Lecture 2: From Soviet Communism to Russian Gangster Capitalism
What led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and why did it collapse so peacefully? Prof. Ian Shapiro discusses the events leading up to the fall of the Communist regime and its aftermath, including the rise of gangster capitalism in Russia, the transition from President Boris Yeltsin to Vladimir Putin, and why corruption is still so prevalent in Russia today.
Putin's Russia – A discussion with Dr. Leon Aron and Vladimir Kara-Murza | LIVE EVENT
Vladimir Kara-Murza, one of the leaders of the opposition to Vladimir Putin, discusses the state of Russian politics with AEI's Dr. Leon Aron.
This event was recorded in front of a live audience on December 5th, 2017.
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#aei #news #politics #government #education #russia #putin #vladimirputin #election #vote #democracy
Slavic Unity! The Serbian Head Of Gendarmerie Visits Russia's Rosgvardia Chief
The Serbian Gendarmerie has paid an official visit to Russia. Its head, Dejan Luković, met with the head of Rosgvardia, Victor Zolotov. They discussed cooperation in maintaining security and saw a performance at the Dzerzhinsky Division.
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Forgotten Leaders. Episode 4. Semyon Budyonny. Documentary. English Subtitles. StarMediaEN
All Episodes of Forgotten Leaders
The project provisionally titled “Forgotten Leaders” is a series of seven films, each featuring an individual from the leaders of the Soviet state in power during the time period from 1920 to 1953. Each episode is a filmed portrait depicting the story of life, political and public activities of its hero. The heroes of “The Forgotten Leaders” are
individuals ambiguous from the perspective of the Russian and world’s history and odious and often sharply negative in the eyes of public consciousness. Unfortunately, when labeling, we often forget that “each individual
is a tangle of contradictions” and that “history is written by the victors”. Seven men. Seven lives. One era. What was behind their decisions and at what was the price they paid for their deeds?
Type: historical reenactment
Genre: docudrama
Year of production: 2016
Number of episodes: 8
Directed by: Pavel Sergatskov
Written by: Aleksandr Kolpakydy, Egor Vasilyev, Aleksandr Lukyanov, Vasiliy Shevtsov, Inna Nechaykyna
Production designer: Aleksandr Khilyarevskiy
Director of photography: Aleksandr Kiper
Music by: Boris Kukoba
Producers: Valeriy Babich , Vlad Ryashin
Cast: Farid Takhiev, Roman Vusotskiy, Sergey Tishin, Aleksandr Suvorov, Anton Morozov, Aleksey Ustinov, Adam Bulkhuchev
Forgotten Leaders. Episode 4. Vyacheslav Molotov. Documentary. English Subtitles. StarMediaEN
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Moscow. KGB headquarters (december of 1991)
KGB, Amiga - Part 2 - Ain't Played In Ages
KGB (also known as conspiracy) is an unusual point and click detective adventure game. Set during the late Soviet Union, you play as a KGB agent in the department that investigates corruption in the KGB. Starting with a seemingly routine investigation into an ex-KGB private detective, you begin to uncover a web of crime and conspiracy.
The game is undoubtedly flawed. It relies on timing to a large degree. Requiring you to be in the right place at the right time. Death or defeat can result from missing things, or from choices that were made quite some time before. This makes it a difficult and even tedious game at times and requires a lot of trial and error or luck.
Despite that, it has some great writing and characters, and creates a real sense of being a detective in an oppressive and dangerous environment. It wouldn't be able to create this without death being around every corner. So it's greatness flaw is also it's greatest strength. It really gets quite dark. I mean seriously. You'll be surprised.
I never finished it, but I have seen the game completed. I don't do a full playthrough here, but I show a decent portion of the beginning.
Ain't Played In Ages is a live narrated walkthrough / let's play series of various games that I haven't played for many years. Usually I'm playing them in the video for the first time since I was a kid. That's a long time ago.
Intro music is from the classic cracktro by Unit A. The full version can be heard and seen here:
Ludendorff Plans for a Spring Offensive I THE GREAT WAR - Week 179
This week, the peace negotiations are underway at Brest-Litovsk. Meanwhile, the German High Command begins to plan for a game-changing offensive in the spring. There’s action in Italy on the Piave Front, and the Ottomans try to recapture the Holy City.
» HOW CAN I SUPPORT YOUR CHANNEL?
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» WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT WORLD WAR I AND WHERE ELSE CAN I FIND YOU?
We’re offering background knowledge, news, a glimpse behind the scenes and much more on:
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» CAN I EMBED YOUR VIDEOS ON MY WEBSITE?
Of course, you can embed our videos on your website. We are happy if you show our channel to your friends, fellow students, classmates, professors, teachers or neighbours. Or just share our videos on Facebook, Twitter, Reddit etc.
We are also happy to get your feedback, criticism or ideas in the comments. If you have interesting historical questions, just post them and we will answer in our OUT OF THE TRENCHES videos. You can find a selection of answers to the most frequently asked questions here:
» CAN I SHOW YOUR VIDEOS IN CLASS?
Of course! Tell your teachers or professors about our channel and our videos. We’re happy if we can contribute with our videos. If you are a teacher and have questions about our show, you can get in contact with us on one of our social media presences.
» WHAT ARE YOUR SOURCES?
Videos: British Pathé
Pictures: Mostly Picture Alliance
Background Map:
Literature (excerpt):
Gilbert, Martin. The First World War. A Complete History, Holt Paperbacks, 2004.
Hart, Peter. The Great War. A Combat History of the First World War, Oxford University Press, 2013.
Hart, Peter. The Great War. 1914-1918, Profile Books, 2013.
Stone, Norman. World War One. A Short History, Penguin, 2008.
Keegan, John. The First World War, Vintage, 2000.
Hastings, Max. Catastrophe 1914. Europe Goes To War, Knopf, 2013.
Hirschfeld, Gerhard. Enzyklopädie Erster Weltkrieg, Schöningh Paderborn, 2004
Michalka, Wolfgang. Der Erste Weltkrieg. Wirkung, Wahrnehmung, Analyse, Seehamer Verlag GmbH, 2000
Leonhard, Jörn. Die Büchse der Pandora: Geschichte des Ersten Weltkrieges, C.H. Beck, 2014
If you want to buy some of the books we use or recommend during our show, check out our Amazon Store:
NOTE: This store uses affiliate links which grant us a commission if you buy a product there.
» WHAT IS “THE GREAT WAR” PROJECT?
THE GREAT WAR covers the events exactly 100 years ago: The story of World War I in realtime. Featuring: The unique archive material of British Pathé. Indy Neidell takes you on a journey into the past to show you what really happened and how it all could spiral into more than four years of dire war. Subscribe to our channel and don’t miss our new episodes every Thursday.
» WHO IS REPLYING TO MY COMMENTS? AND WHO IS BEHIND THIS PROJECT?
Most of the comments are written by our social media manager Florian. He is posting links, facts and backstage material on our social media channels. But from time to time, Indy reads and answers comments with his personal account, too.
The Team responsible for THE GREAT WAR is even bigger:
- CREDITS -
Presented by : Indiana Neidell
Written by: Indiana Neidell
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Research by: Indiana Neidell
Fact checking: Markus Linke
The Great War Theme composed by Karim Theilgaard:
A Mediakraft Networks Original Channel
Based on a concept by Spartacus Olsson
Author: Indiana Neidell
Visual Concept: David van Stephold
Producer: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Social Media Manager: Florian Wittig
Contains licenced Material by British Pathé
All rights reserved - © Mediakraft Networks GmbH, 2017
Игорь Панарин: Мировая политика #15
Символизм встреч Путина и Си Цзиньпина продолжился. Владимир Путин выступил на экономическом форуме. В своей речи он упомянул и Черчилля, и Сталина и Рузвельта. Запад получил ядерное оружие в 1945 и испытал его в Хиросиме и Нагасаки. В СССР оно появилось уже в 1949, что исключило британскую ядерную агрессию. На СССР планировалось сбросить 20 атомных бомб. Черчилль назван умным человеком и практическим политиком. Владимир Путин сказал, что мы опередили конкурентов в гонке супе…роружия. Выход из кризиса — в совместной практической работе. Как только у Советского Союза появилось атомное оружие, как Запад тут же начал говорить об ограничении вооружений. Рузвельт принимал решение, исходя из военно-стратегических положений. Владимир Владимирович предлагает новую систему координат. Евроатлантическая, а фактически — английская модель не отвечает реальности. Нужно переосмыслить роль доллара в мировой финансовой системе. США: Трамп одержал большую победу, остановив поток мигрантов из Мексики, организованный Джорджем Соросом. Си Цзиньпин во время экскурсии по Санкт-Петербургу, внезапно попросил посетить крейсер «Аврора». Это символ Великой Октябрьской Социалистической Революции. Для Си это символ правильности курса Сталина. Си в речи на Форуме выступил с тезисом о необходимости совершенствования системы глобального управления. «Человечество на перепутье», — сказал китайский лидер. Горячие точки: как только Си Цзиньпин завершил свой исторический визит в Россию, как тут же вспыхнули беспорядки в Гонконге, до сих пор подверженного британскому влиянию. Причём количество демонстрантов преувеличивается на порядки. Казахстан: транзит власти прошёл спокойно, Токаев набрал более 70% голосов. Молдова: несколько групп влияния смогли договориться, кроме группы, возглавляемой олигархом Плахотнюком. Решение Парламента Молдовы поддержали одновременно посольства США и России. Плахотнюк в мае 2018 года посетил королевский институт оборонных исследований, где выступил с докладом. Это самая старая в мире «мозговая фабрика». Возглавляет этот институт герцог Кентский, двоюродный брат королевы и глава крупнейшей в мире масонской ложи. Позиции Трампа, Си Цзиньпина и Путина в какой-то мере согласованы в действиях против Лондона. Напоминание: прокуратура Румынии доказала, что события 1989 года были искусственно созданной «цветной революцией». 5-6 июня произошёл ряд исторических событий. Идея Владимира Путина о большом евразийском партнёрстве коррелирует с намерениями Си Цзиньпина и Трампа.
Всем мирного неба!
Помощь в переводе - Мариарти Марина Николаевна, российская художница-концептуалистка
Обзор новостей мировой политики от профессора Игоря Панарина, доктора политических наук, стратегического аналитика, ведущего мирового специалиста по информационной и гибридной войне, автора более 20 книг по тематике гибридной и информационной войны.
#путин #трамп #цзиньпин
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Putin and Patriarch Kirill On Bolshevik Repressions: No Greater Good Can Justify Millions Of Dead
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Белосток, Польша: достопримечательности и история (Russian, English subtitles)
В этом видео мы приглашаем в город Белосток (Польша). Достопримечательности этого города связаны с его непростой историей. Он входил в состав разных государств. Украшением является дворец Браницких в Белостоке, который также получил название польский Версаль.
Мы также рассказываем об одной из страниц жизни еврейского населения этого города, #еврейские_погромы 1906 года были инспирированы полицией и царской армией.
В этом видео мы рассказываем об истории ныне польского города Белостока, который входил в состав разных государств. Его украшением является дворец Браницких, который также называют польским или подляшским Версалем.
Мы также рассказываем об одной из страниц жизни еврейского населения этого города, касающейся погрома 1906 года, инспирированного полицией и царской армией.
Также предлагаем посмотреть на нашем канале следующие видео о Польше:
Люблин
Плоцк
Влоцлавек
Торунь
Белосток
Другие фильмы из нашего Балтийского путешествия, которые предлагаем посмотреть
Германия
Грайфсвальд
Любек
Киль
Швеция
Мальмо
Гетеборг
Норвегия
Фредрикстад
Осло-фьорд
Эстония
Тарту
Латвия
Лиепая
Литва
Вильнюс
Фотографии и видео наши. Также использованы иллюстрации из следующих источников:
By Henryk Poddębski - Biblioteka Cyfrowa Politechniki Warszawskiej, Public Domain,
By Unknown - old postcard, Public Domain,
By Augustyn Mirys, ca 1752 - Praca własnaimage taken by Mathiasrex, Maciej Szczepańczyk, CC BY-SA 3.0,
By Tadeusz Gajl – projejt graficznyBastianow (Bastian) – wersja wektorowa - This W3C-unspecified vector image was created with Inkscape by Bastianowa (Bastiana) based on English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0,
By HENRYK NOWODWORSKI (1875- 1930) - Encyclopedia Dzieje narodu i państwa polskiego t. III (Feliks Tych Rok 1905), Wyd. KAW, Warsaw, Domena publiczna,
Музыка
Malmo Sunrise by The 126ers
Dance of Deception by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (
Source:
Artist:
Overcome by Ugonna Onyekwe
Exhale by Jeremy Blake
Автозакордон зимой и летом
в социальных сетях
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Tumblr:
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YouTube:
email: travelling.by.cars@gmail.com
Kazan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:20 1 Etymology
00:02:24 2 History
00:02:33 2.1 Middle Ages
00:05:12 2.2 Russian Tsardom period
00:06:23 2.3 Russian Empire period
00:08:12 2.4 Soviet period
00:09:16 2.5 Modern period
00:09:54 2.5.1 Millennium of Kazan
00:11:03 3 Heraldry
00:12:35 4 Administrative and municipal status
00:13:04 4.1 City divisions
00:13:16 5 Economy
00:14:03 5.1 Investments
00:15:43 6 Transportation
00:15:52 6.1 Cycling
00:16:36 6.2 Public transit
00:17:03 6.2.1 Bus
00:17:42 6.2.2 Tram
00:18:10 6.2.3 Trolleybus
00:18:42 6.2.4 Metro
00:19:07 6.3 Railways
00:19:48 6.4 Waterways
00:20:05 6.5 Highways
00:20:41 6.6 Intercity buses
00:21:11 6.7 Kazan International Airport
00:22:20 7 Demographics
00:22:29 7.1 Population
00:22:57 7.2 Ethnicity
00:23:20 7.3 Religion
00:23:38 7.4 Languages
00:23:55 8 Geography
00:24:04 8.1 Climate
00:24:54 9 Central Kazan
00:25:02 9.1 Kremlin
00:26:06 9.1.1 Towers
00:28:49 9.2 Bistä, or Posad
00:29:47 9.3 Wooden Kazan
00:30:28 9.4 Other major buildings
00:31:28 10 Cityscape
00:31:37 11 Education and science
00:31:46 11.1 Primary and secondary education
00:32:23 11.2 Higher education
00:33:43 11.3 Science
00:34:48 11.4 Public health
00:35:32 12 Government and administration
00:35:41 12.1 Mayor
00:35:49 12.2 City Duma
00:36:05 12.3 Executive committee
00:36:20 12.4 Government of the Republic of Tatarstan
00:36:39 13 Communication
00:38:31 14 Sports
00:39:15 14.1 Notable athletes
00:39:54 14.2 Infrastructure
00:40:43 14.3 Important events
00:41:41 15 International relations
00:42:41 15.1 Branch offices of embassies
00:42:53 15.2 Consulates
00:43:05 15.3 Visa centers
00:43:34 15.4 Twin towns and sister cities
00:43:49 15.5 International organizations membership
00:43:59 15.6 Other organizations
00:44:07 16 Notable people
00:44:40 17 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9386973176191724
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kazan (; Russian: Каза́нь, IPA: [kɐˈzanʲ]; Tatar: Казан) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. With a population of 1,243,500, it is the sixth most populous city in Russia.
Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia, about 715 kilometres (444 mi) east from Moscow. In the Late Middle Ages, Kazan was an important trade and political center within the Golden Horde. In 1438, the city became the capital of the Khanate of Kazan. In 1552, Kazan was captured by Ivan the Terrible and became part of Russia. The city was largely destroyed during Pugachev's Rebellion, but was later rebuilt during the reign of Catherine the Great. In the following centuries, Kazan grew to become a major industrial, cultural and religious center in Russia.
Kazan is renowned for its vibrant mix of Oriental and Russian cultures. In 2015, 2.1 million tourists visited Kazan, and 1.5 million tourists visited the Kazan Kremlin, a World Heritage Site. In April 2009, the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the right to brand itself as the Third Capital of Russia. In 2009 it was chosen as the sports capital of Russia and it still is referred to as such.
Three days that shook the world in August 1991
Summery: A short historical documentary made by Russia Today.Early morning In August 1991, when the first and the last president of USSR MIkhail Gorbachev was absent in Moscow, army plotters tried to make a reactionary coup against Gorbachev's perestroika. Moscow citizens fought for the sake of their rights and freedom, and after 3 days the planed coup was failed. Boris Yeltsin declared that the reactionary coup has failed and thanked the defenders of the White House. Interviewees who remember the days tell what happened then. This documentary shows also views of Gorbachev's luxury summer residence near the village of Foros in Ukraine, which is now the property of Ukraine but being rarely used by top-officials now.
Location: Moscow, Russia; Foros, Ukraine
Date Shot: August 15, 2011
Duration: 24:55
Original source and license:FreeVideo.RT.com
KGB | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
KGB
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (Russian: Комите́т госуда́рственной безопа́сности (КГБ), IPA: [kəmʲɪˈtʲet ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪnːəj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ] (listen)), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991. As a direct successor of such preceding agencies as Cheka, NKGB, NKVD and MGB, the committee was attached to the Council of Ministers. It was the chief government agency of union-republican jurisdiction, acting as internal security, intelligence and secret police. Similar agencies were constituted in each of the republics of the Soviet Union aside from Russia, and consisted of many ministries, state committees and state commissions.
The agency was a military service governed by army laws and regulations, in the same fashion as the Soviet Army or MVD Internal Troops. While most of the KGB archives remain classified, two online documentary sources are available. Its main functions were foreign intelligence, counter-intelligence, operative-investigatory activities, guarding the State Border of the USSR, guarding the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government, organization and ensuring of government communications as well as combating nationalism, dissent, and anti-Soviet activities.
In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the KGB was split into the Federal Security Service and the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation.
After breaking away from Georgia in the early 1990s with Russian help, the self-proclaimed Republic of South Ossetia established its own KGB (keeping this unreformed name). Russia's current head of state, Vladimir Putin, worked at the KGB in Leningrad.
Slavoj Žižek & Stephen Kotkin - Stalin: Paradoxes of Power - Mar. 2015
Slavoj Žižek & Stephen Kotkin - Stalin: Paradoxes of Power.
This a brilliant talk where both Žižek and Kotkin show their in-depth knowledge of early Soviet years.
For a transcript, please go to:
Consider subscribing to my channel:
Zizek's latest book 'Disparities' is now available on Amazon:
For UK viewers:
And for German viewers: #Slavoj, #Zizek
Floral Tribute Paid to Martyrs of Soviet Army - Pyongyang, North Korea
Pyongyang, August 15 (KCNA) -- Wreaths were placed before the Liberation Tower Saturday, the 70th anniversary of Korea's liberation.
Present at the wreath-laying ceremony were An Tong Chun, vice-chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly, Kim Hyong Ryong, Army Col. General of the Korean People's Army, Kung Sok Ung, vice-minister of Foreign Affairs, officials concerned and other people in the city.
Also present there were a delegation of the Russian Federation Council headed by Vice-Chairman Yevgeni Bushmin, a delegation of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation led by Aleksandr Lapin, first vice commander and chief of staff of the Eastern Military District of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, charge d'affaires a.i. Alexandr Minaev and staff members of the Russian embassy here and Russian guests staying in the DPRK.
A wreath in the joint name of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea and the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly and the Cabinet of the DPRK was laid before the tower.
Also placed were wreaths in the names of the Ministry of the People's Armed Forces, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of External Economic Relations, the Korean Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, the DPRK-Russia Friendship Association and the Pyongyang City People's Committee.
Wreaths in the names of a delegation of the Russian Federation Council, a delegation of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Russian embassy were also placed.
Officials of the Russian embassy and working people of the city placed bouquets and flowers.
The participants offered silent tribute to the soldiers of the Soviet Army who fell in the battles for the liberation of Korea, before looking round the tower.
Laid at the cemetery of martyrs of the Soviet Army in Sadong District were wreaths in the joint name of the Central Committee of the WPK, the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly and the Cabinet and in the names of the Ministry of the People's Armed Forces, the Foreign Ministry, the Ministry of External Economic Relations, the Korean Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, the DPRK-Russia Friendship Association, the Pyongyang City People's Committee, the delegations of the Russian Federation Council and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Russian embassy.
Earlier, officials of the embassy laid bouquets before liberation towers, statues of Soviet soldiers, cemeteries of fallen fighters and monuments to memory of fallen soldiers in local areas.
And members of the consul general of the Russian Federation in Chongjin also put wreaths at the Liberation Tower and the cemetery of martyrs of the Soviet Army in Chongjin.
Revolutions of 1989 | Wikipedia audio article
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Revolutions of 1989
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The Revolutions of 1989 formed part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond. The period is sometimes called the Autumn of Nations, a play on the term Spring of Nations that is sometimes used to describe the Revolutions of 1848.
The events of the full-blown revolution first began in Poland in 1989 and continued in Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Romania. One feature common to most of these developments was the extensive use of campaigns of civil resistance, demonstrating popular opposition to the continuation of one-party rule and contributing to the pressure for change. Romania was the only Eastern Bloc country whose citizens overthrew its Communist regime violently. Protests in Tiananmen Square (April–June 1989) failed to stimulate major political changes in China, but influential images of courageous defiance during that protest helped to precipitate events in other parts of the globe. On 4 June 1989, the trade union Solidarity won an overwhelming victory in a partially free election in Poland, leading to the peaceful fall of Communism in that country in the summer of 1989. Also in June 1989, Hungary began dismantling its section of the physical Iron Curtain, leading to an exodus of East Germans through Hungary, which destabilised East Germany. This led to mass demonstrations in cities such as Leipzig and subsequently to the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which served as the symbolic gateway to German reunification in 1990.
The Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991, resulting in eleven new countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan) which had declared their independence from the Soviet Union in the course of the year while the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) regained their independence in September 1991. The rest of the Soviet Union, which constituted the bulk of the area, became the Russian Federation in December 1991. Albania and Yugoslavia abandoned Communism between 1990 and 1992. By 1992, Yugoslavia had split into five successor states, namely Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was later renamed Serbia and Montenegro in 2003 and eventually split in 2006 into two states, namely Serbia and Montenegro. Serbia was then further split with the breakaway of the partially recognised state of Kosovo in 2008. Czechoslovakia dissolved three years after the end of Communist rule, splitting peacefully into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1992. The impact of these events made itself felt in several Socialist countries. Communism was abandoned in countries such as Cambodia (1991), Ethiopia (1990), Mongolia (which in 1990 democratically re-elected a Communist government that ran the country until 1996) and South Yemen (1990).
During the adoption of varying forms of market economy, there was a general decline in living standards for many former Communist countries. Political reforms were varied, but in only four countries were Communist parties able to retain a monopoly on power, namely China, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam (North Korea went through a constitutional change in 2009 that made it nominally no longer Communist, but still de facto organised on Stalinist lines). Many communist and socialist organisations in the West turned their guiding principles over to social democracy and democratic socialism. Communist parties in Italy and San Marino suffered and the reformation of the Italian political class took place in the early 1990s. In South America, the Pink tide had instead begun, starting with Venezuela in 1999 and sweeping through the early 2000s. The European political landscape changed drastically, with several former Eastern Bloc countries joining NATO and ...
Q&A session, A Conversation with Vladimir Putin: Continued 2011 (English Subtitles)
15 December 2011
Transcript
Russian
English
Soviet Ground Defense The Ground Effect Systems 11/18
Awesome military soviet ground defense forces documentary..The Ground Effect Full Length.
This 18-episode series is a complete story of Russian aircraft. Every type of aircraft featured in this series: fighters, bombers, reconnaissance and attack aircraft, transport and passenger.
All about the Moscow Air Defense Systems.
Russian Air Defence complex | Various scenes of Russian air defense troops exercises: fighters, pilots prepare for a start, soldiers operate military engineering..
Protests In The Ukraine Grow Bigger By Thousands
Hundreds of thousands of people have taken to the streets in the Ukrainian capital Kiev seeking the resignation of the government for refusing a deal on closer ties with the European Union.
Protesters, who oppose a customs union with Russia, toppled a statue of Lenin and smashed it with hammers.
President Viktor Yanukovych has said he shelved the EU deal after Russian opposition.
Protest leaders have given him 48 hours to dismiss the government.
As darkness fell, protesters were blockading key government buildings with cars, barricades and tents.
Witnesses said a group of protesters toppled the statue of Soviet leader Lenin at the top of Shevchenko's Boulevard using metal bars and ropes and then began smashing it up with hammers.
Others stood by chanting glory to Ukraine.
Any signature to a deal on forming a new Soviet Union means the breakup of the country
Arseniy Yatsenyuk Opposition politician
Correspondents say the statue has symbolic importance as it underlines Ukraine's shared history with Russia.
'A razor's edge'
In another development on Sunday, the Ukrainian Security Service said it was investigating some politicians on suspicion of what it called actions aimed at seizing state power.
It did not name the politicians.
Amid rising tensions, the European Commission said EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton would travel to Ukraine this week to support a way out of the political crisis.
Waving EU and Ukrainian flags, protesters on Sunday congregated on Kiev's Independence Square - the scene of previous clashes with police.
Ukraine's special police force, Berkut, has been widely condemned for beating protesters in the square - known as Maidan.
The opposition party of jailed former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko has urged people to chase the president until he falls.
We are on a razor's edge between a final plunge into cruel dictatorship and a return home to the European community, Mrs Tymoshenko said in a message to the crowd read out by her daughter.
Don't give in, not a step back, don't give up, the future of Ukraine is in your hands, the message read.
Another opposition leader, Oleh Tyahnybok, said: It's not just a simple revolution. It's a revolution of dignity.
Opposition MP Serhiy Pashynskyy said that starting from today and until our demands are met, the government quarter will be blocked with protest rallies.
Analysts say that although the protests were sparked by President Yanukovych's U-turn on the EU deal, many on the streets want rid of what they believe is a corrupt system.
The protests are the largest since the pro-democracy Orange Revolution in 2004.
A smaller pro-government rally was held close to the opposition march with police separating the two.
Energy dispute
Both Russia and Ukraine denied that the issue of Kiev joining the customs union along with Belarus and Kazakhstan came up during the Putin-Yanukovych meeting in Sochi, in southern Russia, on Friday.
Correspondents had earlier speculated that an agreement on Ukraine joining the customs union might be reached in return for reduced energy prices.
The two neighbours have also been trying to resolve a long-running dispute over energy supplies.
Ukraine depends on imports of Russian gas, but the supplier, Gazprom, has recently complained that Kiev had fallen behind in payments.
Disputes over supplies to Ukraine before 2009 saw Gazprom temporarily cutting off supplies.
Pipelines passing through Ukraine also pump Russian gas to many EU member states.
Any signature to a deal on forming a new Soviet Union means the breakup of the country, said Arseniy Yatsenyuk, a prominent opposition member.
North Korea Calls For a New Effort Towards Reunification [English]
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) calls for a new effort towards reunification of Korea during 2017. Video, courtesy: Uriminzokkiri, 2017.