Muhtar Kent serves as chairman of the company with James Quincey as president and chief executive officer.
Visit USA - 10 Things That Will SHOCK You About America
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Visiting the United States of America Can Be an Awe Inspiring Fun Time, from the friendly people to the amazing sights, but it can also be shockingly crazy as well when you see the amount of food you get at restaurants and free refills until you have soda coming out of your eyes! Whether visiting the Statue of Liberty in New York City or wandering the Grand Canyon and gambling in Las Vegas to having family fun traveling and visiting Disney World in Florida, there are many things that will SHOCK a tourists when they visit the US. This is our list of 10 things that shock tourists when they visit America.
Filmed in Springfield, IL, Las Vegas, NV, Tampa, FL, Boston, MA & on the Banks of the Muddy Mississippi River.
Copyright Mark Wolters 2016
USA Today & 10Best's #1 Independent Travel Videographer 2014
FlipKey by TripAdvisor Top 10 Travel Bloggers 2014
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Duafire Travel Adapter: helps you plug into most countries plugs around the world.
Travel Strip: One plug for your normal device, four USB plugs as well, it saves a lot of trouble and outlets when you travel.
Backup Battery Pack: Essential for travelers wanting to have a backup batter charge for their phones, cameras, and devices.
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Toby Kamps | May 2011
Curator Toby Kamps gave an illustrated talk, All Together Now, at the Ulrich Museum of Art on May 19, 2011.
Kamps earns critical praise for his engaging exhibitions and insightful scholarship. In addition to analyzing such canonical contemporary artists as Bruce Nauman and Ellsworth Kelly, Kamps pursues compelling thematic projects, most recently examining the role of folklore in contemporary art. In his Ulrich talk, he will discuss the historic importance of artists' collaboratives and the breadth of cooperative production in today's art world. His presentation set Wichita's Fisch Haus artist collaborative in context, as their anniversary exhibition appeared at the Ulrich from April 16-August 7, 2011. Kamps' distinguished career has included posts at the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego; and Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston. He is now curator of modern and contemporary art for The Menil Collection in Houston.
This event was the final presentation in Buzz-Worthy Art Talks, a new lecture series featuring prominent voices in today's visual culture. Buzz-Worthy Art Talks, have been generously supported by Don and Lora Barry.
DISEÑO | Communication Design
This is the third event in our DISEÑO series, which focuses on design and Latino Identity. Join us for a discussion of communication design, featuring four leaders in the field reflecting on their visual communication practices!
Panelists include Armin Vit (UnderConsideration LLC), Gabriela Mirensky (Faculty, SVA, New York and UDEM, Monterrey, Mexico), Rafael Esquer (Alfalfa Studio), and moderator Rebeca Méndez (Professor, UCLA Design Media Arts).
DISEÑO is a partnership between Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum and El Museo del Barrio. This program received federal support from the Latino Initiatives Pool, administered by the Smithsonian Latino Center.
Coca-Cola Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:08 1 History
00:02:38 1.1 Acquisitions
00:04:35 2 Revenue and sales
00:06:00 3 Stock
00:06:55 4 Staff and management
00:07:15 5 Bottlers
00:11:06 6 Consumer relations and civic involvement
00:12:46 7 Criticism
00:13:16 8 Advertising
00:15:43 9 Products and brands
00:16:02 9.1 Non-food assets
00:16:11 9.1.1 Columbia Pictures
00:16:49 9.1.2 World of Coca-Cola
00:17:14 9.2 Brands
00:17:23 9.2.1 Other soft drinks
00:19:23 9.2.2 BreakMate
00:20:04 9.2.3 Healthy beverages
00:22:12 9.2.4 Best selling
00:23:33 9.2.5 Information
00:24:23 9.2.6 Green tea
00:24:43 9.2.7 Glaceau
00:25:05 9.2.8 Huiyuan Juice
00:25:42 9.2.9 Coke Mini can
00:26:08 9.2.10 Holiday can
00:26:40 9.2.11 Stake in Monster Beverage
00:27:24 10 Sponsorship
00:27:41 10.1 Sports
00:29:00 10.2 Television
00:29:32 10.3 Theme parks
00:30:18 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.975096294412261
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Coca-Cola Company is an American corporation, and manufacturer, retailer, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. The Coca-Cola formula and brand were bought in 1894 by Asa Griggs Candler (December 30, 1851 – March 12, 1929), who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company. The company—headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, but incorporated in Wilmington, Delaware—has operated a franchised distribution system since 1889: the Company only produces syrup concentrate, which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold exclusive territories. The company owns its anchor bottler in North America, Coca-Cola Refreshments.
The company's stock is listed on the NYSE and is part of DJIA, the S&P 500 index, the Russell 1000 Index, and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. Muhtar Kent serves as chairman of the company with James Quincey as president and chief executive officer.
AIR Dibrugarh Online Radio Live Stream
ALL INDIA RADIO: DIBRUGARH
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE: FOR 24-01-2020 FRIDAY & 25-01-2020 SATURDAY
M.W 529.1m/KHz.567 F.M. 101.30 MHz
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE: For FRIDAY 24.01.2020
TRANSMISSION III (3.28 PM to 10.30 PM)
3.28 AIR Signature Tune/Opening Announcement
3:30 Deori Song: Artist: Ram Chandra Deori & Pty
3:45 Programme in Mijumishimi
4:05 Porogramme in Khampti
4:25 Programme in Wanchoo
4:45 News in Hindi
4.55 News in English
5:00 Programme in Idu
5.20 Programme in Tangsa
5.40 Programme in Nocte
6:00 Anchalik Batori
6.05 Programme Summary & Highlight
6.10 Vrindagaan:
6.15 GANYA RAIJOR ANUSTHAN (Rural Programme) /Interview on “Uccha Roktochap Aru
Anusangik Rogbur” With Dr. Pranjal Dutta
6:45 Sandhiyar Anchalik Batori
6:55 Ajir Prasanga
7.00 News in Hindi
7.05 News in Assamese
7.15 CHAH SRAMIKAR ASOR (T.G. Programme) Interview with Metka Murmoo on his Life and
Contribution towards Tea Garden Community
7.45 Adhunik Geet: Artist: Jutika Bhuyan Saikia
8.00 Time & Metre Reading: Jivanar Digh Bani (Radio Autobiography) Interview with Homen Borgohain (Eminent Writer, Journalist) Interviewer Jayanti Chutia
8.30 English TalkTalk on “Biochar: Future for Enviroment Management” By Prof. Dilip Kr. Patgiri
8.40 Programme Highlight
8.42 Commercial Spot:
8.45 Samachar Sandhya:
9.00 News at Nine:
9.15 Commercial Spot:
9:16 Bare Rahania: (Guitar Recital) Artist: Utpal Deori
9:25 Nishar Anchalik Batori
9.30 North East Collage
10.00 National Programme Feature in English Titled “Bapu’s Footstep in North East”
10.30 Close Down.
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE: For SATURDAY 25.01.2020
TRANSMISSION I (05.28 AM to 09.35 AM)
5.28 AIR Signature Tune:
5.30 Vandemataram/ Opening Announcement Mangalvadya
5.35 Bhaktigeeti: 1. Artist: Gopa Konwar (Borgeet-Madhabdev) 2.Artist: Pradip Khanikar (Diha Nam), 3. Artist: Ratikanta Rajbongshi & Smriti Rekha Kalita (Lokageet) 4. Artist: Ajit Gogoi (Tokarigeet), 5. Artist: Malabika Ghosh (Bhajan)
6.00 News in Hindi:
6.05 Gandhi Chinta & Programme Summary:
6:10 Swasthya Charcha: Interview on “Korkot Rog” With Dr. Gayatri Gogoi Part: I
6:15 Borgeet: Artist: Bornali Bora
6:30 Classical Music: (Vocal) Artist: Pandit. C.R. Vyas Raga: Bhairav Bahar
6:45 Folk Music: (Lokageet) Artist: Ratikanta Rajbongshi
7.05 News in Assamese
7:15“Ajir Dinto” /(Morning Information Programme)
7.30 Quotation: GEETANJALI: 1.Artist: Khagen Mahanta Lyc: Keshab Mahanta Bondho Asile… 2. Artist: Khagen Dutta Lyc: Nagen Borah Monot Porene… 3. Artist: Kalpana Kalita Lyc: Fazlul Karim, Mor Son… 4. Artist: Kishore Das Lyc: Hiren Bhattacharya, Tor Banhit… 5. Artist: Kalpana Hazarika Lyc: Dijendra Mohan Sarmah, Jor Paati…
7.55 Commercial Spot
8.00 Samachar Prabhat.
8.15 Morning News:
8.30 North East News Bulletin in English:
8.35 SURAR PANCHOI (Composite) Assamese Film Songs
8.50 Puwar Anchalik Batori
9.00 Jilar Rehrup:
9.05 Quotation –-“ANTARA” (Composite) Hindi Film Songs
9.35 Close Down.
TRANSMISSION II (11.28 AM to 3.30 PM)
11.58 AIR Signature Tune/Opening Announcement
12.00 News in English
12.05 Singpho Songs:
12.15 Folk Song: (Diha Naam) Artist: Manu Buragohain & Pty.
12.30 Hindi Film Song: Film: Sanam Re, Saawariya, Singham Returns, Shivaay
1.00 News in English:
1.05 News in Hindi:
1.10 Troops Programme
1.40 News in Assamese:
1.50 Adhunik Geet: Artist: Jupitara Kakoti
2.00 “Kuhinpaat” (Tinytots)
2.15 Dopahar Samachar:
2.30 Western Music:
3.00 Close down.
TRANSMISSION III (3.28 PM to 10.30 PM)
3.28 AIR Signature Tune/Opening Announcement
3.30 Mishing Songs: Artist: Subho Pegu & Pty.
3.45 Programme in Mijumishimi
4.05 Programme in Khampti
4.25 Programme in Wancho
4.45 News in Hindi
4.55 News in English.
5.00 Programme in Idu
5.20 Programme in Tangsa
5.40 Programme in Nocte
6.00 Anchalik Batori
6.05 Programme Summary
6.10 Niyog Batori
6.15 GANYA RAIJOR ANUSTHAN (Rural Programme) Interview on “Krishi Patharot Jalasinchan Aru Jalanishkashan” With Dr. Bipul Deka
6.45 Sandhiyar Anchalik Batori
6.55 Aajir Prasanga:
7.00 The Hon’ble President of India Shri Ram Nath Kovind’s Address to the Nation on the eve of 71st Republic Day
Of India Followed by Marshal Tune
7.50 News in Assamese
8.00 Time & Metre Reading “Ekalabya” Sponsored Programme of K.K. Handique State Open University
8.30 Geetar Sarai: Artist: Shibani Konwar Production: Rajendra Kr. Das
8.40 Programme Highlight
8.42 Commercial Spot:
8.45 Samachar Sandhya:
9.00 News at Nine
9.15 Commercial Spot:
9.16 Bare Rahania: (Deshpremmolak Geet)
9.25 Nishar Anchalik Batori:
9.30 Assamese Version of the Hon’ble President of India Shri Ram Nath Kobind’s Address to the Nation Followed by Marshal Tune
10.00 B’cast of Recordings of “Sarba Bhasha Kobi Sanmilon 2020” (National Symposium of Poets)
12.00 Close Down.
How to Make a Shaving Cream Can Shoot up to 10 feet
War is on October 31
Electric tram | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:17 1 Etymology and terminology
00:05:32 2 History
00:05:55 2.1 Horse-drawn
00:11:47 2.2 Steam
00:13:56 2.3 Cable-hauled
00:18:42 2.4 Gas
00:20:41 2.5 Electric
00:29:45 2.6 Other power sources
00:30:00 2.6.1 Battery
00:31:14 2.6.2 Human Power
00:32:13 2.6.3 Liquid fuel
00:33:03 2.6.4 Compressed air
00:33:18 2.6.5 Hydrogen
00:33:50 2.6.6 Hybrid
00:34:36 2.7 Modern development
00:35:27 3 Design
00:35:35 3.1 Single-ended vs double-ended
00:38:14 3.2 Articulated
00:39:42 3.3 Double decker
00:40:59 3.4 Drop-Centre (lowered central section)
00:41:49 3.5 Low floor
00:44:10 3.5.1 Ultra low floor
00:45:02 3.5.2 Pivoting bogie
00:45:47 3.6 Tram-train
00:46:44 3.7 Cargo tram
00:49:50 3.8 Tourist tram
00:50:24 3.9 Nursery tram
00:50:54 3.10 Hearse tram
00:52:19 3.11 Dog car
00:52:45 3.12 Restaurant tram
00:54:20 3.13 Mobile library service
00:54:59 3.14 Contractors' mobile office
00:55:28 3.15 Maintenance tram
00:56:23 3.16 Rubber-tyred tram
00:57:16 3.17 Other designs
00:57:24 3.17.1 Modular design
00:58:11 3.17.2 Modern styling
00:58:37 4 Operation
00:59:14 4.1 Track
01:01:19 4.2 Track gauge
01:02:31 4.3 Power supply
01:04:02 4.3.1 Ground-level power supply
01:05:12 4.4 Tram stop
01:05:47 4.5 Route
01:09:36 4.6 Controls
01:10:11 5 Manufacturing
01:10:39 6 Advantages
01:12:32 7 Disadvantages
01:14:14 8 By region
01:16:30 8.1 Statistics
01:19:28 8.2 Major tram and light rail systems
01:31:17 8.3 Africa
01:31:25 8.4 Asia
01:34:25 8.5 Europe
01:35:24 8.6 North America
01:39:17 8.7 Oceania
01:43:53 8.8 South America
01:45:09 9 Incidents
01:47:53 10 Tram modelling
01:50:39 11 In popular culture
01:50:54 11.1 Literature
01:57:59 11.2 Music
01:59:28 11.3 Film
02:02:44 11.4 Television
02:03:33 11.5 Visual arts
02:05:42 11.6 Drama
02:06:12 11.7 Ballet
02:06:29 11.8 Opera
02:06:45 11.9 Other
02:07:54 12 See also
02:08:03 12.1 Tram types
02:08:12 12.2 Trams by region
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8924788607054737
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A tram (in North America streetcar or trolley) is a rail vehicle which runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets; some include segments of segregated right-of-way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways. Historically the term electric street railways was also used in the United States. In the United States, the term tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tyred trackless trains, which are not related to the other vehicles covered in this article.
Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than main line and rapid transit trains. Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a pantograph sliding on an overhead line; older systems may use a trolley pole or a bow collector. In some cases by a contact shoe on a third rail is used. If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city streets, and diesel in more rural environments. Occasionally, trams also carry freight.
Trams are now commonly included in the wider term light rail, which also includes grade-separated systems. Some trams, known as tram-trains, may have segments that run on mainline railway tracks, similar to interurban systems. The differences between these modes of rail transport are often indistinct, and a given system may combine multiple features.
One of the advantages over earlier forms of transit was the low rolling resistance of metal wheels on steel rails, allowing the animals to haul a greater load for a given effort. Problems included the fact that any given animal could only work so many hours on a given day, had to be housed, groomed, fed and cared for day in and day out, and produced prodigious amounts of manure, which the streetcar company was charged with disposing of. Electric trams largely replaced animal power in the late 19th and early 20th century. Improvements in other forms of road transport ...
Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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A timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Colonial Period to the Gilded Age, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States. Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the original invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution, which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress:
In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt. On April 10, 1790, President George Washington signed the Patent Act of 1790 (1 Stat. 109) into law proclaiming that patents were to be authorized for any useful art, manufacture, engine, machine, or device, or any improvement therein not before known or used. On July 31, 1790, Samuel Hopkins of Pittsford, Vermont became the first person in the United States to file and to be granted a patent for an improved method of Making Pot and Pearl Ashes. The Patent Act of 1836 (Ch. 357, 5 Stat. 117) further clarified United States patent law to the extent of establishing a patent office where patent applications are filed, processed, and granted, contingent upon the language and scope of the claimant's invention, for a patent term of 14 years with an extension of up to an additional 7 years. However, the Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994 (URAA) changed the patent term in the United States to a total of 20 years, effective for patent applications filed on or after June 8, 1995, thus bringing United States patent law further into conformity with international patent law. The modern-day provisions of the law applied to inventions are laid out in Title 35 of the United States Code (Ch. 950, sec. 1, 66 Stat. 792).
From 1836 to 2011, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has granted a total of 7,861,317 patents relating to several well-known inventions appearing throughout the timeline below.