AVARS (CAUCASUS) - WikiVidi Documentary
The Avars are a Northeast Caucasian native ethnic group who are the predominant of several ethnic groups living in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The Avars reside in a region known as the North Caucasus between the Black and Caspian Seas. Alongside other ethnic groups in the North Caucasus region, the Caucasian Avars live in ancient villages located approximately 2,000 m above sea level. The Avar language spoken by the Caucasian Avars belongs to the family of Northeast Caucasian languages and is also known as Nakh–Dagestanian. Islam has been the prevailing religion of the Avars since the 13th century. The Avar Khaganate had become their peak empire until a disastrous war with the First Bulgarian Empire. This catastrophe, led by Bulgarian Emperor Krum and his invincible army, forced the total destruction and east migration of the Avar empire and people....
____________________________________
Shortcuts to chapters:
00:01:12 Ethnonyms
00:02:39 History
00:08:32 Description
00:09:57 Avarians as highlanders and armed people
00:11:04 Usage of the name Avarians
00:17:19 Language
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
Жизнь на осколках (Life on shreds)
Цикл документальных фильмов Провинциальные музеи России. Фильм девятнадцатый.
При слове Кавказ многие тут же вспоминают рассказы Л. Толстого или заметки А. Пушкина. Многие имеют представление о Кавказе благодаря прозе и стихам М. Лермонтова - достаточно вспомнить одного Мцыри, чтобы вообразить себе всю мужественность и силу горцев. И где, как не в музеях Кавказских Минеральных Вод, можно узнать об этом интереснейшем на Земле месте!
Но Кавказ у русского человека всегда ассоциировался с войной. И всегда с далекой. Пусть где-то там, за тридевять земель идет война, а у нас - нет! У нас все хорошо. Можно веселиться, устраивать балы и званые обеды. А об остальном и знать не хотим!
Да и есть ли вина простого человека в том, что раскалывается его страна? И каково это - жить на ее осколках?
Лес рубят - щепки летят. А на Кавказе щепки очень острые...
Автор сценария Анатолий Терентьев
Режиссер-постановщик Анатолий Терентьев
Операторы Евгения Кононова, Анатолий Терентьев, Олег Тимирзянов
Монтаж Анатолий Терентьев
Звукорежиссер Александр Цыганков
Второй режиссер Татьяна Иванова
Ассистент оператора Елена Кононова
Исполнительный продюсер Евгения Кононова
Автор, художественный руководитель и продюсер цикла Алла Сурикова
Производство Студия Позитив-фильм, Служба кинематографии Министерства культуры Российской Федерации, 2003 год.
Documentary series Provincial museums of Russia. Film 19.
When one hears the word Caucasus he immediately remembers the stories of Lev Tolstoy or Alexander Pushkin. Many people know the Caucasus due to the novels and poems of Mikhail Lermontov - it enough to remember Mtsyri to imagine all the manliness and strength of the mountaineers. And just in the museums of the Caucasian Mineral Waters one can know about this region - the most interesting place in the world.
A Russian man always associates the Caucasus with a war. And always it is a distant war. Let it be far away, somewhere at a distance - and not here! All is quiet here. One can be joyful and arrange the balls and the dinners. And we don't want to know about the other things!
However, is a common person guilty in the wreckage of his country? And how is it to live on its shreds?
You can't make an omelet without breaking eggs. And in the Caucasus we have a lot to break...
Tbilisi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:51 1 Names and etymology
00:03:57 2 History
00:04:06 2.1 Early history
00:05:44 2.2 Foreign domination
00:07:23 2.3 Capital of Georgia
00:08:35 2.4 Mongol domination and the following period of instability
00:10:14 2.5 Iranian control
00:12:06 2.6 Russian control
00:13:49 2.7 Brief independence
00:15:21 2.8 Soviet rule
00:16:53 2.9 Post-independence
00:18:51 3 Politics and administration
00:22:08 4 Geography
00:22:17 4.1 Location
00:24:09 4.2 Climate
00:27:04 5 People and culture
00:27:14 5.1 Demographics
00:28:28 5.2 Sports
00:31:09 5.3 Media
00:33:02 5.4 Architecture
00:36:10 5.5 Main sights
00:37:32 5.6 Nightlife
00:38:03 6 Economy
00:39:26 7 Transportation
00:39:35 7.1 Airport
00:41:08 7.2 Metro
00:42:15 7.3 Tram
00:42:55 7.4 Minibus
00:43:45 7.5 Municipal bus
00:44:54 7.6 Aerial tramways
00:46:48 7.7 Funicular
00:47:39 8 Education
00:53:00 9 International relations
00:53:10 9.1 Twin towns and sister cities
00:53:23 9.2 Partnerships
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8698301801184336
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tbilisi (English: tə-bih-LEE-see, tə-BIL-ih-see; Georgian: თბილისი [tʰbilisi] (listen)), in some countries also still known by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis ( TIF-lis), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia, since then Tbilisi served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, Tbilisi was the seat of the Imperial Viceroy, governing both Southern and Northern Caucasus.
Because of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers. The city's location to this day ensures its position as an important transit route for various energy and trade projects. Tbilisi's diverse history is reflected in its architecture, which is a mix of medieval, neoclassical, Beaux Arts, Art Nouveau, Stalinist and the Modern structures.
Historically, Tbilisi has been home to people of multiple cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, though it is currently overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox Christian. Its notable tourist destinations include cathedrals Sameba and Sioni, Freedom Square, Rustaveli Avenue and Agmashenebeli Avenue, medieval Narikala Fortress, the pseudo-Moorish Opera Theater, and the Georgian National Museum.
Tbilisi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tbilisi
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tbilisi (English: tə-bih-LEE-see, tə-BIL-ih-see; Georgian: თბილისი [tʰbilisi] (listen)), in some countries also still known by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis ( TIF-lis), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia, since then Tbilisi served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, Tbilisi was the seat of the Imperial Viceroy, governing both Southern and Northern Caucasus.
Because of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers. The city's location to this day ensures its position as an important transit route for various energy and trade projects. Tbilisi's diverse history is reflected in its architecture, which is a mix of medieval, neoclassical, Beaux Arts, Art Nouveau, Stalinist and the Modern structures.
Historically, Tbilisi has been home to people of multiple cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, though it is currently overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox Christian. Its notable tourist destinations include cathedrals Sameba and Sioni, Freedom Square, Rustaveli Avenue and Agmashenebeli Avenue, medieval Narikala Fortress, the pseudo-Moorish Opera Theater, and the Georgian National Museum.
Tbilisi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tbilisi
00:01:33 1 Names and etymology
00:03:20 2 History
00:03:29 2.1 Early history
00:04:45 2.2 Foreign domination
00:06:09 2.3 Capital of Georgia
00:07:12 2.4 Mongol domination and the following period of instability
00:08:36 2.5 Iranian control
00:10:11 2.6 Russian control
00:11:40 2.7 Brief independence
00:12:59 2.8 Soviet rule
00:14:18 2.9 Post-independence
00:15:58 3 Politics and administration
00:18:46 4 Geography
00:18:55 4.1 Location
00:20:30 4.2 Climate
00:22:58 5 People and culture
00:23:08 5.1 Demographics
00:24:26 5.2 Sports
00:26:44 5.3 Media
00:28:20 5.4 Architecture
00:30:59 5.5 Main sights
00:32:11 5.6 Nightlife
00:32:39 6 Economy
00:33:50 7 Transportation
00:33:59 7.1 Airport
00:35:19 7.2 Metro
00:36:06 7.3 Tram
00:36:40 7.4 Minibus
00:37:23 7.5 Municipal bus
00:38:21 7.6 Aerial tramways
00:39:57 8 Education
00:44:30 9 International relations
00:44:40 9.1 Twin towns and sister cities
00:44:52 9.2 Partnerships
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tbilisi (English: tə-bih-LEE-see, tə-BIL-ih-see; Georgian: თბილისი [tʰbilisi] (listen)), in some countries also still known by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis ( TIF-lis), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia, since then Tbilisi served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, Tbilisi was the seat of the Imperial Viceroy, governing both Southern and Northern Caucasus.
Because of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers. The city's location to this day ensures its position as an important transit route for various energy and trade projects. Tbilisi's diverse history is reflected in its architecture, which is a mix of medieval, neoclassical, Beaux Arts, Art Nouveau, Stalinist and the Modern structures.
Historically, Tbilisi has been home to people of multiple cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, though it is currently overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox Christian. Its notable tourist destinations include cathedrals Sameba and Sioni, Freedom Square, Rustaveli Avenue and Agmashenebeli Avenue, medieval Narikala Fortress, the pseudo-Moorish Opera Theater, and the Georgian National Museum.
Qajar dynasty | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Qajar dynasty
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Qajar dynasty (listen ; Persian: سلسله قاجار Selsele-ye Qājār; also Romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.; Azerbaijani: قاجارلر Qacarlar) was an Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin, specifically from the Qajar tribe, which ruled Persia (Iran) from 1794 to 1925. The state ruled by the dynasty was officially known as the Sublime State of Persia (Persian: دولت علیّه ایران Dowlat-e Aliyye Iran). The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last Shah of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. In 1796, Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease, putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty, and Mohammad Khan was formally crowned as Shah after his punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects. In the Caucasus, the Qajar dynasty permanently lost many of Iran's integral areas to the Russians over the course of the 19th century, comprising modern-day Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan and Armenia.
Catherine the Great | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:39 1 Early life
00:10:30 2 Reign of Peter III and the icoup d'état/i of July 1762
00:14:34 3 Reign (1762–96)
00:14:45 3.1 Coronation (1762)
00:16:13 3.2 Foreign affairs
00:17:39 3.2.1 Russo-Turkish Wars
00:19:52 3.2.2 Russo-Persian War
00:21:56 3.2.3 Relations with Western Europe
00:23:36 3.2.4 Partitions of Poland
00:25:22 3.2.5 Relations with Japan
00:26:21 3.3 Economics and finance
00:28:16 3.4 Arts and culture
00:35:08 3.5 Education
00:42:35 3.6 Religious affairs
00:43:52 3.6.1 Islam
00:46:09 3.6.2 Judaism
00:48:16 3.6.3 Russian Orthodoxy
00:50:40 3.7 Personal life
00:52:51 3.7.1 Poniatowski
00:55:43 3.7.2 Orlov
00:57:25 3.7.3 Potemkin
00:59:20 3.8 Serfs
00:59:42 3.8.1 Rights and conditions
01:03:46 3.8.2 Attitudes towards Catherine
01:06:27 4 Final months and death
01:10:51 5 Children
01:11:00 6 Romanov dynastic issues
01:11:11 6.1 Pretenders and potential pretenders to the throne
01:13:01 6.1.1 Rise of pretenders
01:17:03 6.1.2 Pretenders and royal marks
01:19:36 6.2 Succession to the throne
01:20:22 7 Titles and styles
01:21:13 8 In popular culture
01:22:22 9 Ancestry
01:22:31 10 List of prominent Catherinians
01:23:29 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9799328397112379
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Yekaterina Alekseyevna; 2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729 – 17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатери́на Вели́кая, Yekaterina Velikaya), born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country's longest-ruling female leader. She came to power following a coup d'état that she organised—resulting in her husband, Peter III, being overthrown. Under her reign, Russia was revitalised; it grew larger and stronger and was recognised as one of the great powers of Europe.
In her accession to power and her rule of the empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably count Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Assisted by highly successful generals such as Alexander Suvorov and Pyotr Rumyantsev, and admirals such as Fyodor Ushakov, she governed at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding rapidly by conquest and diplomacy. In the south, the Crimean Khanate was crushed following victories over the Ottoman Empire in the Russo–Turkish wars, and Russia colonised the territories of Novorossiya along the coasts of the Black and Azov Seas. In the west, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, ruled by Catherine's former lover, king Stanisław August Poniatowski, was eventually partitioned, with the Russian Empire gaining the largest share. In the east, Russia started to colonise Alaska, establishing Russian America.
Catherine reformed the administration of Russian guberniyas, and many new cities and towns were founded on her orders. An admirer of Peter the Great, Catherine continued to modernise Russia along Western European lines. However, military conscription and the economy continued to depend on serfdom, and the increasing demands of the state and private landowners led to increased levels of reliance on serfs. This was one of the chief reasons behind several rebellions, including the large-scale Pugachev's Rebellion of cossacks and peasants.
Catherine decided to have herself inoculated against smallpox by a Scottish doctor, Thomas Dimsdale. While this was considered a controversial method at the time, she succeeded. Her son Pavel was later inoculated as well. Catherine then sought to have inoculations throughout her empire stating: My objective was, through my example, to save from death the multitude of my subjects who, not knowing the value of this technique, and frightened of it, were left in danger. By 1800, approximately 2 million inoculations were administer ...
Qajar dynasty | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Qajar dynasty
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Qajar dynasty (listen ; Persian: سلسله قاجار Selsele-ye Qājār; also Romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.; Azerbaijani: قاجارلر Qacarlar) was an Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin, specifically from the Qajar tribe, which ruled Persia (Iran) from 1794 to 1925. The state ruled by the dynasty was officially known as the Sublime State of Persia (Persian: دولت علیّه ایران Dowlat-e Aliyye Iran). The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last Shah of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. In 1796, Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease, putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty, and Mohammad Khan was formally crowned as Shah after his punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects. In the Caucasus, the Qajar dynasty permanently lost many of Iran's integral areas to the Russians over the course of the 19th century, comprising modern-day Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan and Armenia.