veracruz, mexico: zocalo di giorno
MEXICO - WikiVidi Documentary
Mexico , officially the United Mexican States , is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers , Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, Mexico is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a special federal entity that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, León, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, and Tijuana. Pre-Columbian Mexico was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Olmec, To...
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Shortcuts to chapters:
00:04:06: Etymology
00:08:09: Pre-Columbian Mexico
00:13:55: Conquest of the Aztec Triple Alliance (1519–1521)
00:17:33: Viceroyalty of New Spain (1521–1821)
00:23:50: War of Independence (1810–1821)
00:26:28: First Empire and First Republic (1821–1846)
00:29:45: Second Republic and Second Empire (1846–1867)
00:32:11: Porfiriato (1876–1911)
00:33:48: Mexican Revolution and one-party rule (1910–2000)
00:37:17: One-party rule (1929–2000)
00:40:48: Contemporary Mexico
00:41:49: Geography
00:44:51: Climate
00:47:32: Biodiversity
00:50:26: Government
00:53:30: Law enforcement
00:56:02: Crime
00:57:52: Foreign relations
01:00:31: Military
01:03:00: Administrative divisions
01:04:03: Economy
01:12:40: Communications
01:15:13: Energy
01:17:55: Science and technology
01:19:40: Tourism
01:23:13: Transportation
01:25:24: Water supply and sanitation
01:26:39: Demographics
01:28:44: Ethnicity and race
01:38:18: Official censuses
01:43:45: Languages
01:45:24: Religion
01:47:53: Women
01:50:26: Culture
01:51:39: Literature
01:52:37: Visual arts
01:53:53: Cinema
01:55:48: Media
01:56:46: Music
01:59:03: Cuisine
02:01:48: Sports
02:04:52: Health
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Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
Reviving the Ancient Sounds of Mesoamerican Ocarinas
Jose Cuellar, Professor Emeritus of Latina/Latino Studies, San Francisco State University
Clay ocarinas are thought to be the most common musical instruments used by pre-Columbian societies in Mesoamerica. While little is known about the making and function of these wind instruments—often shaped in animal or human forms—their study reveals that they were associated with both sacred and secular activities. In 2012, musician and ethnologist Jose Cuellar researched the Peabody Museum’s extensive collection of clay ocarinas, flutes, and whistles from archaeological sites throughout Central America and Mexico. In this program he will discuss his findings about these ancient musical instruments and the people who made and played them, and he will also demonstrate their sounds using contemporary ocarinas.
Mar 31, 2016
PADRE LUIS TORO EN VIVO DESDE SAN JOSE JALISCO MEXICO
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Copyright © Padre Luis Toro
Rutas Marítimas más seguras con los nuevos mapas en línea
Veracruz | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Veracruz
00:01:12 1 Etymology
00:01:57 2 Geography
00:02:06 2.1 Political geography
00:03:12 2.2 Natural geography
00:06:56 2.3 Climate
00:09:01 2.4 Ecosystems
00:14:24 3 History
00:14:33 3.1 Pre-Columbian
00:17:59 3.2 Colonial period, 1519–1821
00:24:51 3.3 Independence
00:29:28 3.4 20th century to the present
00:31:54 4 Economy
00:33:47 4.1 Agriculture
00:38:03 4.2 Natural resources
00:39:46 4.3 Golden Lane Oil Fields
00:42:04 4.4 Industry, transportation and commerce
00:45:02 4.5 Handcrafts
00:47:28 5 Culture
00:47:37 5.1 Gastronomy
00:51:06 5.2 Museums
00:54:16 5.3 Fairs and festivals
00:56:21 5.4 Dance and music
01:00:36 5.5 Art and architecture
01:04:44 5.6 Literature
01:07:03 5.7 Religion
01:07:16 6 Education
01:09:57 7 Demographics
01:13:41 8 Tourism
01:15:26 9 Archeological sites
01:18:47 10 Government
01:20:10 11 Infrastructure
01:23:48 12 Major communities
01:23:57 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Veracruz (American Spanish: [beɾaˈkɾus] (listen)), formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (American Spanish: [beɾaˈkɾuz ðe iɣˈnasjo ðe la ˈʝaβe]), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states that, along with the Federal District, comprise the 32 federative entities of Mexico. It is divided in 212 municipalities and its capital city is Xalapa-Enríquez.
Veracruz is bordered by the states of Tamaulipas to the north, San Luis Potosí and Hidalgo to the west, Puebla to the southwest, Oaxaca and Chiapas to the south, and Tabasco to the southeast. On its east, Veracruz has a significant share of the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico.
The state is noted for its mixed ethnic and indigenous populations. Its cuisine reflects the many cultural influences that have come through the state because of the importance of the port of Veracruz.
In addition to the capital city, the state's largest cities include Veracruz, Coatzacoalcos, Córdoba, Minatitlán, Poza Rica, Boca Del Río and Orizaba.
History of the United States Marine Corps | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:13 1 Background
00:11:42 1.1 Colonial era
00:16:49 2 Continental era
00:45:42 3 Establishment of the modern Marine Corps
00:50:42 3.1 Henderson's era
00:55:17 4 Civil War
00:59:24 4.1 Confederate Marines
00:59:42 5 Latter 19th century
01:02:50 5.1 Spanish– & Philippine–American Wars
01:04:52 6 Early 1900s
01:08:18 6.1 Banana Wars
01:14:35 7 World War I
01:18:19 7.1 A new amphibious mission
01:23:54 8 World War II
01:27:32 8.1 Interim: WWII-Korea
01:33:24 9 Korean War
01:35:07 9.1 Interim: Korea-Vietnam
01:36:31 10 Vietnam War
01:37:30 10.1 Interim: post-Vietnam War
01:41:24 11 The 1990s
01:41:33 11.1 Gulf War
01:42:11 11.2 Bosnian War
01:43:26 11.3 Other
01:45:34 12 Twenty-first century
01:46:42 12.1 War in Afghanistan
01:47:51 12.2 Iraq War
01:49:26 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.9459519294267857
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) begins with the founding of the Continental Marines on 10 November 1775 to conduct ship-to-ship fighting, provide shipboard security and discipline enforcement, and assist in landing forces. Its mission evolved with changing military doctrine and foreign policy of the United States. Owing to the availability of Marine forces at sea, the United States Marine Corps has served in nearly every conflict in United States history. It attained prominence when its theories and practice of amphibious warfare proved prescient, and ultimately formed a cornerstone of the Pacific Theater of World War II. By the early 20th century, the Marine Corps would become one of the dominant theorists and practitioners of amphibious warfare. Its ability to rapidly respond on short notice to expeditionary crises has made and continues to make it an important tool for U.S. foreign policy.In February 1776, the Continental Marines embarked on their maiden expedition. The Continental Marines were disbanded at the end of the war, along with the Continental Navy. In preparation for the Quasi-War with France, Congress created the United States Navy and the Marine Corps. The Marines' most famous action of this period occurred in the First Barbary War (1801–1805) against the Barbary pirates. In the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), the Marines made their famed assault on Chapultepec Palace, which overlooked Mexico City, their first major expeditionary venture. In the 1850s, the Marines would see service in Panama, and in Asia. During the U.S. Civil War (1861–1865) the Marine Corps played only a minor role after their participation in the Union defeat at the first battle of First Bull Run/Manassas. Their most important task was blockade duty and other ship-board battles, but they were mobilized for a handful of operations as the war progressed. The remainder of the 19th century would be a period of declining strength and introspection about the mission of the Marine Corps. Under Commandant Jacob Zeilin's term (1864–1876), many Marine customs and traditions took shape. During the Spanish–American War (1898), Marines would lead U.S. forces ashore in the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, demonstrating their readiness for deployment. Between 1900 and 1916, the Marine Corps continued its record of participation in foreign expeditions, especially in the Caribbean and Central and South America, which included Panama, Cuba, Veracruz, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Nicaragua.
In World War I, battle-tested, veteran Marines served a central role in the United States' entry into the conflict. Between the world wars, the Marine Corps was headed by Major General John A. Lejeune, another popular commandant. In World War II, the Marines played a central role, under Admiral Nimitz, in the Pacific War, participating in nearly every significant battle. The Corps also ...
Manila galleon | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Manila galleon
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Manila Galleons (Spanish: Galeón de Manila; Filipino: Kalakalang Galyon ng Maynila at Acapulco) were Spanish trading ships which for two and a half centuries linked the Philippines with Mexico across the Pacific Ocean, making one or two round-trip voyages per year between the ports of Acapulco and Manila, which were both part of New Spain. The name of the galleon changed to reflect the city that the ship sailed from. The term Manila Galleons is also used to refer to the trade route itself between Acapulco and Manila, which lasted from 1565 to 1815.
The Manila Galleons were also known in New Spain as La Nao de la China (The China Ship) because it carried largely Chinese goods, shipped from Manila.The Manila Galleon trade route was inaugurated in 1565 after Augustinian friar and navigator Andrés de Urdaneta discovered the tornaviaje or return route from the Philippines to Mexico. The first successful round trips were made by Urdaneta and by Alonso de Arellano that year. The route lasted until 1815 when the Mexican War of Independence broke out. The Manila galleons sailed the Pacific for 250 years, bringing to the Americas cargoes of luxury goods such as spices and porcelain, in exchange for silver. The route also created a cultural exchange that shaped the identities and culture of the countries involved.
In 2015, the Philippines and Mexico began preparations for the nomination of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade Route in the UNESCO World Heritage List, with backing from Spain. Spain has also suggested the tri-national nomination of the Archives on the Manila-Acapulco Galleons in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.
Mexico | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mexico
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Mexico (Spanish: México [ˈmexiko] (listen); Nahuatl languages: Mēxihco), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, listen ), is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometres (770,000 sq mi), the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million people, the country is the eleventh most populous state and the most populous Spanish-speaking state in the world, while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and Mexico City, a special federal entity that is also the capital city and its most populous city. Other metropolises in the state include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, and Tijuana.
Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of five cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan (part of Mexico City), which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain. Three centuries later, the territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the colony's Mexican War of Independence. The post-independence period was tumultuous, characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes. The Mexican–American War (1846–1848) led to a territorial cession of the extant northern territories to the United States. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a civil war, two empires, and the Porfiriato occurred in the 19th century. The Porfiriato was ended by the start of the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system as a federal, democratic republic.
Mexico has the 15th largest nominal GDP and the 11th largest by purchasing power parity. The Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners, especially the United States. In 1994, Mexico became the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts. The country is considered both a regional power and a middle power, and is often identified as an emerging global power. Due to its rich culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas and seventh in the world for number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Mexico is an ecologically megadiverse country, ranking fourth in the world for its biodiversity. Mexico has many tourists: in 2016, it was the eighth most-visited country in the world, with 35 million international arrivals. Mexico is a member of the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus group of the UN, and the Pacific Alliance trade bloc.
Napoleon III
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte was the first President of the French Second Republic and, as Napoleon III, the Emperor of the Second French Empire. He was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I. He was the first President of France to be elected by a direct popular vote. However, when he was blocked by the Constitution and Parliament from running for a second term, he organized a coup d'état in 1851, and then took the throne as Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, the forty-eighth anniversary of Napoleon I's coronation.
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Mexico | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mexico
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Mexico (Spanish: México [ˈmexiko] ( listen); Nahuatl languages: Mēxihco), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, listen ), is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometres (770,000 sq mi), the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million people, the country is the eleventh most populous state and the most populous Spanish-speaking state in the world, while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and Mexico City, a special federal entity that is also the capital city and its most populous city. Other metropolises in the state include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, and Tijuana.
Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of five cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan (part of Mexico City), which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain. Three centuries later, the territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the colony's Mexican War of Independence. The post-independence period was tumultuous, characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes. The Mexican–American War (1846–1848) led to a territorial cession of the extant northern territories to the United States. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a civil war, two empires, and the Porfiriato occurred in the 19th century. The Porfiriato was ended by the start of the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system as a democratic republic.
Mexico has the 15th largest nominal GDP and the 11th largest by purchasing power parity. The Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners, especially the United States. In 1994, Mexico became the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts. The country is considered both a regional power and a middle power, and is often identified as an emerging global power. Due to its rich culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas and seventh in the world for number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Mexico is an ecologically megadiverse country, ranking fourth in the world for its biodiversity. Mexico has many tourists: in 2016, it was the eighth most-visited country in the world, with 35 million international arrivals. Mexico is a member of the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus group of the UN, and the Pacific Alliance trade bloc.
ROBERT E. LEE - WikiVidi Documentary
Robert Edward Lee was an American and Confederate soldier, best known as a top army commander of the Confederate States of America. He commanded the Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865. A son of Revolutionary War officer Henry Light Horse Harry Lee III, Lee was a top graduate of the United States Military Academy and an exceptional officer and military engineer in the United States Army for 32 years. During this time, he served throughout the United States, distinguished himself during the Mexican–American War, and served as Superintendent of the United States Military Academy. When Virginia declared its secession from the Union in April 1861, Lee chose to follow his home state, despite his desire for the country to remain intact and an offer of a senior Union command. During the first year of the Civil War, Lee served as a senior military adviser to Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Once he took command of the main field ...
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Shortcuts to chapters:
00:04:26: Early life and career
00:09:17: Military engineer career
00:14:07: Marriage and family
00:15:46: Mexican–American War
00:18:19: Early 1850s: West Point and Texas
00:19:50: Late 1850s: Arlington plantation and the Custis slaves
00:21:56: The Norris case
00:27:51: Lee's views on race and slavery
00:33:33: Harpers Ferry and Texas, 1859–61
00:33:53: Harpers Ferry
00:34:54: Texas
00:36:24: Civil War
00:39:08: Early role
00:42:08: Commander, Army of Northern Virginia (June 1862-June 1863)
00:47:42: Battle of Gettysburg
00:50:53: Ulysses S. Grant and the Union offensive
00:52:26: General-in-chief
00:54:21: Summaries of Lee's Civil War battles
00:54:34: Postbellum life
00:58:42: President Johnson's amnesty pardons
00:59:47: Postwar politics
01:05:18: Illness and death
01:06:40: Legacy
01:11:27: Monuments, memorials and commemorations
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
Birthright Citizens: A History of Race and Rights in Antebellum America
Birthright Citizens
Low Lecture
Wednesday, April 10, 2019 · 4 PM - 5:30 PM
Library and Gallery, Albin O. Kuhn : Gallery, 1st Floor
Social Sciences Forum
Low Lecture
Martha Jones, Society of Black Alumni Presidential Professor and Professor of History, Department of History, Johns Hopkins University
“Birthright Citizens: A History of Race and Rights in Antebellum America”
Prof. Jones will discuss her recent book, Birthright Citizens, which tells how African American activists radically transformed the terms of citizenship for all Americans. Before the Civil War, colonization schemes and black laws threatened to deport former slaves born in the United States. Birthright Citizens recovers the story of how African American activists remade national belonging through battles in legislatures, conventions, and courthouses. They faced formidable opposition, most notoriously from the US Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott. Still, as Prof. Jones explains, no single case defined their status. Former slaves studied law, secured allies, and conducted themselves like citizens, establishing their status through local, everyday claims. All along they argued that birth guaranteed their rights. With fresh archival sources and an ambitious reframing of constitutional law-making before the Civil War, Jones shows how when the Fourteenth Amendment constitutionalized the birthright principle, the aspirations of black Americans' aspirations were realized.
Reception and book signing to follow.
Sponsored by: Department of History
UMBC is committed to creating an accessible and inclusive environment for all faculty, staff, students, and visitors. If you would like to request accommodations (e.g., ASL interpreters, captioning, wheelchair access, etc.) for this event due to a disability, please notify us at least two weeks prior to the event. Requests received after that time cannot be guaranteed, but we will do our best to make arrangements for program access. Please contact us at socialscience@umbc.edu with your specific request and be sure to include the event title, date, and time.
Pensacola, Florida | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Pensacola, Florida
00:02:13 1 History
00:02:21 1.1 Pre-European
00:03:36 1.2 Spanish
00:07:23 1.3 British
00:09:54 1.4 United States
00:13:25 2 Geography
00:13:34 2.1 Topography
00:14:40 2.2 Architecture
00:15:14 2.3 Climate
00:18:55 2.4 Hurricanes
00:20:53 3 Demographics
00:23:49 4 Economy
00:23:58 4.1 Personal income
00:24:48 4.2 Military
00:26:18 4.3 Hospitals
00:27:01 4.4 Tourism
00:28:18 5 Culture
00:28:27 5.1 The arts and theatre
00:29:20 6 Sports
00:29:44 7 Parks and recreation
00:30:07 8 Law and government
00:31:09 8.1 Politics
00:34:23 8.2 Regional representatives
00:34:45 9 Education
00:35:19 9.1 Universities and colleges
00:35:36 9.2 High schools
00:36:08 10 Media
00:37:26 11 Infrastructure
00:37:35 11.1 Aviation
00:38:03 11.2 Railroads
00:38:37 11.3 Major highways
00:39:23 11.4 Mass transit
00:39:52 11.5 Intercity bus
00:40:04 12 Notable people
00:42:19 12.1 Bands from Pensacola
00:42:37 13 Sister cities
00:43:11 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Pensacola () is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle, approximately 13 miles (21 km) from the border with Alabama, and the county seat of Escambia County, in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 51,923, down from 56,255 at the 2000 census. Pensacola is the principal city of the Pensacola metropolitan area, which had an estimated 461,227 residents in 2012.Pensacola is a sea port on Pensacola Bay, which is protected by the barrier island of Santa Rosa and connects to the Gulf of Mexico. A large United States Naval Air Station, the first in the United States, is located southwest of Pensacola near Warrington; it is the base of the Blue Angels flight demonstration team and the National Naval Aviation Museum. The main campus of the University of West Florida is situated north of the city center.
The area was originally inhabited by Muskogean language peoples. The Pensacola people lived there at the time of European contact, and Creek people frequently visited and traded from present-day southern Alabama. Spanish explorer Tristán de Luna founded a short-lived settlement in 1559. In 1698 the Spanish established a presidio in the area, from which the modern city gradually developed. The area changed hands several times as European powers competed in North America. During Florida's British rule (1763–1781), fortifications were strengthened.
It is nicknamed The City of Five Flags, due to the five governments that have ruled it during its history: the flags of Spain (Castile), France, Great Britain, the United States of America, and the Confederate States of America. Other nicknames include World's Whitest Beaches (due to the white sand of Florida panhandle beaches), Cradle of Naval Aviation, Western Gate to the Sunshine State, America's First Settlement, Emerald Coast, Red Snapper Capital of the World, and P-Cola.
Witchcraft | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:36 1 Concept
00:04:17 2 Etymology and definitions
00:06:01 3 Overview
00:06:10 3.1 Alleged practices
00:09:03 3.1.1 Spell casting
00:10:03 3.1.2 Necromancy (conjuring the dead)
00:10:46 3.1.3 Demonology
00:13:22 3.1.4 White witches
00:15:32 3.2 Accusations of witchcraft
00:17:46 3.2.1 Violence related to accusations
00:19:17 3.3 Contemporary witchcraft
00:20:19 3.3.1 Wicca
00:22:27 3.3.1.1 Witchcraft, Feminism, and Media
00:23:42 3.3.2 Stregheria
00:24:53 3.3.3 Traditional witchcraft
00:26:28 3.4 Contemporary witchcraft, Satanism and Luciferianism
00:31:17 4 Historical and religious perspectives
00:31:28 4.1 Near East beliefs
00:32:33 4.2 Abrahamic religions
00:32:42 4.2.1 Hebrew Bible
00:35:52 4.2.2 New Testament
00:36:28 4.2.3 Judaism
00:38:25 4.2.4 Islam
00:42:58 5 By region
00:43:07 5.1 Africa
00:45:55 5.1.1 Cameroon
00:46:19 5.1.2 Central Africa
00:47:28 5.1.3 Democratic Republic of the Congo
00:49:08 5.1.4 Ghana
00:50:32 5.1.5 Kenya
00:50:49 5.1.6 Malawi
00:51:46 5.1.7 Nigeria
00:53:12 5.1.8 Sierra Leone
00:54:34 5.1.9 Tanzania
00:55:11 5.2 Americas
00:55:19 5.2.1 Caribbean
00:56:25 5.2.2 Colonial North America
01:00:25 5.2.3 Diné / Navajo
01:02:09 5.2.4 North America (Mexico)
01:03:38 5.2.5 South America (Brazil)
01:08:02 5.3 Asia
01:08:10 5.3.1 India
01:08:57 5.3.2 Nepal
01:09:47 5.3.3 Japan
01:13:15 5.3.4 Philippines
01:14:43 5.3.5 Saudi Arabia
01:15:56 5.3.6 Syria and Iraq
01:16:30 5.3.7 Tocharians
01:17:00 5.4 Europe
01:22:12 5.4.1 United Kingdom
01:25:52 5.4.1.1 21st century
01:28:35 5.4.2 Italy
01:30:32 5.4.3 Spain
01:31:17 5.5 Oceania
01:31:26 5.5.1 Cook Islands
01:33:38 5.5.2 Papua New Guinea
01:34:05 5.6 Russia
01:34:28 5.6.1 Spells
01:37:48 5.6.2 Societal view of witchcraft
01:39:57 5.6.3 Witchcraft trials
01:44:47 6 Witches in art
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9146142683061101
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Witchcraft or witchery broadly means the practice of and belief in magical skills and abilities exercised by solitary practitioners and groups. Witchcraft is a broad term that varies culturally and societally, and thus can be difficult to define with precision, and cross-cultural assumptions about the meaning or significance of the term should be applied with caution. Witchcraft often occupies a religious divinatory or medicinal role, and is often present within societies and groups whose cultural framework includes a magical world view.
Robert E. Lee | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Robert E. Lee
00:03:15 1 Early life and career
00:07:22 2 Military engineer career
00:11:13 3 Marriage and family
00:13:58 4 Mexican–American War
00:15:45 5 Early 1850s: West Point and Texas
00:17:05 6 Late 1850s: Arlington plantation and the Custis slaves
00:19:06 6.1 The Norris case
00:24:19 6.2 Lee's views on race and slavery
00:33:06 7 Harpers Ferry and Texas, 1859–1861
00:33:32 7.1 Harpers Ferry
00:34:32 7.2 Texas
00:36:11 8 Civil War
00:36:20 8.1 Resignation from United States Army
00:42:48 8.2 Early role
00:45:18 8.3 Commander, Army of Northern Virginia (June 1862 – June 1863)
00:50:05 8.4 Battle of Gettysburg
00:52:42 8.5 Ulysses S. Grant and the Union offensive
00:54:02 8.6 General in Chief
00:55:34 9 Summaries of Lee's Civil War battles
00:55:53 10 Postbellum life
00:59:16 10.1 President Johnson’s amnesty pardons
01:00:35 10.2 Postwar politics
01:04:45 11 Illness and death
01:06:00 12 Legacy
01:10:44 12.1 Monuments, memorials and commemorations
01:19:13 13 Dates of rank
01:19:34 14 In popular culture
01:22:06 15 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was an American and Confederate soldier, best known as a commander of the Confederate States Army. He commanded the Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865. A son of Revolutionary War officer Henry Light Horse Harry Lee III, Lee was a top graduate of the United States Military Academy and an exceptional officer and military engineer in the United States Army for 32 years. During this time, he served throughout the United States, distinguished himself during the Mexican–American War, and served as Superintendent of the United States Military Academy.
When Virginia declared its secession from the Union in April 1861, Lee chose to follow his home state, despite his desire for the country to remain intact and an offer of a senior Union command. During the first year of the Civil War, Lee served as a senior military adviser to Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Once he took command of the main field army in 1862 he soon emerged as a shrewd tactician and battlefield commander, winning most of his battles, all against far superior Union armies. Lee's strategic foresight was more questionable, and both of his major offensives into Union territory ended in defeat. Lee's aggressive tactics, which resulted in high casualties at a time when the Confederacy had a shortage of manpower, have come under criticism in recent years. Lee surrendered his entire army to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. By this time, Lee had assumed supreme command of the remaining Southern armies; other Confederate forces swiftly capitulated after his surrender. Lee rejected the proposal of a sustained insurgency against the Union and called for reconciliation between the two sides.
In 1865, after the war, Lee was paroled and signed an oath of allegiance, asking to have his citizenship of the United States restored. Lee's application was misplaced; as a result, he did not receive a pardon and his citizenship was not restored. In 1865, Lee became president of Washington College (later Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia; in that position, he supported reconciliation between North and South. Lee accepted the extinction of slavery provided for by the Thirteenth Amendment, but publicly opposed racial equality and granting African Americans the right to vote and other political rights. Lee died in 1870. In 1975, the U.S. Congress posthumously restored Lee's citizenship effective June 13, 1865.Lee opposed the construction of public memorials to Confederate rebellion on the grounds that they would prevent the healing of wounds inflicted during the war. Nevertheless, after his death, Lee became an icon used by promoters of Lost Cause mythology, who sought to romanticize the Confederate cause and strengthen white suprema ...
Ep 08 - Juan Felipe Herrera and Margarita Luna Robles
11/01/1990 - Juan Felipe Herrera and Margarita Luna Robles, an evening of multimedia performance poetry for el Dia de los Muertos. Welcome by Lilia Gonzáles Chávez, and introductions by C. W. Moulton. Recorded at the Fresno Metropolitan Museum.
Welcome
Intros - 2:47
Margarita - 9:40
Juan Felipe - 17:01
Margarita and Juan Felipe - 20:20
Juan Felipe - 22:35
Margarita - 31:53
Juan Felipe - 41:46
Margarita - 47:55
Juan Felipe - 54:07
Outros - 1:00:40
Tape Number 2431. VHS tape access courtesy C. G. Hanzlicek.
Digitization by Horn Photo:
Witchcraft | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:47 1 Concept
00:06:06 2 Etymology and definitions
00:08:22 3 Overview
00:08:31 3.1 Alleged practices
00:12:21 3.1.1 Spell casting
00:13:40 3.1.2 Necromancy (conjuring the dead)
00:14:34 3.1.3 Demonology
00:17:58 3.1.4 White witches
00:20:48 3.2 Accusations of witchcraft
00:23:41 3.2.1 Violence related to accusations
00:25:41 3.3 Contemporary witchcraft
00:27:00 3.3.1 Wicca
00:29:45 3.3.1.1 Witchcraft, Feminism, and Media
00:31:22 3.3.2 Stregheria
00:32:52 3.3.3 Traditional witchcraft
00:34:54 3.4 Contemporary witchcraft, Satanism and Luciferianism
00:41:12 4 Historical and religious perspectives
00:41:24 4.1 Near East beliefs
00:42:47 4.2 Abrahamic religions
00:42:57 4.2.1 Hebrew Bible
00:47:06 4.2.2 New Testament
00:47:50 4.2.3 Judaism
00:50:21 4.2.4 Islam
00:56:18 5 By region
00:56:28 5.1 Africa
01:00:07 5.1.1 Cameroon
01:00:37 5.1.2 Central Africa
01:02:07 5.1.3 Democratic Republic of the Congo
01:04:19 5.1.4 Ghana
01:06:06 5.1.5 Kenya
01:06:27 5.1.6 Malawi
01:07:40 5.1.7 Nigeria
01:09:31 5.1.8 Sierra Leone
01:11:16 5.1.9 Tanzania
01:12:03 5.2 Americas
01:12:12 5.2.1 Caribbean
01:13:38 5.2.2 Colonial North America
01:18:49 5.2.3 Diné / Navajo
01:21:05 5.2.4 North America (Mexico)
01:23:03 5.2.5 South America
01:23:50 5.3 Asia
01:23:59 5.3.1 India
01:24:59 5.3.2 Nepal
01:26:05 5.3.3 Japan
01:30:40 5.3.4 Philippines
01:32:30 5.3.5 Saudi Arabia
01:34:06 5.3.6 Syria and Iraq
01:34:47 5.3.7 Tocharians
01:35:24 5.4 Europe
01:42:13 5.4.1 United Kingdom
01:47:05 5.4.1.1 21st century
01:50:37 5.4.2 Italy
01:53:12 5.4.3 Spain
01:54:10 5.5 Oceania
01:54:19 5.5.1 Cook Islands
01:57:14 5.5.2 Papua New Guinea
01:57:48 5.6 Russia
01:58:16 5.6.1 Spells
02:02:37 5.6.2 Societal view of witchcraft
02:05:28 5.6.3 Witchcraft trials
02:11:47 6 Witches in art
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7095989163512856
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Witchcraft or witchery broadly means the practice of and belief in magical skills and abilities exercised by solitary practitioners and groups. Witchcraft is a broad term that varies culturally and societally, and thus can be difficult to define with precision, and cross-cultural assumptions about the meaning or significance of the term should be applied with caution. Witchcraft often occupies a religious divinatory or medicinal role, and is often present within societies and groups whose cultural framework includes a magical world view.
United States Naval Academy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:08 1 Description
00:10:27 2 Other navy schools
00:11:18 3 History
00:11:57 3.1 Identity
00:13:14 3.2 Early years
00:16:10 3.3 The American Civil War
00:19:26 3.4 Porter's Academy - From the Civil War to the Spanish–American War
00:25:08 3.5 The Flagg Academy- Spanish–American War to WW I
00:28:16 3.5.1 World War I to World War II
00:32:46 3.6 Modern era: World War II to present
00:44:35 4 Rank structure
00:49:09 5 Uniforms
00:52:53 6 Campus
00:53:51 6.1 Halls and principal buildings
01:05:12 6.2 Monuments and memorials
01:12:10 6.3 Brigade sports complex
01:12:41 6.4 Cemetery and columbarium
01:12:51 6.5 Glenn Warner Soccer Facility
01:13:01 6.6 Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium
01:13:13 6.7 Terwilliger Brothers Field
01:13:32 7 Supervision of the Academy
01:14:52 8 Faculty
01:18:48 9 Appointment process
01:23:14 9.1 Admissions requirements
01:25:21 10 Curriculum
01:26:47 10.1 Moral education
01:29:19 10.2 Naval Academy Foreign Affairs Conference (NAFAC)
01:30:49 10.3 Naval Academy Science and Engineering Conference (NASEC)
01:32:02 10.4 McMullen Naval History Symposium
01:32:32 10.5 Small Satellite Program
01:33:19 10.6 Postgraduate studies
01:34:57 11 Student activities
01:35:07 11.1 Athletics
01:41:40 11.2 Song
01:42:33 11.3 Other extra-curricular activities
01:45:32 12 Police
01:46:19 13 Women at the Naval Academy
01:53:23 14 A selection of Naval Academy traditions
02:06:00 15 Alumni
02:07:59 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7375696592449807
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The United States Naval Academy (also known as USNA, Annapolis, or simply Navy) is a four-year coeducational federal service academy adjacent to Annapolis, Maryland. Established on 10 October 1845, under Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft, it is the second oldest of the United States' five service academies, and educates officers for commissioning primarily into the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. The 338-acre (137 ha) campus is located on the former grounds of Fort Severn at the confluence of the Severn River and Chesapeake Bay in Anne Arundel County, 33 miles (53 km) east of Washington, D.C. and 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Baltimore. The entire campus (known to insiders as the Yard) is a National Historic Landmark and home to many historic sites, buildings, and monuments. It replaced Philadelphia Naval Asylum, in Philadelphia, that served as the first United States Naval Academy from 1838 to 1845 when the Naval Academy formed in Annapolis.Candidates for admission generally must both apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination, usually from a Member of Congress. Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as midshipmen. Tuition for midshipmen is fully funded by the Navy in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. Approximately 1,200 plebes (an abbreviation of the Ancient Roman word plebeian) enter the Academy each summer for the rigorous Plebe Summer. About 1,000 midshipmen graduate. Graduates are usually commissioned as ensigns in the Navy or second lieutenants in the Marine Corps, but a small number can also be cross-commissioned as officers in other U.S. services, and the services of allied nations. The United States Naval Academy has some of the highest paid graduates in the country according to starting salary. The academic program grants a bachelor of science degree with a curriculum that grades midshipmen's performance upon a broad academic program, military leadership performance, and mandatory participation in competitive athletics. Midshipmen are required to adhere to the academy's Honor Concept.
Witchcraft | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Witchcraft
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Witchcraft or witchery broadly means the practice of and belief in magical skills and abilities exercised by solitary practitioners and groups. Witchcraft is a broad term that varies culturally and societally, and thus can be difficult to define with precision, and cross-cultural assumptions about the meaning or significance of the term should be applied with caution. Witchcraft often occupies a religious divinatory or medicinal role, and is often present within societies and groups whose cultural framework includes a magical world view.