Monument to the Warsaw Uprising Fighters

Warsaw, Poland Uprising Monuments dedicated to Jewish and Polish resistance fighters

Warsaw, Poland has seen many struggles through the centuries. This brief video looks at the monuments celebrating the WWII Jewish and Polish resistance monuments. Other monuments briefly shown are dedicated to Jan Karski; the Warsaw Mermaid in Old Town; Castle Square; and Nicholi Copernicus at the University of Warsaw.

Trump Visits Warsaw Uprising Monument

U.S. President Donald Trump made his emotional address to the Poles speaking at the foot of the metal-and-stone Monument to the Warsaw Uprising, a heroic but failed 1944 uprising by Poland's clandestine Home Army against the occupying Nazi Germans. At least 150,000 Poles — both fighters and civilians — died in the fierce street fighting in the uprising. As Trump's tight schedule during the brief visit Thursday to Warsaw did not include another key memorial of a dramatic struggle, the Monument to the Warsaw Ghetto Heroes, Ivanka Trump was there and laid flowers in homage to the fighters.



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The Warsaw Uprising - The Unstoppable Spirit of the Polish Resistance - Extra History

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The Polish are determined to make Poland matter on the world stage, and they will not wait for whatever mercies may come from the Russians. So the Home Army stages their own uprising to liberate Warsaw, and for some 60-odd days, their strongest members, the Grey Ranks, tragically held steadfast.
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Warsaw In Your Pocket - Monument to the Ghetto Heroes

Warsaw In Your Pocket editor Alex Webber at the Monument to the Ghetto Heroes (Pomnik Bohaterów Getta).
Designed by Natan Rappaport, the monument pays tribute to the heroes of the Ghetto Uprising of 1943. Found in a vast park between ul. Anielewicza, Zamenhofa, Lewartowskiego and Karmelicka it here that the heaviest fighting took place. In an ironic quirk, the stone cladding on the monument was originally ordered from Sweden by Hitler for a victory arch.

For more on the Warsaw Ghetto go to Warsaw In Your Pocket:

Monument to the Little Insurgent in Warsaw, Polish People' s Republic 1983

Warszawskie dzieci, pójdziemy w bój - za każdy kamień twój, stolico damy krew

Varsovian children, we'll head into battle - for every stone of yours, we shall give our blood

Despite the anticommunist Propaganda (it was not allowed to say the words Home Army, the soviets wanted the destruction of Warsaw, Stalin didn´t help Warsaw, and other lies) the History is here to teach us the truth.

The monument was designed by Jerzy Jarnuszkiewicz in 1946 , when he studied sculpture at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts , while working as a volunteer in the clearing of the city . The sculpture itself was created in the studio of the Capital Reconstruction Office . Jarnuszkiewicz received for his work, bearing the title Child-hero , a distinction in the competition for a sculpture commemorating the uprising organized by the Association of Polish Artists .

For many years, the Mały Powstaniec was known mainly for its numerous miniature copies, reminiscent of the days of the insurgent struggle in many families. They were distributed by the studio of Władysław Miecznik as the work of Jan Małeta . In 1979, the Warsaw court settled a dispute over the authorship of the sculpture, sometimes referred to as the Antique Spray , in favor of Jerzy Jarnuszkiewicz [1] .

The initiative of erecting the monument of the youngest participants of the Warsaw Uprising was made by scouts from Chorągwi Stołeczna ZHP im. Bohaterów Warszawy as part of the celebration of the 15th anniversary of granting the banner of the name. Jerzy Jarnuszkiewicz donated his project to scouts and prepared free documentation needed to make a cast at Zakłady Mechaniczne im. Marcela Nowotki in Warsaw. Money to cover the costs of work associated with setting and casting the monument (about 1 million zlotys ) were collected by the scouts.

The unveiling of the monument on October 1, 1983 took the form of a solemn scouting gathering. The unveiling was made by the scout-Warsaw insurgent Jerzy Świderski in the presence of hundreds of scouts from Warsaw and other Polish cities, as well as representatives of the authorities and residents of the capital. The honor of the youngest soldiers of the Warsaw Uprising [2] took the honor guard in front of the monument .

Monument został zaprojektowany przez Jerzego Jarnuszkiewicza w 1946, gdy studiował rzeźbiarstwo na warszawskiej Akademii Sztuk Pięknych, pracując równocześnie jako wolontariusz przy odgruzowywaniu miasta. Sama rzeźba powstała w pracowni Biura Odbudowy Stolicy. Jarnuszkiewicz otrzymał za swoje dzieło, noszące wówczas tytuł Dziecko-bohater, wyróżnienie w organizowanym przez Związek Polskich Artystów Plastyków konkursie na rzeźbę upamiętniającą powstanie.

Przez wiele lat Mały Powstaniec był znany głównie z licznych miniaturowych kopii, przypominających w wielu rodzinach o dniach powstańczej walki. Rozprowadzane były przez pracownię Władysława Miecznika jako dzieło Jana Małety. W 1979 warszawski sąd rozstrzygnął spór dotyczący autorstwa rzeźby, nazywanej niekiedy Antkiem Rozpylaczem, na korzyść Jerzego Jarnuszkiewicza[1].

Z inicjatywą wzniesienia pomnika najmłodszych uczestników powstania warszawskiego wystąpili harcerze z Chorągwi Stołecznej ZHP im. Bohaterów Warszawy w ramach obchodów 15. rocznicy nadania chorągwi imienia. Jerzy Jarnuszkiewicz ofiarował harcerzom swój projekt oraz przygotował nieodpłatnie dokumentację potrzebną do wykonania odlewu w Zakładach Mechanicznych im. Marcelego Nowotki w Warszawie. Pieniądze na pokrycie kosztów prac związanych z odlaniem i ustawieniem monumentu (około 1 mln złotych) zostały zebrane przez harcerzy.

Odsłonięcie pomnika 1 października 1983 przybrało formę uroczystej zbiórki harcerskiej. Odsłonięcia dokonał harcerz-powstaniec warszawski Jerzy Świderski w obecności setek harcerzy z Warszawy i innych miast Polski, a także przedstawicieli władz oraz mieszkańców stolicy. Wartę honorową przed pomnikiem zaciągnęli rówieśnicy najmłodszych żołnierzy powstania warszawskiego

Warsaw Ghetto Monument

Poland: Poles hold march on 73rd anniversary of Warsaw Uprising

Thousands of Poles took to the streets of Warsaw, on Tuesday, to honour the 73rd anniversary of the 'Warsaw Uprising'.

At 17:00 local time (15:00 GMT), sirens sounded across the city for two minutes, marking the hour that the fighting broke out on August 1, 1944; as the sirens sounded, some of the attendees held up lit flares.

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Poland: Thousands commemorate 1944 Warsaw Uprising against Nazi Germany

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Thousands gathered in Warsaw on Wednesday, to celebrate the 74th anniversary of a 63-day insurgent uprising against Nazi Germany back in 1944.

Thousands marched to the Royal Castle with Polish flags and flags of the WWII Underground State and Home Army in commemoration of the rebellion that ended with the defeat of the insurgents.

The bloody rebellion which took place in Warsaw, resulted to the death of around 18,000 fighters and over 180,000 civilians.

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Heroes of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 1943, Monument commissioned in 1948 in Polish People's Republic

Quote Brzask newspaper 21.4.2018:
Andrzej Duda, speaking during the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the Warsaw ghetto uprising, spoke of the aid that the polish organisations had given to the fighting ghetto.
He forgot to add that the greatest aid in the form of weapons flowed from the polish working party, and a large role in the ghetto conspiracy was communists.
President Duda showed hypocrisy. He officially declares respect for the Jewish resistance. The facts say something completely different. President Duda Praises-National Armed Forces, and supports dekomunizację in which street patronage in Warsaw was taken among other Joseph Lewartowskiemu.
Lewartowski, the creator of the block operating in the ghetto is one of the conspirators without which it would be impossible for an armed uprising against the Nazis to Lewartowskiego, in 1942 during the raid, they killed Germany, currently andrzej duda and pis kill the memory of slugger.
Fortunately, there were people resembling this hypocrisy. On April 19, after an independent celebration of anniversaries organised by improvement and social organizations, there were suspended plates with his name on the zdekomunizowanej street. There were flowers on the stone stone.

Andrzej Duda, przemawiając w trakcie uroczystości 75 rocznicy powstania w Getcie Warszawskim, wspominał o pomocy jakiej udzielały walczącym bojownikom Getta polskie organizacje konspiracyjne.
Zapomniał dodać, że największa pomoc w postaci broni płynęła od Polskiej Partii Robotniczej, a dużą rolę w konspiracji w getcie odgrywali komuniści.
Prezydent Duda pokazał hipokryzję. Oficjalnie deklaruje szacunek dla żydowskiego ruchu oporu. Fakty mówią o czymś zupełnie innym. Prezydent Duda chwali antysemickie Narodowe Siły Zbrojne, a także popiera dekomunizację w ramach której patronat ulicy w Warszawie odebrano między innymi Józefowi Lewartowskiemu.
Lewartowski, twórca Bloku Antyfaszystowskiego działającego w getcie to jeden z konspiratorów bez których udziału niemożliwy byłby wybuch zbrojnego powstania przeciwko nazistom.
Lewartowskiego, w roku 1942 podczas obławy, zabili Niemcy, obecnie Andrzej Duda i PiS zabijają pamięć o bojowniku.
Na szczęście znaleźli się ludzie przypominający o tej hipokryzji. 19 kwietnia, po niezależnych obchodach rocznicowych zorganizowanych przez antyfaszystów i organizacje społeczne, przy zdekomunizowanej ulicy Lewartowskiego zostały zawieszone tabliczki z jego imieniem. Na kamieniu upamiętniającym bojowców złożone zostały kwiaty.
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The monument was raised in the square bordered by Anielewicza Street, Karmelicka Street, Lewartowskiego Street and Zamenhofa Street. From August 1942 until the end of the Warsaw ghetto this was the last location of the Judenrat. Also the site witnessed several clashes between the Warsaw Ghetto Jewish partisans and the German and auxiliary troops.
The decision to build a monument to the Ghetto partisans was made as early as in 1944, by the Central Committee of Polish Jews in Lublin. The monument was designed by Leon Suzin.The first part of the monument, a small memorial tablet, was unveiled on April 16, 1946; the plaque was in a shape of a circle, with a palm leaf, a Hebrew letter B ב‬, and a Hebrew, Polish and Yiddish inscription: For those who fell in an unprecedented and heroic struggle for the dignity and freedom of the Jewish people, for a free Poland, and for the liberation of mankind. Polish Jews.It was also decided to build a larger monument in the future.
The new, larger monument, sculpted by Nathan Rapoport (who worked under the supervision of Suzin), was unveiled on April 19, 1948.The monument stands 11 meters (36 ft) tall. As Rapoport himself explained, the wall of the monument was designed to evoke not just the Ghetto walls, but also the Western Wall (Kotel) in Jerusalem. The great stones would thus have framed the memory of events in Warsaw in the iconographic figure of Judaism's holiest site. The western part of the monument shows a bronze group sculpture of insurgents - men, women and children, armed with guns and Molotov cocktails.The central standing figure of this frieze is that of Mordechai Anielewicz (1919 – 8 May 1943) who was the leader of Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (English: Jewish Combat Organization), also known as the ŻOB, during the uprising.
The eastern part of the monument shows the persecution of Jews at the hands of the Nazi German oppressors. The monument has a three-language sign: Jewish nation to its fighters and martyrs.The labradorite used in parts of the monument comes from the German supplies, ordered by Albert Speer in 1942 for planned Nazi German monuments.
After the Second World War, much of the fabric of the stone-and-granite of the Nazis Tannenberg Memorial was used to build the Soviet war memorial in Olsztyn, the Monument to the Ghetto Heroes in Warsaw, and for the new Communist Party headquarters in Warsaw.

Warsaw Uprising | Wikipedia audio article

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Warsaw Uprising

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- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
The Warsaw Uprising (Polish: powstanie warszawskie; German: Warschauer Aufstand) was a major World War II operation, in the summer of 1944, by the Polish underground resistance, led by the Home Army (Polish: Armia Krajowa), to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. The uprising was timed to coincide with the retreat of the German forces from Poland ahead of the Soviet advance. While approaching the eastern suburbs of the city, the Red Army temporarily halted combat operations, enabling the Germans to regroup and defeat the Polish resistance and to raze the city in reprisal. The Uprising was fought for 63 days with little outside support. It was the single largest military effort taken by any European resistance movement during World War II.The Uprising began on 1 August 1944 as part of a nationwide Operation Tempest, launched at the time of the Soviet Lublin–Brest Offensive. The main Polish objectives were to drive the Germans out of Warsaw while helping the Allies defeat Germany. An additional, political goal of the Polish Underground State was to liberate Poland's capital and assert Polish sovereignty before the Soviet-backed Polish Committee of National Liberation could assume control. Other immediate causes included a threat of mass German round-ups of able-bodied Poles for evacuation; calls by Radio Moscow's Polish Service for uprising; and an emotional Polish desire for justice and revenge against the enemy after five years of German occupation.Initially, the Poles established control over most of central Warsaw, but the Soviets ignored Polish attempts to make radio contact with them and did not advance beyond the city limits. Intense street fighting between the Germans and Poles continued. By 14 September, the eastern bank of the Vistula River opposite the Polish resistance positions was taken over by the Polish troops fighting under the Soviet command; 1,200 men made it across the river, but they were not reinforced by the Red Army. This, and the lack of air support from the Soviet air base five-minute flying time away, led to allegations that Joseph Stalin tactically halted his forces to let the operation fail and allow the Polish resistance to be crushed. Arthur Koestler called the Soviet attitude one of the major infamies of this war which will rank for the future historian on the same ethical level with Lidice.Winston Churchill pleaded with Stalin and Franklin D. Roosevelt to help Britain's Polish allies, to no avail. Then, without Soviet air clearance, Churchill sent over 200 low-level supply drops by the Royal Air Force, the South African Air Force, and the Polish Air Force under British High Command, in an operation known as the Warsaw Airlift. Later, after gaining Soviet air clearance, the U.S. Army Air Force sent one high-level mass airdrop as part of Operation Frantic.
Although the exact number of casualties is unknown, it is estimated that about 16,000 members of the Polish resistance were killed and about 6,000 badly wounded. In addition, between 150,000 and 200,000 Polish civilians died, mostly from mass executions. Jews being harboured by Poles were exposed by German house-to-house clearances and mass evictions of entire neighbourhoods. German casualties totalled over 2,000 soldiers killed and missing. During the urban combat, approximately 25% of Warsaw's buildings were destroyed. Following the surrender of Polish forces, German troops systematically levelled another 35% of the city block by block. Together with earlier damage suffered in the 1939 invasion of Poland and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943, over 85% of the city was destroyed by January 1945 when the course of the events in the Eastern Front forced the Germans to abandon the city.

Liberators of Warsaw and Europe from german beast, Soviet Military Cemetery WW2, Warsaw

Anyone who loves freedom owes such a debt to the Red Army that it can never be repaid. — Ernest Hemingway

Ku wiecznej chwale bohaterskich żołnierzy niezwyciężonej Armii radzieckiej, poległych w bojach z hitlerowskim najeźdźcą o wyzwolenie Polski i naszej stolicy Warszawy

προς αιωνία μνήμη των ηρωικών στρατιωτών του ανίκητου σοβιετικού στρατού που σκοτώθηκαν στον αγώνα ενάντια στους φασίστες εισβολείς και υπέρ της απελευθέρωσης της πολωνικής μας πρωτεύουσας, της Βαρσοβίας

Pamięci żołnierzy Armii Radzieckiej poległych o Wyzwolenie Polski spod Okupacji Niemieckiej w Latach 1944-1945.

Στην μνήμη των σρατιωτών του σοβιετικού στρατού που έπεσαν κατά την διάρκεια της απελευθέρωσης της Πολωνίας απο την γερμανική κατοχή τα χρόνια 1944-1945.

To the memory of the Soviet Army soldiers who fell while liberating Poland from German occupation in the years 1944-1945.
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Cmentarz został założony w latach 1949-1950, skrywa prochy 21 468[1] żołnierzy radzieckich 1 Frontu Białoruskiego, którzy polegli w walkach o Warszawę w latach 1944-1945. Ich prochy zostały ekshumowane z cmentarzy lokalnych oraz tymczasowych i przeniesione tu po 1949 roku. Nekropolię zaprojektowali Bohdan Lachert (ogólne założenie) i Władysław Niemirski (zieleń), ma ona charakter rozległego parku z elementami mauzoleum o powierzchni 19,2 ha[2]. Otwarto go w 5. rocznicę kapitulacji Niemiec.
Cmentarz był wielokrotnie dewastowany
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Кладбище-мавзолей советских воинов в Варшаве (польск. Cmentarz Mauzoleum Żołnierzy Radzieckich) — мемориальный комплекс в Варшаве, на котором похоронены 21 468 воинов Красной Армии, погибших в 1944—1945 при освобождении города от немецкой оккупации в ходе Варшавско-Познанской операции.
Открыт в 1950 году. Площадь 19,2 га. Установлен 38-метровый обелиск.
Находится по адресу: ул. Жвирки и Вигуры, 10, в районе Мокотув, по дороге из центра в аэропорт им. Фредерика Шопена.
Самое большое захоронение красноармейцев в Польше наряду с захоронениями в Бялобжегах, Пултуске и Миньске-Мазовецком. (Всего во время Второй мировой войны на территории Польши погибло более 600 тыс. советских солдат.)
Кладбище убирается за счет городских властей раз в два месяца.
17 января 2002, в день годовщины освобождения Варшавы от фашистских захватчиков (17 января 1945), президенты России и Польши Владимир Путин и Александр Квасьневский возложили на кладбище венки.
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The Soviet Military Cemetery in Warsaw, Poland, is the burial place of over 20,000 Soviet soldiers who died fighting against Nazi Germany. It contains one of the first major monuments to be built in Warsaw to those who fought in the Second World War. It includes examples of Socialist Realist art showing workers (with tools) and other civilians greeting the victorious soldiers.
The monument is located in Warsaw's Mokotów district, near the center of the area where the 1944 Warsaw Uprising took place. An individual in yellow standing in the middle of the photo gives a sense of the monument's vast scale.
More than 20,000 Soviet soldiers lie in the Cemetery, mostly in mass graves to the left and right of the obelisk. The cemetery was built soon after the war and was officially opened on May 9, 1950.

The cemetery dedication on the right side lists (in Polish) the units to which the dead belonged.
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Der Sowjetische Militärfriedhof in Warschau (Cmentarz Mauzoleum Żołnierzy Radzieckich) gehört zu den größten sowjetischen Militärfriedhöfen in Polen[1]. Hier sind 21.668 sowjetische Offiziere und Soldaten beerdigt, die im Kampf um Warschau 1944 und 1945 fielen. Der Friedhof wird von einem Mahnmal in Obeliskenform bestimmt, liegt an der mehrspurigen Żwirki-i-Wigury-Straße, die die Warschauer Innenstadt mit dem Frédéric-Chopin-Flughafen verbindet und gehört zum Stadtteil Mokotów.
Die Bauarbeiten des Komplexes begannen 1949 und am 9. Mai 1950[2] konnte die Anlage eingeweiht werden. Die sterblichen Überreste der Soldaten waren auf verschiedenen lokalen Friedhöfen exhumiert, eingeäschert und an die neue Gedenkstelle verbracht worden. Die hier begrabenen Gefallenen gehörten folgenden Einheiten des sowjetischen Großverbandes 1. We
Als Folge der Anteilnahme Russlands am Absturz der polnischen Präsidentenmaschine in Smolensk am 10. April 2010 hatten polnische Künstler und Prominente[3] die Warschauer Bevölkerung aufgefordert, am 9. Mai 2010 (65. Jahrestag des Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges – Tag des Sieges) den gefallenen Rotarmisten auf dem Friedhof ihre Ehre zu bezeugen.

Umschlagplatz Memorial, Warsaw Ghetto Poland

Source: Wikipedia, Wikimedia & Flickr, Music: Synoptica Music

Warsaw Ghetto Memorial

This memorial sits atop the original entrance to the sewer system, which enabled Jews to smuggle food and, durin the ghetto uprsising, arms.

Warsaw Ghetto - Monument

Pages show pictures and videos of the day taken at places connected with the World War II (Second World War)

mail: info@druhasvetovavalka.cz

TomTom POI of that place you can download here

tento bod zajmu do vasi navigce TomTom si muzete stahnout zde:

Concert and ceremony to mark Warsaw uprising

SHOTLIST

1. Wide high shot concert
2. Pull back from building to pan of orchestra and audience
3. From left to right, Polish Foreign Minister Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, US Secretary of State Colin Powell, German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder, Polish President Alexander Kwasniewski standing
4. Wide shot stage
5. Dignitaries standing
6. Audience sitting down
7. Veteran in audience
8. Wide of stage
9. SOUNDBITE (Polish): Alexander Kwasniewski, Polish President:
Today we greet Mr Chancellor in Warsaw as a representative of a close and friendly country, and as an ally and a partner. In this symbolism there is a common triumph, triumph over evil. That is the greatness of the history that the German and Polish soldiers experienced for themselves. We treat you as a great ally in the fight for truth about history. Truth for the victims as well as for the guilty.
10. Audience applauding
11. Pan of audience
12. SOUNDBITE: (German) Gerhard Schroeder, German Chancellor:
Today we bow in shame at this place. The German troops occupied Poland in 1939 and in 1944 they turned the centre of Warsaw into dust and ashes, killed endless numbers of men, women and children, and dragged others into camps and forced labour. In this is a place of Polish pride and German shame, we hope for reconciliation and peace.
13. Various audience applauding
SOUNDBITE: (English) Colin Powell, US Secretary of State:
Today Poland, which for centuries fought for her own liberty and for the liberty of others once again stands on freedom's front line. In the Balkans, in Afghanistan and in Iraq supporting people who like our forefathers yearned to be free. And in the hopeful decades ahead, America will be proud to advance freedom's cause with Poland, America's ally, America's friend. Poland will never be alone again.
14. Audience applauding
15. Wide high view of scene

STORYLINE:

German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder expressed shame on Sunday for Poland's suffering under the Nazis, seeking to make amends 60 years after insurgents in Warsaw rose up against the occupiers.

But while Polish leaders hailed his visit, the weight of the past hit Schroeder when he was booed during a daylong series of patriotic commemorations of the anniversary.

Joined in Warsaw by US Secretary of State Colin Powell and British Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott, Schroeder - the first German chancellor invited to an uprising anniversary - had the hardest mission.

An estimated 200-thousand mostly civilian Polish fighters died in the 63-day battle that began August 1, 1944, led by the Home Army resistance movement but including children and teenagers.

After the revolt collapsed, the Germans razed most of the city and sent many civilians to concentration camps or into slave labour.

Today we bow in shame in the face of the Nazi troops' crimes, Schroeder said to applause at the official ceremony. At this place of Polish pride and German shame, we hope for reconciliation and peace.

This year's commemorations were the biggest ever, reflecting Poles' yearning to give the battle a recognition equal to the more widely known 1943 Warsaw Ghetto uprising.

As Polish flags fluttered from buildings and balconies, sirens sounded across the city at 1700 local time (1500 GMT), the hour the uprising began.

Powell voiced admiration for the spirit that kept freedom alive during those terrible days of World War II, and drew an allusion to Poland's military support in Iraq.

The important thing is that Poland and the United States are united today, he told a news conference. Poland will never be alone again.



Reactions to his visit were mixed.


Schroeder then walked grimly to place a candle at the memorial while a soldier played drum rolls.









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Experiencing the Warsaw Uprising Anniversary

We were in Warsaw, Poland on August 1st which is the anniversary of the great uprising of Warsaw in 1944 when the Polish people made their final brave but hopeless stand against the occupying Germans. It was a powerful moment to share. In this final video I believe the people are chanting Glory for the dead! Glory for the heroes!

Itzhak Rabin at the Warsaw Ghetto Memorial

Itzhak Rabin at the Warsaw Ghetto Memorial (Mila 18).

Part of Warsaw ghetto wall

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The Warsaw Ghetto was established by the Nazi German Governor-General Hans Frank on October 16, 1940. At this time, the population in the Ghetto was estimated to be 4,000 people, about 10 percent of the population of Warsaw. However, the size of the Ghetto was about 4.5% of the size of Warsaw. The ghetto was split into two areas, the small ghetto, generally inhabited by richer Jews and the large ghetto, where conditions were difficult. The two ghettos were linked by a single footbridge {See footbridge at [2]}. The Nazis then closed the Warsaw Ghetto from the outside world on November 16, 1940, building a wall with armed guards.

During the next year and a half, thousands of the Polish Jews as well as some Romani people from smaller cities and the countryside were brought into the Ghetto, while diseases (especially typhus) and starvation kept the inhabitants at about the same number. Average food rations in 1941 for Jews in Warsaw were limited to 1184 kcal, compared to 1669 kcal for gentile Poles and 2,614 kcal for Germans.

Unemployment was a major problem in the ghetto. Illegal workshops were created to manufacture goods to be sold illegally on the outside and raw goods were smuggled in often by children. Hundreds of four to five year old Jewish children went across en masse to the Aryan side, sometimes several times a day, smuggling food into the ghettos, returning with goods that often weighed more than they did. Smuggling was often the only source of subsistence for Ghetto inhabitants, who would otherwise have died of starvation. Despite the grave hardships, life in the Warsaw Ghetto was rich with educational and cultural activities, conducted by its underground organizations. Hospitals, public soup kitchens orphanages, refugee centers and recreation facilities were formed, as well as a school system. Some schools were illegal and operated under the guise of a soup kitchen. There were secret libraries, classes for the children and even a symphony orchestra. The life in the ghetto was chronicled by the Oyneg Shabbos group.

My channel on you tube : is one of the most prolific from Poland, although unfortunately not the most visited. I have produced a number of films, most in English but also in Polish, French, Italian, Spanish and the occassional hint of German and Hebrew. My big interest in life is travel and history but I have also placed films on other subjects

There are a number of films here on the packaging industry. This is because I am the publisher of Central and Eastern European Packaging -- - the international platform for the packaging industry in this region focussing on the latest innovations, trends, design, branding, legislation and environmental issues with in-depth profiles of major industry achievers. Most people may think packaging pretty boring but it possibly effects your life more than you really imagine!

In 1997 I founded Polish Business News .There are a number of business related films here and I intend to do many more on CRM (customer relations management).

My blog can be found via and and contains background information and more details of many of my films. This information is in English.

I have also a second blog on the site . This site has been recently started by a friend and I think it will soon be one of the leading travel sites in Poland, if not Central Europe. It contains additional information about some of the places and events shown in these films but most of that is in Polish.

70th Anniversary Warsaw Ghetto Uprise Ceremony

WARSAW, POLAND/Nicolas Copernicus/ Polish Scientists/ Old town Warsaw

Copernicus was the first to tell us the world did not rotate around the Earth. Warsaw remembers this great person in history by naming a street after him and erecting a statue.