Museum of Occupation, Riga Latvia
The Museum of Occupation is next to the Tourist Information Office in Riga with free admittance. It is depressing but a traveler would be negligent not to learn about a country's history. Poor Latvia underwent 51 years of occupation. First the Soviets, then Nazis, then Soviets once again. Inhuman conditions and brutal Siberian exile for entire families. It's no wonder the older people in the Baltics don't smile. They've been repressed for their entire lives.
It is estimated that over 6 million people died in the Russian gulags!
Courland ''Kurzeme'' Region Monuments
Welcome to Courland Kurzeme Region Sights
Through these many pages and photographs, TheCeļotājs will take you on a excursion of some of the many sights Courland Regions has to offer.
Scattered through out Latvia and Courland Region we can find and will see monuments and memorials of different shapes and styles dedicated to events of the past. While traveling through out Courland Region we will see monuments and memorials dedicated to Virga parish -- Commemorative Stone of the Repressed People of Virga parish, that in 1941 and 1949 Virga parish people were Deportation to Siberia, Durbes parish -- Memorial for Deported Persons and Persons who fought against Soviets, Kalni, Nigrande parish -- Memorial Ensemble to The Deported People krusta ceļš Way of the Cross, Skrunda parish -- Memorial Carriage and Exhibit to the 1941 and 1941 Deportations, Jūrkalne parish -- Monument in Remembrance of 58 people of Jurkalne who were killed, died, and are missing in Revolution of 1905, World War I and Latvian Freedom Fights, Aizpute parish -- Monument to the 1905 Russian Revolution, Monument to the Latvian Legion, Grobiņas parish -- Monument proclaiming that At this point, the 1907 August 17 Revolutionary Ernesta Rolavs was shot dead, Durbes parish Town Monuments, ĀDOLFS VALTERS Latvian Freedom Fighter and Second Members of the Saeima, Monument to Arvidam Manfeildam who drained 100000 Hectors of land.
Pope Francis arrives in Riga on latest leg of visit to Baltic states
(24 Sep 2018) Pope Francis arrived in Latvia on Monday on the third and final day of his visit to the Baltic countries to mark their 100th anniversaries of independence.
The main aim of Francis' visit is to encourage the Catholic faith in the Baltics, which saw five decades of Soviet-imposed religious repression and state-sponsored atheism.
Latvian President Raimonds Vejonis welcomed the Pope at the airport in Riga on Monday morning.
The two will meet later in the day at a ceremony at Riga Castle.
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Russia: Monument to Stalin erected in Siberia
1. W/S Unveiling of Stalin monument in Yakutsk
2. M/S Bust of Stalin outside offices of Almazy Anabara
3. W/S Supporters with flowers for Stalin's bust
4. M/S Matvey Evseev (far right) stands with Communist Party members and
WWII veterans near the bust of former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin
5. W/S Hundreds of supporters celebrate the erection of the statue
6. M/S Evseev and officials depart
SCRIPT
Russia: Monument to Stalin erected in Siberia
A new statue of former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin was unveiled in Yakutsk,
capital of the autonomous Republic of Sakha-Yakutia in Russia's Far East,
on Wednesday.
The 2.5 metre high bust was erected near the offices of Almazy Anabara - a
subsidiary of Russian diamond giant AK Alrosa, one of the world's largest
rough diamond producers.
It is the latest of three monuments to Stalin built in the mineral rich
Republic, whose autonomous status that was granted by Stalin lead to the
development of a Yakuttian written language.
Following from Stalin's programme of industrialisation in the 1930s,
industrial mining became the backbone of the remote republic's riches,
which include large reserves of diamonds, gold, oil, gas, and coal.
Last year, Alrosa signed a $60 million deal with luxury US jeweller Tiffany
& Co.
The unveiling of the Stalin bust went ahead without objection from city
officials and was attended by Almazy Anabara's general manager Matvey
Evseev, Communist Party members, and WWII veterans ahead of Victory Day in
Russia, whereby the defeat of Nazi Germany by the Soviet Red Army will be
celebrated on Thursday.
KGB abandoned monster building in Moscow
11 october 2015, Moscow region, Russia.
Video by Sony ActionCam AS100
No Good Deed Goes Unpunished! Boats Seeking Refugee From Storm Now Poaching in Russian Waters!
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Typhoon Lingling that struck the Far East resulted in nearly half a thousand foreign fishing boats entering Primorsky Krai bays. They were waiting for the storm to end. When it finally ended, they were to leave Russian waters. However, some fishers decided to stay and fish.
Pope Francis visits Latvia's most important Catholic shrine at Aglona
(24 Sep 2018) Pope Francis praised Latvians on Monday for persevering through the horrors of Soviet and Nazi occupation, persecution and exile, and urged them to keep their Christian faith alive as subsequent generations confront new oppressions today.
During his homily outside the rain-drenched Mother of God basilica, at Latvia's most important Catholic shrine at Aglona, Francis said that sometimes we see a return to ways of thinking that would have us be suspicious of others, or would show us with statistics that we would be better off, more prosperous and more secure just by ourselves.
All of us may recommit ourselves to welcoming one another without discrimination, he told the faithful who stood through rain showers awaiting his arrival.
The basilica, near the southeastern border with Russia, is home to an important icon of the Virgin Mary that draws pilgrims from across the Baltics and Russia each year.
Francis is visiting Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to mark their 100th anniversaries of independence and to encourage the faith in the Baltics, which saw five decades of Soviet-imposed religious repression and state-sponsored atheism.
In addition, the Nazi occupation nearly exterminated their Jewish populations.
Latvia's population of some 2 million is about a quarter Lutheran, with Catholic and Orthodox minorities.
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Latvian pilgrims delighted with Pope's visit to their Baltic nation
(24 Sep 2018) Pope Francis on Monday visited Latvia's most important Catholic shrine in Aglona, near the southeastern border with Russia.
Local and international residents welcomed Francis as he rode through crowds in his popemobile before giving Holy Mass at the Aglona sanctuary.
Francis is visiting Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to mark their 100th anniversaries of independence and to encourage the faith in the Baltics, which saw five decades of Soviet-imposed religious repression and state-sponsored atheism.
In addition, the Nazi occupation nearly exterminated their Jewish populations.
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Estonian Ministry Wants to Ban “Trojan Horse” Ukrainian Migrants!
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The Estonian minister of the interior stated that it's necessary to cancel the visa-free regime for Ukrainian citizens. Mart Helme promised to introduce this initiative to the parliament because of the large number of arriving labor migrants. According to him, the Baltic republic should be able to decide whom and for how long to admit independently.
Estonia: Waffen-SS veterans mark anniversary of 'Battle of Tannenberg Line'
Estonian WWII veterans who fought for the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS attended a remembrance ceremony in Sinimae, Saturday, to mark the anniversary of the Battle of Tannenberg Line. The battle was fought between Nazi and Red Army troops from July 25 until August 10, 1944. The division was a unit of the Nazi's Waffen SS in German-occupied Estonia during World War II.
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Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina was the military occupation, by the Soviet Red Army, during June 28 – July 4, 1940, of the Romanian regions of Northern Bukovina and Hertza, and of Bessarabia, a region under Romanian administration since Russian Civil War times. These regions, with a total area of 50,762 km2 (19,599 sq mi) and a population of 3,776,309 inhabitants, were subsequently incorporated into the USSR.The Soviet Union had planned to accomplish the annexation with a full-scale invasion, but the Romanian government, responding to a Soviet ultimatum delivered on June 26, agreed to withdraw from the territories in order to avoid a military conflict. Germany, which had acknowledged the Soviet interest in Bessarabia in a secret protocol to the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, had been made aware prior to the planned ultimatum on June 24, but had not informed the Romanian authorities, nor were they willing to provide support. The Fall of France, a guarantor of Romania's borders, on 22 June, is considered an important factor in the Soviet decision to issue the ultimatum.On August 2, 1940, the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed as a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, encompassing most of Bessarabia, as well as a portion of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, an autonomous republic of the Ukrainian SSR located on the left bank of the Dniester (now the breakaway Transnistrian state). The Hertza region, and the regions inhabited by Slavic majorities (Northern Bukovina, Northern and Southern Bessarabia) were included in the Ukrainian SSR. A period of political persecution, including executions, deportations to labour camps and arrests, occurred during the Soviet administration.
In July 1941, Romanian and German troops recaptured Bessarabia during the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. A military administration was established and the region's Jewish population was either executed on the spot or deported to Transnistria, where further numbers were killed. In August 1944, during the Soviet Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, the Axis war effort on the Eastern Front collapsed. A coup d'état in Romania on 23 August 1944 caused the Romanian army to cease resisting the Soviet advance and join the fight against Germany. Soviet forces advanced from Bessarabia into Romania, capturing much of its standing army as POWs and occupying the country. On September 12, 1944, Romania signed the Moscow Armistice with the Allies. The Armistice, as well as the subsequent peace treaty of 1947, confirmed the Soviet-Romanian border as it was on January 1, 1941.Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and Hertza remained part of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991, when they became part of the newly independent states of Moldova and Ukraine. In its declaration of independence of August 27, 1991, the government of Moldova condemned the creation of the Moldavian SSR, declaring that it had no legal basis.
Estonia in World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:52 1 Preface
00:03:09 1.1 Kellogg-Briand Pact
00:03:32 1.2 Non-aggression treaty
00:03:46 1.3 The Convention for the Definition of Aggression
00:04:35 1.4 Declaration of neutrality
00:05:27 1.5 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
00:06:37 2 The beginning of World War II
00:10:39 3 Soviet occupation
00:17:53 3.1 Soviet terror
00:20:55 3.2 Soviet repression of ethnic Russians
00:21:46 3.3 Historical Soviet sources
00:25:30 4 Summer War
00:30:05 4.1 Damages
00:32:49 5 German occupation
00:36:52 5.1 The Holocaust
00:41:02 6 Estonian military units in 1941–1943
00:41:16 6.1 Estonian units in German forces
00:44:18 6.2 Estonian Rifle Corps in the Red Army
00:46:11 7 Battles in 1944
00:48:14 7.1 Formation of bridgeheads in Narva
00:50:00 7.2 Narva Offensives, February and March
00:54:15 7.3 Sinimäed Hills
00:56:39 7.4 Southeastern Estonia
00:59:15 7.5 Baltic Offensive
01:01:57 8 Attempt to restore independence
01:03:40 9 Soviet return
01:07:39 10 Controversies
01:07:53 10.1 The position of the European Court of Human Rights
01:09:44 10.2 The position of the Estonian government
01:10:48 10.3 The position of the Russian government
01:11:48 10.4 Positions of the veterans
01:13:09 11 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8758266150043176
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Before the outbreak of the Second World War, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, concerning the partition and disposition of sovereign states, including Estonia, and in particular its Secret Additional Protocol of August 1939.The Republic of Estonia declared neutrality in the war but fell under the Soviet sphere of influence due to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940. Mass political arrests, deportations, and executions followed. In the Summer War during the German Operation Barbarossa in 1941, the pro-independence Forest Brothers captured South Estonia from the NKVD and the 8th Army before the arrival of the German 18th Army. At the same time, Soviet paramilitary destruction battalions carried out punitive operations, including looting and killing, based on the tactics of scorched earth proclaimed by Joseph Stalin. Estonia was occupied by Germany and incorporated into Reichskommissariat Ostland.
In 1941, Estonians were conscripted into the 8th Estonian Rifle Corps and in 1941–1944 to the Nazi German forces. Men who avoided these mobilisations fled to Finland to be formed into the Finnish Infantry Regiment 200. About 40% of the Estonian pre-war fleet was requisitioned by British authorities and used in Atlantic convoys. Approximately 1000 Estonian sailors served in the British Merchant Navy, 200 of them as officers. A small number of Estonians served in the Royal Air Force, in the British Army and in the U.S. Army.From February to September 1944, the German army detachment Narwa held back the Soviet Estonian Operation. After breaching the defence of II Army Corps across the Emajõgi river and clashing with the pro-independence Estonian troops, Soviet forces reoccupied mainland Estonia in September 1944. After the war, Estonia remained incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR until 1991, although the Atlantic Charter stated that no territorial arrangements would be made.
World War II losses in Estonia, estimated at around 25% of the population, were among the highest proportion in Europe. War and occupation deaths listed in the current reports total at 81,000. These include deaths in Soviet deportations in 1941, Soviet executions, German deportations, and victims of the Holocaust in Estonia.
Pope Francis welcomed by Estonia's president in Tallinn
(25 Sep 2018) Pope Francis arrived in Tallinn on Tuesday where he was greeted at a welcoming ceremony by Estonian president Kersti Kaljulaid on the fourth day of his Baltic pilgrimage.
The visit to Estonia marks the last stage of Francis' trip to the Baltics, often considered one of the least religious areas in the world.
Later, Francis is expected to preside over a youth gathering before celebrating Mass in Tallinn's Freedom Square for a Catholic community that numbers only 6,000 people.
Between a half and two-thirds of Estonia's 1.3 million people profess no religious affiliation, with the Lutheran and Russian Orthodox churches counting the most followers of those who do.
Francis is aiming to encourage the Christian faith in the Baltics, which saw five decades of Soviet-imposed religious repression and state-sponsored atheism.
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People gather at Vilnius cathedral to welcome Pope Francis
(22 Sep 2018) Pope Francis began on a rainy Saturday a four-day visit to the Baltics that will take him to Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to mark the 100th anniversaries of their independence.
He will look to encourage the Catholic faith in these nations, which saw five decades of Soviet-imposed religious repression and state-sponsored atheism.
Many Catholic faithfully travelled to Vilnius from neighboring Poland to see the Pope in Vilnius.
The trip will feature encounters with political leaders as well as the Catholic, Lutheran and Russian Orthodox faithful.
The three countries, which each have ethnic Russian minorities, are also in lockstep in sounding alarms about Moscow's military maneuvers in the Baltic Sea area, following Russia's 2014 annexation of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula and its support of separatists fighting the Ukrainian government in eastern Ukraine.
The Vatican, however, has been loath to openly criticize Moscow or its powerful Orthodox Church.
While seeking to avoid offense, Francis will likely praise the sacrifices of those who fought for independence a century ago during Russia's revolution, and suffered again during Soviet rule.
Of the three countries Francis will visit, only Lithuania is majority Catholic, with about 80 percent of its population practicing the faith.
The trip, featuring Francis' fondness for countries on the periphery, will be a welcome break for the Argentine pope.
His credibility has taken a blow recently following missteps on the church's priestly sex abuse scandal and recent allegations that he covered up for an American cardinal.
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Pope Francis Began a Four-Day Visit to the Baltic Countries
Pope Francis has started his tour of the Baltics, with the first stop in Vilnius. Looming in the background of his visit - constant reminders of Soviet religious repression and modern day Russian aggression
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#News #Ukraine #UATV #Pope #Francis #PopeFrancis #Baltic #Catholicism
Another Latvian Mayor is Persecuted for Speaking Russian
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The mayor of Ventspils, Latvia might be charged with a fine for giving a speech in Russian. Aivars Lembergs is being investigated by the Latvian State Language Center. The mayor's fault is in addressing Russian-speaking theater-goers in Russian, without translation. This isn't the first case of such matter. Riga's mayor, Nils Usakovs, has been charged with publicly speaking Russian several times. This includes posting in Russian on social networks.
History: UKRAINE
Crimea:
Cossacks helped Russia get Crimea from Turkey 39:43
Donbas (East) 56:55
Crimea turned over to Ukraine 2:16:28
Russia 12:46 / 31:16
UKRAINE - THE BIRTH OF A NATION (2008) / A Jerzy Hoffman Film
1:34 Kyiv (401 - 500)
2:16 Byzantium (330–1453)
2:45 Princess Olga (890 - 969) adopted Christianity
3:28 Chersonesus in Crimea
4:06 Volodymyr the Great (958 - 1015)
4:29 Prince Yaroslav the Wise (978 - 1054)
4:39 Saint Sophia's Cathedral (1100)
5:31 Anna the Queen of France (1030 – 1075)
6:41 Volodymyr II Monomakh (1053-1125)
7:20 Yuri Dolgorukiy (1099 - 1157)
7:26 Moscow
7:37 The Mongols
10:16 The Principality of Galicia–Volhynia or Kingdom of Rus
10:49 Lviv
12:37 Ivan III of Russia (1440-1505)
12:46 The myth about Russia
13:07 Crimea
13:53 Roxolana (1502 – 1558)
15:20 serfdom (Polish oppression)
15:40 printing press
17:14 Zaporizhian Sich
18:33 Ukraine replaces the name Rus
18:40 cossack
20:15 Brest Union
20:18 The uniates
21:08 Hetman Sagaidachny (1570 - 1622)
23:05 Orthodoxy
23:28 Yarema Vyshnevetsky (1612 – 1651)
23:31 Catholicism
24:54 Bohdan Khmelnytsky (1595 – 1657)
30:04 The Pereyaslav Council -------------------------------------------------1654
34:39 Ivan Mazepa (1639 - 1709)
37:06 The Battle of Poltava on 27 June 1709
40:11 Zaporizhian Sich (1552-1709)
40:27 Solovki
French Revolution--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1789
47:03 Dumy - historical ballads
48:18 Greek Catholic Church banned
48:49 Kyiv University (1833)
49:48 The Order of Basilian Fathers
50:55 Taras Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) (age 47)
54:57 Blue and yellow banner
55:45 The Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood
56:32 national liberation movement
56:55 Crimean War ----------------------------------------------------- 1853 to 1856
57:07 Alexander II (1818 - 1881) abolished serfdom
57:26 city of Donetsk (1868)
58:56 Green wedge
59:23 Volodymyr Antonovych (1834 - 1908)
59:28 Mykhailo Drahomanov (1841-1895 )
1:00:42 Lesya Ukrainka (1871 - 1913) (aged 42)
1:02:13 The Shevchenko Scientific Society (1873 )
1:11:03 Mykhailo Hrushevsky
1:03:27 Ivan Franko (1856 - 1916)
1:04:22 History of Ukraine-Ruthenia
1:04:49 Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky (1865 - 1944) 1:45:42
1:06:31 World War I------------------------------------------------------------------1914
1:07:32 Dmitro Dontsov (1883 - 1973)
1:07:57 (1914) Russian occupation
1:11:24 Symon Petliura
1:11:24 West Ukrainian People's Republic
1:19:27 Ukrainian Galician Army
1:23:30 Nestor Makhno
1:30:48 The Russian famine ----------------------------------------------------1921
1:41:21 Ukr National Democratic Alliance, (UNDO)
1:42:20 Ukr Sich Riflemen
1:42:43 (UVO) Ukr Military Organization
1:42:51 Yevhen Konovalets
1:43:10 Dmytro Dontsov
1:44:01 The Organization of Ukr Nationalists (OUN)
1:44:52 (1933) Stepan Bandera head of OUN
1:47:07 Avgustyn Voloshyn
1:47:33 Melnyk's and Bandera's
1:39:06 collectivization (1939)
1:38:55 *** ???????????????????????????? ????????????????: !!! ???????????????????? 1:39:33
World War II ----------------------------------------------------------------(1939 - 1945)
1:51:24 The Nachtigall Battalion (Nightingale)
1:51:43 Independent Ukr State
1:44:50 Stepan Bandera (1909 – 1959) -----------------------------------1933
Between Hitler & Stalin: Ukraine in World War II
Wehrmacht Saves Innocent Civilians In Ukraine 1941
1:53:42 Babi Yar
1:55:40 partisan warfare
1:44:01 Organization of Ukr Nationalists (OUN)
1:57:42 Roman Shukhevych
1:58:37 Volyn
1:58:57 UPA - Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2:00:04 ethnic cleansing (1943)
2:02:32 SS Galicia Division
2:02:33 Banderavists (Bandera) split of OUN (former UVO) 1:47:26
2:02:25 Melnykovites (Melnyk)
2:02:57 SS Galicia crushed by the Red Army
2:04:51 Nikita Khrushchev
2:05:21 Joseph Stalin
1:39:56 RUSYN replaced the term Ukrainian
2:06:14 Gulag
2:06:31 Yalta
2:10:30 Operation Vistula (Polish: Akcja Wisła)
2:12:00 The Greek Catholic Church abolishment
2:12:21 Josyf Slipyj (1893 - 1984)
1:49:25 annexation of the Western Ukraine
2:16:33 turning Crimea over to Ukraine
2:18:25 Thaw (early 1950s to the early 1960s)
2:30:09 (April 26 1986) - Chornobyl disaster
2:35:30 Rukh - Movement
2:37:29 (1991) Declaration of Sovereignty of Ukraine
1:13:48 The Ukr People's Republic of 1918 - 1920
2:50:29 The Orange Revolution (2004)
Schutzstaffel | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:57 1 Origins
00:03:05 1.1 Forerunner of the SS
00:05:12 1.2 Early commanders
00:07:04 1.3 Himmler appointed
00:10:17 1.4 Ideology
00:15:08 2 Pre-war Germany
00:20:43 2.1 Hitler's personal bodyguards
00:24:49 2.2 Concentration camps founded
00:27:04 3 SS in World War II
00:28:27 3.1 Invasion of Poland
00:32:02 3.2 Battle of France
00:35:20 3.3 Campaign in the Balkans
00:37:19 4 War in the east
00:40:00 4.1 The Holocaust
00:42:43 4.2 Anti-partisan operations
00:45:03 4.3 Death camps
00:48:28 5 Business empire
00:54:11 6 Military reversals
00:55:10 6.1 Normandy landings
00:59:06 6.2 Battle for Germany
01:04:52 7 SS units and branches
01:05:02 7.1 Reich Main Security Office
01:06:55 7.2 iSS-Sonderkommandos/i
01:10:09 7.3 iEinsatzgruppen/i
01:12:38 7.4 SS Court Main Office
01:13:53 7.5 SS Cavalry
01:16:16 7.6 SS Medical Corps
01:18:41 7.7 Other SS units
01:18:49 7.7.1 iAhnenerbe/i
01:19:38 7.7.2 iSS-Frauenkorps/i
01:20:48 7.7.3 iSS-Mannschaften/i
01:21:15 8 Foreign legions and volunteers
01:24:36 9 Ranks and uniforms
01:26:20 10 SS membership estimates 1925–45
01:27:00 11 SS offices
01:28:13 12 Austrian SS
01:30:51 13 Post-war activity and aftermath
01:32:52 13.1 International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg
01:35:14 13.2 Escapes
01:39:15 14 See also
01:39:37 15 Informational notes
01:39:46 16 Citations
01:39:56 17 Bibliography
01:40:05 18 Further reading
01:40:14 19 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.728179984151669
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as with Armanen runes; German pronunciation: [ˈʃʊtsˌʃtafl̩] (listen); literally Protection Squadron) was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II. It began with a small guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz (Hall Security) made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. In 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under his direction (1929–45) it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. From 1929 until the regime's collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, surveillance, and terror within Germany and German-occupied Europe.
The two main constituent groups were the Allgemeine SS (General SS) and Waffen-SS (Armed SS). The Allgemeine SS was responsible for enforcing the racial policy of Nazi Germany and general policing, whereas the Waffen-SS consisted of combat units within Nazi Germany's military. A third component of the SS, the SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), ran the concentration camps and extermination camps. Additional subdivisions of the SS included the Gestapo and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) organizations. They were tasked with the detection of actual or potential enemies of the Nazi state, the neutralization of any opposition, policing the German people for their commitment to Nazi ideology, and providing domestic and foreign intelligence.
The SS was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of an estimated 5.5 to 6 million Jews and millions of other victims in the Holocaust. Members of all of its branches committed war crimes and crimes against humanity during World War II (1939–45). The SS was also involved in commercial enterprises and exploited concentration camp inmates as slave labor. After Nazi Germany's defeat, the SS and the NSDAP were judged by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to be criminal organizations. Ernst Kaltenbrunner, the highest-ranking surviving SS main department chief, was found guilty of crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials and hanged in 1946.
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lithuanian SSR; Lithuanian: Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika; Russian: Литовская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Litovskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), one of the USSR republics that existed in 1940–1941 and 1944–1990, was formed on the basis of the Soviet occupation rule. It was also known as Soviet Lithuania. After 1946, its territory and borders mirrored those of today's Republic of Lithuania (with the exception of minor adjustments at the Belarusian border).
Established on 21 July 1940 as a puppet state, during World War II in the territory of the previously independent Republic of Lithuania after it had been occupied by the Soviet army on 16 June 1940, in conformity with the terms of the 23 August 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.
Between 1941 and 1944, the German invasion of the Soviet Union caused its de facto dissolution. However, with the retreat of the Germans in 1944–1945, Soviet hegemony was re-established, and existed for fifty years. As a result, many western countries (including the United States) continue to recognize Lithuania as an independent, sovereign de jure state subject to international law represented by the legations appointed by the pre-1940 Baltic states which functioned in various places through the Lithuanian Diplomatic Service.
On 18 May 1989, the Lithuanian SSR declared state sovereignty within its borders during perestroika. On 11 March 1990, the Republic of Lithuania was declared to be re-established as an independent state and the declaration (while considered illegal by the Soviet authorities) was recognized by Western powers immediately prior to the breakup of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union itself recognized Lithuanian independence on 6 September 1991.
Singing Revolution | Wikipedia audio article
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Singing Revolution
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- Socrates
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The Singing Revolution is a commonly used name for events between 1987 and 1991 that led to the restoration of the independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The term was coined by an Estonian activist and artist, Heinz Valk, in an article published a week after the 10–11 June 1988, spontaneous mass evening singing demonstrations at the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds.