藝苑掇英 Jury Annenkov 朱利·安納科夫 (1889-1974) Cubism Futurism Russian
tonykwk39@gmail.com
Yury Pavlovich Annenkov was born in Pyotrоpavlovsk on July 23(11), 1889. In 1894 the Annenkovs family moved to St. Petersburg. Yury studied in the 12th Petersburg state grammar school and then was expelled for drawing political caricatures. In 1906 he went on studying in Stolbtsov's private grammar school.
In 1908 Yury Annenkov entered the law department of the Petersburg University, and at the same time was engrossed in painting. In 1909 the beginning artist tried to enter the Academy of Arts but failed. Yet he did not give up and mastered his art skills in Ya.F. Tsionglinsky’s studio, as well as baron A.D. Shtiglits’ School for Technical Drawing.
Yury Annenkov’s long-term cooperation with the magazines Theatre and Art and Satyricon began in 1913. He created a number of illustrations, for example to Alexander Blok’s famous poem The Twelve (1918). In addition the artist worked on stage designs in St. Petersburg theaters.
Yury Annenkov collaborated with lots of well-known stage directors of that time, among them K.S. Stanislavsky, V. E. Meyerhold, F.F. Komissarzhevsky, N. F. Baliyev, and N.V. Pyotrоv. In addition to that, he was on friendly terms with the dissident writer Yevgeny Zamyatin and the artist Ilya Repin.
In 1924 after Lenin’s death Yury Annenkov won competition on the leader’s portrait for Goznak state emblems and stamps. The artist painted Lenin’s portrait in oil after a sketch of 1921.
Yury Annenkov was a great portraitist, who has created remarkable portraits of Anna Akhmatova, Fyodor Sologub, Korney Chukovsky, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Leonid Trotsky, and Anatoly Lunacharsky.
In 1924 Yury Annenkov moved to Italy and stayed in Europe. He settled down in Paris, where he worked as a scenic designer for French theaters. In addition to that the artist had his personal exhibitions, and created scenery and costumes for movies. Under the penname of Boris Temiryazev the artist published his memories about Maxim Gorky, Alexander Blok, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Anna Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, etc.
Yury Annenkov died in Paris on July 12, 1974.
朱利·安納科夫 Yury Pavlovich Annenkov於1889年7月23日（11日）出生於Pyotrоpavlovsk。1894年，Annenkovs一家搬到了聖彼得堡。 Yury在第12所彼得堡州語法學校學習，然後因繪製政治漫畫而被開除。 1906年，他繼續在斯托爾布佐夫的私人文法學校學習。
1908年，尤里·安納科夫進入彼得堡大學法律系，同時全神貫注於繪畫。 1909年，最初的藝術家試圖進入藝術學院但卻失敗了。然而他並沒有放棄並掌握他在Ya.F.的藝術技巧。 Tsionglinsky的工作室，以及男爵A.D. Shtiglits的技術繪圖學院。
1908年，尤里·安納科夫進入彼得堡大學法律系，同時全神貫注於繪畫。 1909年，最初的藝術家試圖進入藝術學院但卻失敗了。然而他並沒有放棄並掌握他在Ya.F.的藝術技巧。 Tsionglinsky的工作室，以及男爵A.D. Shtiglits的技術繪圖學院。
朱利·安納科夫與劇院，藝術和Satyricon雜誌的長期合作始於1913年。他創作了許多插圖，例如Alexander Blok的著名詩作The Twelve（1918）。此外，這位藝術家還在聖彼得堡劇院進行舞台設計。
朱利·安納科夫與當時許多著名的舞台導演合作，其中包括K.S. Stanislavsky，V。E. Meyerhold，F.F。 Komissarzhevsky，N。F. Baliyev和N.V.Pyotrоv。除此之外，他還與持不同政見的作家Yevgeny Zamyatin和藝術家Ilya Repin保持友好關係。
1924年，朱利·安納科夫搬到意大利並留在歐洲。他在巴黎安頓下來，在那裡他是法國影院的風景設計師。除此之外，藝術家還有他的個人展覽，並為電影創作了風景和服裝。在Boris Temiryazev的筆下，藝術家發表了他對Maxim Gorky，Alexander Blok，Vladimir Mayakovsky，Anna Akhmatova，Boris Pasternak等的回憶。
朱利·安納科夫於1974年7月12日在巴黎去世。
Vladimir Mayakovsky
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was a Russian Soviet poet, playwright, artist and stage and film actor.
During his early, pre-Revolution period leading into 1917, Mayakovsky became renowned as a prominent figure of the Russian Futurist movement; being among the signers of the Futurist manifesto, A Slap in the Face of Public Taste, and authoring poems such as A Cloud in Trousers and Backbone Flute. Mayakovsky produced a large and diverse body of work during the course of his career: he wrote poems, wrote and directed plays, appeared in films, edited the art journal LEF, and created agitprop posters in support of the Communist Party during the Russian Civil War. Though Mayakovsky's work regularly demonstrated ideological and patriotic support for the ideology of the Communist Party and a strong admiration of Lenin, Mayakovsky's relationship with the Soviet state was always complex and often tumultuous. Mayakovsky often found himself engaged in confrontation with the increasing involvement of the Soviet State in cultural censorship and the development of the State doctrine of Socialist realism. Works that contained criticism or satire of aspects of the Soviet system, such as the poem Talking With the Taxman About Poetry, and the plays The Bedbug and The Bathhouse, were met with scorn by the Soviet state and literary establishment.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Forgotten Leaders. Episode 1. Felix Dzerzhinsky. Documentary. English Subtitles. StarMediaEN
All Episodes of Forgotten Leaders
The project provisionally titled “Forgotten Leaders” is a series of seven films, each featuring an individual from the leaders of the Soviet state in power during the time period from 1920 to 1953. Each episode is a filmed portrait depicting the story of life, political and public activities of its hero. The heroes of “The Forgotten Leaders” are
individuals ambiguous from the perspective of the Russian and world’s history and odious and often sharply negative in the eyes of public consciousness. Unfortunately, when labeling, we often forget that “each individual
is a tangle of contradictions” and that “history is written by the victors”. Seven men. Seven lives. One era. What was behind their decisions and at what was the price they paid for their deeds?
Type: historical reenactment
Genre: docudrama
Year of production: 2016
Number of episodes: 8
Directed by: Pavel Sergatskov
Written by: Aleksandr Kolpakydy, Egor Vasilyev, Aleksandr Lukyanov, Vasiliy Shevtsov, Inna Nechaykyna
Production designer: Aleksandr Khilyarevskiy
Director of photography: Aleksandr Kiper
Music by: Boris Kukoba
Producers: Valeriy Babich , Vlad Ryashin
Cast: Farid Takhiev, Roman Vusotskiy, Sergey Tishin, Aleksandr Suvorov, Anton Morozov, Aleksey Ustinov, Adam Bulkhuchev
Forgotten Leaders. Episode 1. Felix Dzerzhinsky. Documentary. StarMediaEN
Watch movies and TV series for free in high quality.
Explore a great collection of documentaries.
The best Russian movies and TV series, melodramas, war movies, military TV shows, new Russian films, top documentary films and full movies with english subtitles.
With the help of these free online Russian movies you will learn Russian easily.
Subscribe for high quality movies and series on our channel.
Enjoy Watching!
#StarMediaEN
Lenin-Sosyalizmin Kızıl Şafağı (Eng Subtitled)
BSM Ekim Devriminin Yıldönümünde Filmi Türkiye İşçi Sınıfına Armağan Ediyor!
Bağımsız Sinema Merkezi (BSM) tarafından hazırlanan belgesel, tarihin ilk sosyalist devleti Sovyetler Birliği'nin nasıl doğduğunu genel hatlarıyla anlatırken odağına bu devrimin en önde gelen mimarı Lenin'i yerleştiriyor. İzleyiciler, Lenin'in çocukluğundan itibaren tanık olduğu, analiz ettiği ve müdahalede bulunduğu olaylar üzerinden 19. Yüzyıl Rusya'sının küçük bir balıkçı kasabasına, Rus göçmenler ve sürgünlerin siyasi mücadeleyi zor koşullar altında sürdürdüğü çeşitli Avrupa kentlerine yolculuk ediyor.
Devrimin ateşlendiği Petersburg ve Moskova sokaklarına, en sert tartışmaların ve ayrışmaların yaşandığı kongre salonlarına, 1. Dünya Savaşı'nın kan, açlık ve öfke biriktiren siper çukurlarına, önce Çar'ın sonra burjuva hükümetinin terk etmek zorunda kaldığı Kışlık Saray'a, Karşı Devrimci Beyaz Orduyu yenilgiye uğratan Kızıl Ordu saflarına, Kremlin'e ve Lenin'in yaşamının sona erdiği Gorki Köyü'ne de konuk oluyor.
Ama hepsinden önemlisi, belgesel, özenle seçilmiş görsel malzemenin ve verdikleri röportajlarla çalışmaya önemli ölçüde derinlik katan Metin Çulhaoğlu ve Kemal Okuyan'ın katkılarıyla bir devrimin nasıl gerçekleştiğini ,devrimci partinin ve Lenin'in bu süreçte ne kadar da tayin edici konumda bulunduğunu gösteriyor. Bunu da hem sosyalizmle yeni tanışanları, hem de döneme bir kez daha yakından bakmak isteyen devrimcileri gözeterek yapıyor.
BSM, 'Sosyalizmin Kızıl Şafağı: Lenin' belgeselini, Ekim Devrimi'nin yıl dönümünde işçi sınıfına hediye ediyor. Film internetten (bagimsizsinemamerkezi.org adresinden) ücretsiz olarak indirilip izlenilebilir.
Ekip: Yönetmen: Onur Doğan,Mustafa Kenan Aybastı -- Yazan: Onur Doğan -- Anlatıcı: Ender Yiğit -- Seslendirenler: Berk Avcı, Süha Çalkıvık,Cansu Fırıncı,Mehmet Ali İşgüder, Arda kavaklıoğlu,Dilara Tor,Müge Saut.
BSM-Bağımsız Sinema Merkezi
bagimsizsinemamerkezi.org
bagimsizsinemamerkezi@gmail.com
(0216) 550 99 75
Leon Trotsky The sold out revoluton Who paid Trotsky? Secrets of the World Revolution
Secrets of the World Revolution. Who paid Trotsky? Who did fund the Bolschevic Revolution? Rothschilds , German , Bankers, Schiff. Marx, Russian. English Subtitles , Лев Троцкий. Тайна мировой революции ,Galina Ogurnaya,Director: Галина Огурная.
USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)
00:00:46 1 History
00:02:32 2 Legislative Measures
00:04:59 3 Persecution against the Orthodox Church
00:09:48 4 Campaign to Seize Church Valuables
00:17:30 5 Renovationist Schism
00:24:52 6 Anti-Religious Propaganda
00:29:02 7 Debate on Methodology
00:32:22 8 Education
00:33:33 9 Revisal of Renovationist Policy and Policies to Non-Orthodox Religions
00:35:58 10 Ukrainian Church
00:37:17 11 Policies towards Muslims
00:40:15 12 Activities of Public Institutions
00:42:53 13 Foreign Relations
00:44:33 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928) was a campaign of anti-religious persecution against churches and believers by the Soviet government following the initial anti-religious campaign during the Russian Civil War. The elimination of most religion and its replacement with deism, agnosticism and atheism supported with a materialist world view was a fundamental ideological goal of the state. To this end the state conducted anti-religious persecutions against believers that were meant to hurt and destroy religion. It was never made illegal to be a believer or to have religion, and so the activities of this campaign were often veiled under other pretexts (usually resistance to the regime) that the state invoked or invented in order to justify its activities.
Vladimir Mayakovsky | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vladimir Mayakovsky
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (; Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Маяко́вский; 19 July [O.S. 7 July] 1893 – 14 April 1930) was a Soviet poet, playwright, artist, and actor.
During his early, pre-Revolution period leading into 1917, Mayakovsky became renowned as a prominent figure of the Russian Futurist movement, being among the signers of the Futurist manifesto, A Slap in the Face of Public Taste (1913), and authoring poems such as A Cloud in Trousers (1915) and Backbone Flute (1916). Mayakovsky produced a large and diverse body of work during the course of his career: he wrote poems, wrote and directed plays, appeared in films, edited the art journal LEF, and created agitprop posters in support of the Communist Party during the Russian Civil War. Though Mayakovsky's work regularly demonstrated ideological and patriotic support for the ideology of the Communist Party and a strong admiration of Vladimir Lenin, Mayakovsky's relationship with the Soviet state was always complex and often tumultuous. Mayakovsky often found himself engaged in confrontation with the increasing involvement of the Soviet State in cultural censorship and the development of the State doctrine of Socialist realism. Works that contained criticism or satire of aspects of the Soviet system, such as the poem Talking With the Taxman About Poetry (1926), and the plays The Bedbug (1929) and The Bathhouse (1929), were met with scorn by the Soviet state and literary establishment.
In 1930 Mayakovsky committed suicide. Even after death his relationship with the Soviet state remained unsteady. Though Mayakovsky had previously been harshly criticized by Soviet governmental bodies like the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP), Joseph Stalin posthumously declared Mayakovsky the best and the most talented poet of our Soviet epoch.
Maxim Gorky | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Maxim Gorky
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (Russian: Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в or Пе́шков; 28 March [O.S. 16 March] 1868 – 18 June 1936), primarily known as Maxim (Maksim) Gorky (Russian: Макси́м Го́рький), was a Russian and Soviet writer, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. He was also a five-time nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Around fifteen years before success as a writer, he frequently changed jobs and roamed across the Russian Empire; these experiences would later influence his writing. Gorky's most famous works were The Lower Depths (1902), Twenty-six Men and a Girl, The Song of the Stormy Petrel, My Childhood, Mother, Summerfolk and Children of the Sun. He had an association with fellow Russian writers Leo Tolstoy and Anton Chekhov; Gorky would later mention them in his memoirs.
Gorky was active with the emerging Marxist social-democratic movement. He publicly opposed the Tsarist regime, and for a time closely associated himself with Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov's Bolshevik wing of the party, but later became a bitter critic of Lenin as an overly ambitious, cruel and power-hungry potentate who tolerated no challenge to his authority. For a significant part of his life, he was exiled from Russia and later the Soviet Union. In 1932, he returned to USSR on Joseph Stalin's personal invitation and died there in June 1936.
Soviet Union | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Soviet Union
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 22 December 1922 to 26 December 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR). Russians dominated the Soviet regime. Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk.
Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union had spanned eleven time zones and incorporated a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, the Soviet Union shared land borders with Norway, Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It shared its maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the US state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. With an area of 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi), the Soviet Union was the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the third most populous, with over 288 million people as of 1989, with 80% of the population living in the western, European part of the country.
The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II during World War I. In 1922, the Soviet Union was formed by the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR which legalized the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics that had occurred from 1918. Following Lenin's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s. Stalin committed the state's ideology to Marxism–Leninism (which he created) and constructed a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization. During this period of totalitarian rule, political paranoia fermented and the late-1930s Great Purge removed Stalin's opponents within and outside of the party via arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people, resulting in over 600,000 deaths. Suppression of political critics and forced labor were carried out by Stalin's government. In 1933, a major famine that became known as the Holodomor in Soviet Ukraine struck multiple Soviet grain-growing regions, causing the deaths of some 3 to 7 million people.In August 1939, days before the start of World War II, the Soviets signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Germany, after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939. In June 1941, the pact collapsed as Germany turned to attack the Soviet Union, opening the largest and bloodiest theatre of war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad and Kursk. The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the Soviet Union and the postwar division of Europe into capitalist and communist halves would lead to increased tensions with the West, led by the United States of America.
The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc, united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955, confronted the Western Bloc, united under NATO in 1949. On 5 March 1953, Stalin died and was eventually succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who in 1956 denounced Stalin and began the de-Stalinization of Soviet society through the Khrushchev Thaw. The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race, with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight. Dissatisfied with Khrushchev's policies, the Communist Party's conservative wing led a coup d'état against Khrus ...
Russian science fiction and fantasy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:56 1 Terminology
00:02:11 2 Imperial period
00:02:21 2.1 18th and early 19th centuries
00:06:23 2.2 Late 19th - early 20th century
00:08:34 2.2.1 Utopias
00:10:39 2.2.2 Genre fiction
00:14:12 3 Soviet period
00:14:21 3.1 Soviet science fiction
00:14:54 3.1.1 Early Soviet era
00:18:55 3.1.2 Late Soviet era
00:23:11 3.1.3 Films and other media
00:25:53 3.2 Soviet fantasy
00:26:02 3.2.1 Literature
00:28:14 3.2.2 Films
00:30:23 3.3 Most notable Soviet writers
00:30:33 4 Post-Soviet period
00:30:43 4.1 Literature
00:35:01 4.2 Movies
00:36:49 4.3 Other media
00:37:39 4.4 Notable writers
00:37:48 5 Anthologies
00:39:28 6 Literature
00:41:22 7 References
00:42:40 8 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9093218789726516
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Science fiction and fantasy have been part of mainstream Russian literature since the 19th century. Russian fantasy developed from the centuries-old traditions of Slavic mythology and folklore. Russian science fiction emerged in the mid-19th century and rose to its golden age during the Soviet era, both in cinema and literature, with writers like the Strugatsky brothers, Kir Bulychov, and Mikhail Bulgakov, among others. Soviet filmmakers, such as Andrei Tarkovsky, also produced many science fiction and fantasy films. With the fall of the Iron Curtain, modern Russia experienced a renaissance of fantasy. Outside modern Russian borders, there are a significant number of Russophone writers and filmmakers from Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan, who have made a notable contribution to the genres.
USSR | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
USSR
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 30 December 1922 to 26 December 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR). Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk.
Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union had spanned eleven time zones and incorporated a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, the Soviet Union shared land borders with Norway, Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It shared its maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the US state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. With an area of 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi), the Soviet Union was the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the third most populous, with over 288 million people as of 1989, with 80% of the population living in the western, European part of the country.
The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II during World War I. In 1922, the Soviet Union was formed by the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR which legalized the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics that had occurred from 1918. Following Lenin's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s. Stalin committed the state's ideology to Marxism–Leninism (which he created) and constructed a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization. During this period of totalitarian rule, political paranoia fermented and the late-1930s Great Purge removed Stalin's opponents within and outside of the party via arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people, resulting in over 600,000 deaths. Suppression of political critics and forced labor were carried out by Stalin's government. In 1933, a major famine that became known as the Holodomor in Soviet Ukraine struck multiple Soviet grain-growing regions, causing the deaths of some 3 to 7 million people.In August 1939, days before the start of World War II, the Soviets signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Germany, after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939. In June 1941, the pact collapsed as Germany turned to attack the Soviet Union, opening the largest and bloodiest theatre of war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad and Kursk. The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the Soviet Union and the postwar division of Europe into capitalist and communist halves would lead to increased tensions with the West, led by the United States of America.
The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc, united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955, confronted the Western Bloc, united under NATO in 1949. On 5 March 1953, Stalin died and was eventually succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who in 1956 denounced Stalin and began the de-Stalinization of Soviet society through the Khrushchev Thaw. The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race, with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight. Dissatisfied with Khrushchev's policies, the Communist Party's conservative wing led a coup d'état against Khrushch ...
Soviet Union | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Soviet Union
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union or Russia, was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 22 December 1922 to 26 December 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR). Russians dominated the Soviet regime. Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk.
Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union had spanned eleven time zones and incorporated a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, the Soviet Union shared land borders with Norway, Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It shared its maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the US state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. With an area of 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi), the Soviet Union was the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the third most populous, with over 288 million people as of 1989, with 80% of the population living in the western, European part of the country.
The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II during World War I. In 1922, the Soviet Union was formed by the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR which legalized the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics that had occurred from 1918. Following Lenin's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s. Stalin committed the state's ideology to Marxism–Leninism (which he created) and constructed a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization. During this period of totalitarian rule, political paranoia fermented and the late-1930s Great Purge removed Stalin's opponents within and outside of the party via arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people, resulting in over 600,000 deaths. Suppression of political critics and forced labor were carried out by Stalin's government. In 1933, a major famine that became known as the Holodomor in Soviet Ukraine struck multiple Soviet grain-growing regions, causing the deaths of some 3 to 7 million people.In August 1939, days before the start of World War II, the Soviets signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Germany, after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939. In June 1941, the pact collapsed as Germany turned to attack the Soviet Union, opening the largest and bloodiest theatre of war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad and Kursk. The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the Soviet Union and the postwar division of Europe into capitalist and communist halves would lead to increased tensions with the West, led by the United States of America.
The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc, united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955, confronted the Western Bloc, united under NATO in 1949. On 5 March 1953, Stalin died and was eventually succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who in 1956 denounced Stalin and began the de-Stalinization of Soviet society through the Khrushchev Thaw. The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race, with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight. Dissatisfied with Khrushchev's policies, the Communist Party's conservative wing led a coup d'état aga ...
USSR | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:06:22 1 Name
00:09:00 2 Geography, climate and environment
00:11:23 3 History
00:12:42 3.1 Revolution and foundation
00:15:48 3.2 Unification of republics
00:18:02 3.3 Stalin era
00:24:26 3.3.1 1930s
00:27:57 3.3.2 World War II
00:32:04 3.3.3 Cold War
00:34:15 3.4 Khrushchev era
00:38:02 3.5 Era of Stagnation
00:40:01 3.6 Gorbachev era
00:45:14 3.7 Dissolution
00:50:33 3.7.1 Post-Soviet states
00:51:34 4 Foreign affairs
00:51:44 4.1 Organizations
00:56:23 4.2 Early Soviet foreign policies (1919–1939)
01:00:06 4.3 World War II era (1939–1945)
01:00:19 4.4 Cold War era (1945–1991)
01:00:32 5 Politics
01:01:03 5.1 Communist Party
01:03:42 5.2 Government
01:06:25 5.3 Separation of power and reform
01:09:21 5.4 Judicial system
01:10:04 6 Administrative divisions
01:13:03 7 Economy
01:21:05 7.1 Energy
01:23:15 7.2 Science and technology
01:25:52 7.3 Transport
01:28:03 8 Demographics
01:31:17 9 Social history
01:31:27 9.1 Women and fertility
01:32:51 9.2 Education
01:35:20 9.3 Ethnic groups
01:37:42 9.4 Health
01:40:26 9.5 Language
01:42:16 9.6 Religion
01:47:15 10 Military
01:47:24 11 Legacy
01:47:33 12 Culture
01:50:23 13 Sport
01:54:17 14 See also
01:55:03 14.1 Conflicts
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8067631478773096
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 30 December 1922 to 26 December 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR). Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It spanned over 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi) east to west across 11 time zones, and over 7,200 kilometres (4,500 mi) north to south. It had five climate zones: tundra, taiga, steppes, desert and mountains.
The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution, when the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II during World War I. In 1922, the Soviet Union was formed by a treaty which legalized the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics that had occurred from 1918. Following Lenin's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s. Stalin committed the state's ideology to Marxism–Leninism (which he created) and constructed a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization. During his rule, political paranoia fermented and the Great Purge removed Stalin's opponents within and outside of the party via arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people, resulting in at least 600,000 deaths. In 1933, a major famine struck the country, causing the deaths of some 3 to 7 million people.Before the start of World War II, the Soviets signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, agreeing to non-aggression with Germany, after which the USSR invaded Poland on 17 September 1939. In June 1941, Germany broke the pact and invaded the Soviet Union, opening the largest and bloodiest theatre of war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad and Kursk. The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the Soviet Union. The post-war division of Europe into capitalist and communist halves would lead to increased tensions with the United States-led Western Bloc, known as the Cold War. Stalin died in 1953 and was eventually succeeded by Nikita Khrush ...
Luxemburgism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Luxemburgism
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Rosa Luxemburg (German: [ˈʁoːza ˈlʊksəmbʊʁk] (listen); Polish: Róża Luksemburg; also Rozalia Luxenburg; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Polish Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist, and revolutionary socialist who became a naturalized German citizen at the age of 28. She was, successively, a member of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD), and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
In 1915, after the SPD supported German involvement in World War I, she and Karl Liebknecht co-founded the anti-war Spartacus League (Spartakusbund), which eventually became the KPD. During the November Revolution she co-founded the newspaper Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag), the central organ of the Spartacist movement.
She considered the Spartacist uprising of January 1919 a blunder, but supported it as events unfolded. Friedrich Ebert's majority Social Democratic government crushed the revolt and the Spartakusbund by sending in the Freikorps (government-sponsored paramilitary groups consisting mostly of World War I veterans). Freikorps troops captured and summarily executed Luxemburg and Liebknecht during the rebellion. Luxemburg's body was thrown in the Landwehr Canal in Berlin.
Due to her pointed criticism of both the Leninist and the more moderate social democratic schools of socialism, Luxemburg has had a somewhat ambivalent reception among scholars and theorists of the political left. Nonetheless, Luxemburg and Liebknecht were extensively idolized as communist martyrs by the East German communist regime. The German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution notes that idolization of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht is an important tradition of German far-left extremism.
Rosa Luxemburg | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Rosa Luxemburg
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Rosa Luxemburg (German: [ˈʁoːza ˈlʊksəmbʊʁk] (listen); Polish: Róża Luksemburg; also Rozalia Luxenburg; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Polish Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist, and revolutionary socialist who became a naturalized German citizen at the age of 28. She was, successively, a member of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD), and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
In 1915, after the SPD supported German involvement in World War I, she and Karl Liebknecht co-founded the anti-war Spartacus League (Spartakusbund), which eventually became the KPD. During the November Revolution she co-founded the newspaper Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag), the central organ of the Spartacist movement.
She considered the Spartacist uprising of January 1919 a blunder, but supported it as events unfolded. Friedrich Ebert's majority Social Democratic government crushed the revolt and the Spartakusbund by sending in the Freikorps (government-sponsored paramilitary groups consisting mostly of World War I veterans). Freikorps troops captured and summarily executed Luxemburg and Liebknecht during the rebellion. Luxemburg's body was thrown in the Landwehr Canal in Berlin.
Due to her pointed criticism of both the Leninist and the more moderate social democratic schools of socialism, Luxemburg has had a somewhat ambivalent reception among scholars and theorists of the political left. Nonetheless, Luxemburg and Liebknecht were extensively idolized as communist martyrs by the East German communist regime. The German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution notes that idolization of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht is an important tradition of German far-left extremism.
Luxemburgism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:00 1 Life
00:02:08 1.1 Poland
00:05:41 1.2 Germany
00:08:44 1.2.1 Before World War I
00:12:10 1.2.2 During the war
00:14:58 1.2.3 German Revolution of 1918–1919
00:19:32 2 Thought
00:20:47 2.1 Revolutionary socialist democracy
00:23:50 2.2 Opposition to imperialist war and capitalism
00:25:06 2.3 iThe Accumulation of Capital/i
00:26:48 2.4 iDialectic of Spontaneity and Organisation/i
00:29:59 2.5 Criticism of the October Revolution
00:35:04 2.6 Epitaph on her death
00:36:59 2.7 Quotations
00:38:58 2.8 Last words: belief in revolution
00:40:15 3 Commemoration
00:44:54 3.1 Annual demonstration
00:45:45 4 In popular culture and literature
00:49:24 5 Corpse identification controversy
00:53:05 6 Ancestry
00:53:14 7 Works
00:54:07 8 Writings
00:54:19 9 Speeches
00:54:28 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8728425891256124
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Rosa Luxemburg (German: [ˈʁoːza ˈlʊksəmbʊʁk] (listen); Polish: Róża Luksemburg; also Rozalia Luxenburg; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Polish Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist and revolutionary socialist who became a naturalized German citizen at the age of 28. Successively, she was a member of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
After the SPD supported German involvement in World War I in 1915, she and Karl Liebknecht co-founded the anti-war Spartacus League (Spartakusbund), which eventually became the KPD. During the November Revolution, she co-founded the newspaper Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag), the central organ of the Spartacist movement.
Luxemburg considered the Spartacist uprising of January 1919 a blunder, but supported it as events unfolded. Friedrich Ebert's majority Social Democratic government crushed the revolt and the Spartakusbund by sending in the Freikorps (government-sponsored paramilitary groups consisting mostly of World War I veterans). Freikorps troops captured and summarily executed Luxemburg and Liebknecht during the rebellion. Luxemburg's body was thrown in the Landwehr Canal in Berlin.
Due to her pointed criticism of both the Leninist and the more moderate social democratic schools of socialism, Luxemburg has had a somewhat ambivalent reception among scholars and theorists of the political left. Nonetheless, Luxemburg and Liebknecht were extensively idolized as communist martyrs by the East German communist regime. The German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution notes that idolization of Luxemburg and Liebknecht is an important tradition of German far-left extremism.