Museum of the History of Cypriot Coinage

CYPRUS MUSEUM - Nicosia

Archaeological Museum of Cyprus is located in an impressive building built in neo classical style not far from the Turkish side with it's separation walls dominating this area alongside the older Venetian walls.

The museum has a wealth of information displaying the rich Cypriot culture with some statues having just been discovered only some decades ago.

Check the following videos on what more to see in Cyprus and Limassol and all the precious information presented underneath.

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Nicosia By CopterVisoin

NICOSIA OLD CITY

With its 5000 yearlong history, walking is the ideal way to get a feel for the character, history and continual cultural development of Lefkosia (Nicosia). Despite its historical difficulties, Nicosia is still the heart of Cyprus. This can be seen through the ongoing efforts to revitalize the old city, especially through the Nicosia Master Plan, executed under the auspices of the United Nations. Walking through Laiki Geitonia, you will see some remarkable examples of traditional urban architecture, such as the Leventis Municipal Museum and small art workshops. Visit Trypiotis Church (1695), the Museum of the History of Cypriot Coinage, and The Museum of George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides Collection of the Bank of Cyprus. Phaneromeni Church is the biggest church in the walled city, and right across is the Cross of Missirikos, a medieval church with gothic Italian elements that was converted into Araplar Mosque in 1571.

At the heart of the inner wall city is the Omerie Area with the Omerie Mosque (once a 14th century Medieval Church dedicated to St. Mary of the Augustines), and the restored Turkish Baths, which won a EUROPA NOSTRA prize. An archaeological site with finds from the Byzantine and Medieval times lies next to the Municipal Arts Centre and the old inns. The 13th century church / 16th century Latin Cathedral of Agia Sofia, and the Selimiye Mosque, can be seen from a distance between the Green line and Turkish-occupied Nicosia.

In Chrysaliniotissa neighbourhood, the renovated houses are once again inhabited after lying derelict following the Turkish invasion of 1974. The most important building is the 18th century Archontiko Odou Axiotheas, which is now used by the University of Cyprus as a Cultural Centre. The 10th century Church of Chrysaliniotssa is next, followed by the Multi-Crafts Centre, which makes and sells contemporary handicrafts. At Ermou Street, you can visit the Centre of Visual Arts and Research (CVAR) with over 1000 paintings by visitors to Cyprus in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. The dead-end of Ermou Street is part of the Green Line (buffer zone), which is controlled by the UN. The religious and cultural centre of the city is Archbishop Kyprianos Square with the Cathedral of St. John, the Folk Art Museum and the Cultural Foundation of Archbishop Makarios the III with its Byzantine Museum. The Folk Art Museum, the Pan Cyprian Gymnasium Museums, and the Museum of National Struggle, offer another aspect of Cypriot culture and history.

From Famagusta Gate Cultural Centre, take a walk on top of the 16th century Venetian walls to see the moat and the modern city outside the walls. At Podocatoro Bastion you will see the Statue of Liberty, representing the Cypriot struggle against British rule (1955-1959). At the neighbourhood of Agios Antonios, visit the Mansion House of the Dragoman, Hadjigeorgakis Cornesios (18th century), which now houses the ethnological museum of the city.

An open-air market takes place every Wednesday and Saturday at Constanza Bastion, next to Bayraktar Mosque. The commercial streets of Onasagoras and Ledra offer shops, restaurants, cafeterias and ice cream kiosks, whilst the Ledra Observatory Museum on the 11th floor of the Shacolas Tower building (in Ledra Street), offers an unobstructed view of the entire city.

Nicosia: The Birth and growth of a capital. Byzantine - Medieval Period

Since 1989, the Leventis Municipal Museum of Nicosia, the historical museum of the capital, has been dedicated to the promotion of the history of Nicosia and Cyprus in general. Now, the Leventis Museum incorporates its permanent collections into its new venture, rearranging the temporary exhibitions area for the sake of its new temporary exhibition: “Nicosia: The birth and growth of a capital. Byzantine-Medieval period”.

The exhibition will open for the public on 24 May 2018 and promises to offer an unprecedented museum experience.

The concept of the exhibition

The exhibition showcases the historical course of Nicosia as capital of Cyprus since the 10th c. when, according to historical information, Nicosia undertakes for the first time the role of the administrative centre of Byzantine Cyprus.

Also visited in the context of the exhibition is the establishment and development of Nicosia as capital of the feudal kingdom of the Lusignans until 1489. Cyprus then became part of the mercantile state of La Serenissima Republic of Venice, with Nicosia as the hub of Venetian rule (1489 -1570). The span of the exhibition ends at the year 1570 when Nicosia was subdued by the Ottoman Turks.

The itinerary of a magical historical journey

The exhibition unfolds along a “magical” historical route that sets out from the very entrance to the Museum to be concluded on the second floor. Already from the ground floor in the “Orientation Room”, the public will have the opportunity to explore the Medieval monuments of Nicosia within the fabric of the present-day city, by way of a touch screen. The city’s 3D digital model also illustrates the Venetian fortifications and includes a wealth of photographic and information material. The interactive map with the Medieval monuments was modelled by the Cyprus Institute and the Leventis Municipal Museum of Nicosia. The hall is enriched by exhibits of stone architectural members from Medieval monuments.

The route carries on across the first floor of the Museum’s permanent collections, in the Byzantine to the Venetian Period galleries, where among other exhibits the renowned Music Codex of Cyprus is on display. The Codex is a valuable source of information on the polyphonic music of Medieval Europe. The Codex is once again in Cyprus after six centuries since its transport to Italy as part of the dowry of Anne Lusignan, daughter of king Janus of Cyprus, after her wedding to Louis of Savoy in 1434. This precious exhibit was graciously loaned to the Leventis Museum by the National University Library of Turin for the purposes of this exhibition.

Next stop, the “Medieval Ceramics Collection” and references on the existence of pottery workshops in Nicosia. The presentation continues with significant items of Gothic art. Treading the historical path, the visitor will be shown to the famed “Caterina Cornaro Gallery” that only recently was enriched by an exclusive painting.

The presentation places special emphasis on the citadels and fortifications of the city of Nicosia, spanning the period from the creation of the city’s first Byzantine castle to the construction of the Venetian walls. The “mapping” of events then takes the visitor to the Museum’s “Maps Collection” featuring books, manuscripts and other items of particular historical significance regarding Nicosia’s siege by the Ottomans in 1570. Helmets, swords, bullets and representations on engravings invite the visitor to “experience” the historical turning point of the 9th of September, when Nicosia passes from the hands of the Venetians to the hands of the Ottomans.

The exhibition unfolds on the museum’s second floor, in the “Temporary Exhibitions Hall”, highlighting various aspects of Byzantine and Medieval Nicosia. People, institutions and legislations, Religious life and art, Life in the city and at home are the main exhibitory units that make up the historical setting within which the visitor will follow the city’s growth, structures and human activities. Here, one may examine and admire coins, rare books, pictures, tokens of remembrance, household items and other “treasures” of Medieval Nicosia.

The Cyprus Museum | Кипрский Археологический Музей 4K

Cyprus Archaeological Museum | Κυπριακό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο
• Кипрский Археологический Музей

Address: Museum 1 Avenue, 1516 Nicosia | Tickets‎: ‎€4,50

-Situated in Nicosia, this is the main archaeological Museum of Cyprus and traces the long history of civilization on the island from prehistoric times to the early Christian period.

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Mark Lex Eros - Cyprus - 10000 Years of History and Civilisation

Mark Lex Eros - Cyprus - 10000 Years of History and Civilisation (Historical Documentary)

Mark Lex Eros

Cyprus History and Civilization

Cyprus in your Heart introduces Cyprus History and Civilization.

Greek mosaics, Paphos, free part of Cyprus. UNESCO, 1965 Excavations of Polish People's Republic

Exhibition on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Polish archaeological work in Nea Paphos opens in the Cyprus Museum in Nicosia.
It is co-organized by the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology (PCMA), University of Warsaw and the Department of Antiquities of the Republic of Cyprus. The co-organizers are Institute of Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures, Polish Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Architecture, Wrocław University of Technology and Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków. It is organized within the framework of the International Museum Day and the European Night of Museums. Rector of the University of Warsaw has given it his honorary patronage. The exhibition will run from 25 May through 30 November 2015. Afterwards it is planned to find permanent home in the site museum in Paphos.
For the past 50 years, archaeologists from the PCMA excavating the UNESCO World Heritage site of Nea Paphos have uncovered important architectural complexes with well preserved wall paintings and mosaics. These masterpieces of ancient art, as well as the more mundane artifacts, illustrate the richness and diversity of life in the ancient capital of Cyprus. More information about the marketplace of Hellenistic and Roman Paphos was contributed recently by an expedition from the Jagiellonian University in Kraków working there since 2011. Lately, the Warsaw team of archaeologists and restorers has worked together with the Cypriot Department of Antiquities toward opening the district near the ancient harbor as an archaeological park for tourists with reconstructed porticoes and restored mosaic floors.
History of Polish excavations in Paphos
The first days of excavations in 1965 confirmed the importance of the site. A hoard of silver coins of the Alexander the Great type was followed by finds of marble sculpture and finely decorated mosaic floors that signaled the discovery of a late Roman palatial residence. Successive seasons of explorations in the southern wing of this building led to the uncovering in 1969 of a figural mosaic showing the Greek hero Theseus slaying the Minotaur. This became the namesake of the newly discovered structure. After that work concentrated on the official reception area in the southern wing of the Villa of Theseus. More mosaic floors and marble sculptures, including the mosaic of Achilles and a statue of Aphrodite with a sword, were uncovered. The eastern and northern wings were explored in the 1970s and early 1980s, uncovering the mosaic of Poseidon.
The spectacular discovery in 1983 of the mosaic of Aion opened a new stage of the project, which was now devoted to exploration of the residential quarter east of the Villa of Theseus. In the second half of the 1980s, investigations moved to the south of the Villa. Discoveries included more figural and geometric mosaics, places of domestic cult, household equipment buried under earthquake debris. The combined work of archaeologists and restorers led to the reconstruction of one of the porticoes in the main courtyard of the “Hellenistic” House (pictured on the front cover). Research by the University of Warsaw team is being continued in this area.
Life and art in the ancient Cypriot city
Close to 250 artifacts from Polish excavations go on show at the Cyprus Museum in Nicosia. The exhibition presents major themes: history of Paphos, residential and public districts, official and private cults, symbols of authority, the Paphos mint, building decoration — architectural styles, painting and mosaic floors, water in the service of the inhabitants and everyday life.
The display presents marble statuary, reconstructions of decorated architectural complexes, wall painting, artifacts representing all aspects of everyday life from religious worship to mundane activities, as well as commerce and craftsmanship, symbolic evidence of power and authority attested by coin minting. Multimedia presentations of the fine mosaic floors from the site carry the visitor across the island, to the place where they have been found and are on display, and a 3D model shows the changes taking place on the site in the course of almost a thousand years of development.

Episode 5 - Part 1:جزیره زیبای قبرس: دوره پیشا تاریخی تا پایان عصر برنز / Beautiful Island of Cyprus

دهگان

قسمت 5 - بخش 1
Episode 5 - Part 1


جزیره زیبای قبرس: دوره پیشا تاریخی تا پایان عصر برنز:
(پارینه سنگی ،خیرو کیتیا،عصر برنز ،آلاسیا ،کیتیون، مینوسی ها ، مایسنی ها ، فینیقی ها ، دولت شهر ها ،آشوریان، الهه باستانی آفرودیتی)

Beautiful Island of Cyprus: From prehistoric period to the end of Bronze Age.

جزیره ی زیبای قبرس در دریای مدیترانه و در میان سه قاره آسیا ، اروپا و آفریقا قرار دارد و از دیر باز به سبب همین جایگاه جغرافیایی اهمیتی فراوانی داشته است چرا که فرمانروایی بر این آبخست به مفهوم سیتره بر خاور دریای مدیترانه بوده است ، از این رو در بازه های زمانی گوناگون ، قدرت های بزرگ جهانی تلاش کردند تا این آبخست را در قلمروی خود نگه دارند.

دهکده باستانی خیروکیتیا در هزارهٔ ششم پیش از میلاد در دامنهٔ تپه‌ای در کرانه باختری رودخانه مارونیو در ساحل جنوبی قبرس پدید آمد
آثار برجای مانده در این بخش به دوره نوسنگی پیش از سفال باز می گردد ، در این بازه زمانی نیاکان ما به یکجانشینی مشغول بودند و ابزار خود را با سنگ و استخوان جانواران می ساختند، آنان با دامداری و شکار زندگی خود را میگذرانند ، همچنین مهم ترین فناوری این دوران سنگ چخماق بوده است.
نخستین گونه خیابان های شهری در این بخش پدیدار شدند و خانه‌ها در دو سوی خیابان‌ قرار گرفته اند.
تمام خانه ها به شکل دایره مانند و با سنگ های آهکی و چوب بنا شده اند ، در واقع هر خانه از چند اتاق مجزا از هم ساخته شده و فراخور کاربری اتاق شکل درونی آن متفاوت است ، درون بنا ها با نقاشی های ساده و رنگ های طبیعی تزئین شدند. این دهکده در سال های اخیر بازسازی شد و در سال 1988 به میراث جهانی یونسکو پیوست.

با آغاز عصر برنز یعنی 3500 سال پیش از میلاد کم کم نخستین شواهد شهری‌سازی به سوی سازمان‌دهی دولت شهرها و پیدایش نوشتن انجامید ، در این زمان سه تمدن کهن جهان یعنی هاراپا در جلگه سند ، میان رودان در جلگه رودهای دجله و فرات و مصر باستان در جلگه نیل پدید آمدند.
در این بازه زمانی بشر برای نخستین بار توانست آلیاژ برنز را برای ساختن افزار های گوناگون به کار گیرد ، مس فلزی چکش خوار اما کم استقامت بود از این رو افزاری که با آن ساخته میشد دوام چندانی نداشت اما با افزودن کمی فلز قلع به مس در هنگام ریختگری ، آلیاژی نوین را پدید آورد که آن را برنز نامیدند ، این آلیاژ تازه توان بسیار بیشتری نسبت به مس داشت و با شتاب فراوانی فراگیر شد . برنز برای ساخت بسیاری از افزاری چون شکار ،کشاورزی و جنگ به کار گرفته میشد.
بازرگانی دریایی نقش گسترده ای در هر چه بهتر شکوفا شدن تمدن ها ایفا کرد ، چرا که نه تنها کالا ها ، بلکه فناوری آنان نیز میان آنها رواج می یافت ، از این رو دنیای شناخته شده آن روزگار در روند جهانی شدن گام نهاد.

نویسنده و گوینده: محمد آمیغی


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Original soundtrack:
“ Orpheus Odyssey ” From Legends on Strings (Album) By Various

Ending soundtrack:
MT by Babak Vaziri

Digital Artists:
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English subtitle by Farzam Vanaki

Special Thanks to
Mohammad Ali Rayka

Written and Narrated by: Mohammad Amighi

Treasure Hunting: The British Museum on Cyprus

A discussion of the history of archaeology and the practice of hunting for treasure.

Groovy's Short History Of Cyprus Vodcast

short history of cyprus of a overview timeline and events

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Ancient Ruins of Afentrika (Urania) in Cyprus (Oct 17, 2016)

Filmed in Cyprus by Chris Krzentz on Oct 17, 2016 with Turkish Cypriot Retired Archaeologist Tuncer Bagiskan. If you like the videos, feel free to subscribe to this global youtube channel.

orthodox cathedral... Nicosia, Cyprus (Southeastern Europe)

History of the Jews in Cyprus | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the Jews in Cyprus

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
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- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
The history of the Jews in Cyprus dates back at least to the 2nd century BCE, when a considerable community of Jews on the island is first attested. The Jews had close relationships with many of the other religious groups on the island and were seen favourably by the Romans. During the war over the city of Ptolemais between Alexander Jannaeus and Ptolemy IX Lathyros, King of Cyprus, many Jews were killed. During the war the Jewish citizens remained committed in their allegiance to King Lathyros.

Kakopetria village visited.

Larnaka's Old Turkish Quater

On the way to Larnaka's International Airport, driving through the old Turkish quater.

Digital Interactive Visualisation of Archaeological Sites: A case study from Bronze Age Cyprus

Full title: Digital Interactive Visualisation of Archaeological Sites: A case study from Middle Bronze Age Cyprus

Archaeology has always been a profoundly visual discipline as it frequently utilises pictures, drawings, illustrations, artist’s impressions and, more recently, 3D models. However, while well-established in archaeology, 3D models are often uncritically adopted without a clear idea of how they might be used and perceived by different audiences. The research project I present is aimed at evaluating how varying audiences perceive 3D interactive visualisations of archaeological sites, engage with and learn through them. Using the case study of the Middle Bronze Age Cypriot settlement at Erimi- Laonin tou Porakou (2000-1450 BC), this research considers each phase of the multistage process from the creation of an interactive 3D model, to its presentation to varying audiences in a range of settings, to the evaluation of its effectiveness and the definition of guidelines for a subsequent improvement using users’ feedback. The methodology proposed for this project entails the application of both qualitative and quantitative approaches and an evaluation framework involving multiple iterations. Through a study conducted using different user groups (composed of expert and non-expert users), I collected and analysed users’ feedback to identify the best way to present 3D models of archaeological sites to different audiences, improving their impact and comprehensibility.

Francesca Dolcetti (University of York)

Cyprus | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Cyprus

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.


You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.



SUMMARY
=======
Cyprus ( ( listen); Greek: Κύπρος [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, located south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel, north of Egypt, and southeast of Greece.
The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC. As a strategic location in the Middle East, it was subsequently occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great. Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt, the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire, Arab caliphates for a short period, the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians, was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 (de jure until 1914).Cyprus was placed under British administration based on the Cyprus Convention in 1878 and was formally annexed by Britain in 1914. While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s. Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an extension of Anatolia by them; while, since the 19th century, the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece, which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s. Following nationalist violence in the 1950s, Cyprus was granted independence in 1960. In 1963, the 11-year intercommunal violence between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots started, which displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic. On 15 July 1974, a coup d'état was staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists and elements of the Greek military junta in an attempt at enosis, the incorporation of Cyprus into Greece. This action precipitated the Turkish invasion of Cyprus on 20 July, which led to the capture of the present-day territory of Northern Cyprus in the following month, after a ceasefire collapsed, and the displacement of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots. A separate Turkish Cypriot state in the north was established by unilateral declaration in 1983; the move was widely condemned by the international community, with Turkey alone recognizing the new state. These events and the resulting political situation are matters of a continuing dispute.
The Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the entire island, including its territorial waters and exclusive economic zone, with the exception of the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, which remain under British control according to the London and Zürich Agreements. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts: the area under the effective control of the Republic, located in the south and west, and comprising about 59% of the island's area; and the north, administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, covering about 36% of the island's area. Another nearly 4% of the island's area is covered by the UN buffer zone. The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces. The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law, amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union.Cyprus is a major tourist destination in the Mediterranean. With an advanced, high ...

Turkey | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Turkey

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.


You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.



SUMMARY
=======
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye [ˈtyɾcije]), officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ˈtyɾcije d͡ʒumˈhuɾijeti] ( listen)), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, located mainly in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The country is encircled by seas on three sides, with the Aegean Sea to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia and separate Europe from Asia. Ankara is the capital while Istanbul is the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre, classified as a leading global city. Approximately 70–80% of the country's citizens identify as ethnic Turks. Kurds are the largest minority at about 20% of the population.
At various points in its history, the region has been inhabited by diverse civilizations including the Assyrians, Greeks, Thracians, Phrygians, Urartians, and Armenians. Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century, and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolizes the start and foundation of Turkey. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into small Turkish principalities. Beginning in the late 13th-century, the Ottomans started uniting these Turkish principalities. After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453, Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe, West Asia and North Africa and became a world power. In the following centuries the state entered a period of decline with a gradual loss of territories and wars. In an effort to consolidate the weakening social and political foundations of the empire, Mahmut II started a period of modernisation in the early 19th century, bringing reforms in all areas of the state including the millitary and bureaucracy along with the emancipation of all citizens.In 1913, a coup d'état effectively put the country under the control of the Three Pashas. During World War I, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Assyrian and Pontic Greek subjects. Following the war, the conglomeration of territories and peoples that formerly comprised the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into several new states. The Turkish War of Independence, initiated by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues against occupying Allied Powers, resulted in the abolition of monarchy in 1922 and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, with Atatürk as its first president. Atatürk enacted numerous reforms, many of which incorporated various aspects of Western thought, philosophy, and customs into the new form of Turkish government. The Kurdish–Turkish conflict, an armed conflict between the Republic of Turkey and Kurdish insurgents, has been active since 1984 primarily in the southeast of the country. Various Kurdish groups demand separation from Turkey to create an independent Kurdistan or to have autonomy and greater political and cultural rights for Kurds in Turkey.
Turkey is a charter member of the UN, an early member of NATO, the IMF and the World Bank, and a founding member of the OECD, OSCE, BSEC, OIC and G-20. After becoming one of the first members of the Council of Europe in 1949, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995 and started accession negotiations with the European Union in 2005 which have been effectively stopped by the EU in 2017 due to Turkey’s ...

Paphos | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Paphos


00:00:50 1 History
00:00:58 1.1 Founding myth
00:02:03 1.2 Old Paphos
00:03:05 1.2.1 Aphrodite and Paphos
00:05:13 1.3 New Paphos
00:08:05 1.4 Archaeology
00:08:47 1.5 Post-Classical history
00:09:29 1.6 Modern Paphos
00:10:46 2 Economy
00:11:40 3 Landmarks
00:16:30 4 Climate
00:17:50 5 Transport
00:18:31 5.1 Public transport
00:18:51 5.2 Motorways
00:19:22 5.3 Airport
00:19:50 5.4 Port
00:20:32 6 Hospitals and medical centres
00:21:26 7 Education
00:21:48 7.1 Higher education
00:22:11 8 Arts
00:24:23 9 Sports
00:26:07 10 Notable people
00:26:57 11 Twinnings
00:27:32 12 See also



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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
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Paphos (Greek: Πάφος [ˈpafos]; Turkish: Baf) is a coastal city in the southwest of Cyprus and the capital of Paphos District. In antiquity, two locations were called Paphos: Old Paphos, today at Kouklia, and New Paphos.The current city of Paphos lies on the Mediterranean coast, about 50 km (30 mi) west of Limassol (the biggest port on the island), which has an A6 highway connection. Paphos International Airport is the country's second-largest airport. The city has a subtropical-Mediterranean climate, with the mildest temperatures on the island.
Paphos is included in the official UNESCO list of cultural and natural treasures of the world's heritage for its spectacular ancient remains, and was selected as a European Capital of Culture for 2017, along with Aarhus.