Islamic Ayla Ruined City Aqaba Jordan September 2013
Ayla Islamic City 3D Modeling
Congratulations to Jordan University of Science and Technology who won The Royal Marine Conservation Society of Jordan (JREDS) competition that challenged them to reimagine Islamic Ayla. The students submitted a phenomenal 3D model of the city, spanning the Umayyad to Abbasid Period.
Check out this video to get a better sense of how Islamic Ayla would have looked!
Op ontdekkingstocht door Ayla, oude stad van Islam bij Aqaba in Jordanië
Top Attractions in Aqaba - Jordan, Middle East
DBH Unplugged continues its journey through Jordan into the coastal city of Aqaba. Here David displays the activities, sights and surroundings of this historic city, beginning with a dive into the Red Sea. Crystal clear waters make swimming, snorkeling and diving an amazing experience, with beautiful coral reef lining the sea's floor. If you'd prefer to stay dry, enjoy a tour and BBQ with amazing mountains, four countries, glistening waters and Aqaba port surrounding you. Aqaba by land also has some interesting, notable sites to see, like the first Islamic city to be founded outside the Arabian Peninsula. The ruins of the Ancient City of Ayla date back to 650 AD, with the remains of the fortification open to the public. Wander along this crossroad between Asia, Africa and the Middle East in what is known today as modern day Aqaba. From the land to the sea this ancient coastal city has plenty to see and do during your travels through Jordan. Find all the top sties and activities of the city in the DBH Guide: Aqaba, also available for your Kindle. Bring along the DBH Jordan Country Guide to make your trip an unforgettable one.
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Top Attractions in Aqaba - Jordan, Middle East
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Top Places to Visit in Jordan [Middle East] - A Tour Through Images | Historical Places in Jordan
-: Let's Travel The World Together :-
#JordanTourGuide,
#Jordan (officially The Hashemite #KingdomOfJordan), is an Arab kingdom in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. It is is a founding member of the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Co-operation, and is one of two Arab states to have signed a peace treaty with Israel.
The capital and most populous city of jordan is #Amman. It is also country's economic, political and cultural centre.
Jordan [#MiddleEast] has a wealth of Beauty and Culture which can attract people from all over the world to visit there. Here is our list of the Top Beautiful Places to visit in Jordan so you can spend your time wisely.
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#TopPlacesToVisitinJordan, #PetraJordan, #TripToJordan,
Best Tourist Places to Visit in Jordan:-
- #TheJordanMuseum (Amman)
- Royal Automobile Museum (Amman)
- Jabal Al-Qalaa (Amman) – A Roman Temple
- #JordanNationalArchaeologicalMuseum (Amman)
- Children's Museum (Amman)
- Darat al Funun - Home for the arts and artists from the Arab world. (Amman)
- Ola's Garden (Amman)
- Rujm Al-Malfouf (Amaan) Ammonite watch tower built around 1000 BC.
- Jordanian Museum of Popular Tradition (Amman)
- Dar Al-Anda Art Gallery (Amman)
- Jordan National Gallery of Fine Arts (Amman)
- Central Bank of Jordan Currency Museum (Amman)
- Jordan Folklore Museum (Amman)
- #AlexanderTheGreatGallery (Amman)
- Wadi Finan Art Gallery (Amman)
- Roman Amphitheater (Amman)
- Wadi Zarqa Ma'in (Amman)
- The Citadel (Amman) – Historical Site, L-shaped hill is one of the seven jabals that originally made up Amman.
- Qasr al-Kharrana (Amman) - Desert Castles
- Iraq Al Amir (Amman)
- 6 Yard (Amman)
- King Abdullah Mosque (Amman)
- Ottoman railway ten arches bridge (Amaan) - Built in 1910
- King Hussein Bin Talal Mosque (Amman)
- Qasr al-Abd (Amman) - palace from approximately 200 BCE
- Badia 4x4 Adventures (Amman)
- The Boulevard (Amman)
- Al Balad – Downtown Amman (Amman) - old commercial area
- TIRAZ Widad Kawar Home for Arab Dress (Amman)
- Love on a Bike (Amman) - offers a wide selection of art & handmade products- paintings, pottery
- JADAL for Knowledge and Culture (Amman) - open space for cultural activities & knowledge sharing
- Rainbow Street (Amman)-a famous historic area of Jabal Amman
Part:2:-
- #PetraWorldHeritageSite - The Treasury (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- Monastery (Al Dayr)(Petra-Wadi Musa)
- Siq (Petra-Wadi Musa) - the main entrance to the ancient Nabatean city of Petra
- High Place of Sacrifice (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- The Royal Tombs (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- Al-Beidha - Little Petra (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- Street of Facades (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- #ByzantineChurch (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- #PetraMuseum (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- Obelisk Tomb (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- The Great Temple (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- Sextius Florentinus Tomb (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- Jordan Desert Hikes (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- Horse Riding Jordan (Petra-Wadi Musa)
- Dead Sea
- #JordanRiverBaptismalSite (Dead Sea Region)
- Mujib Nature Reserve (Dead Sea Region)
- Cave of Prophet Lut (Dead Sea Region)
- O Beach (Dead Sea Region)
- Wadi Rum Protected Area (Wadi Rum)
- Lawrence's Spring (Wadi Rum)
- Jebel Khazali (Wadi Rum)
- Desert Moon Camp - Day Tours (Wadi Rum)
- Wadi Rum Trail (#WadiRum)
- Mount Nebo (Madaba)
- Church of St John the Baptist (Madaba)
- The Church of Saint George (Madaba)
- Madaba Archaeological Museum (Madaba)
- Madaba Archaeological Park (Madaba)
- La Storia Tourism Complex (Madaba)
- Wadi Jadid (Madaba)
- Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a) (Madaba)
- Machaerus (Madaba) - the location of the imprisonment and execution of John the Baptist
- Wadi Al Hidan (Madaba)
- Jerash Ruins (Jerash)
- Ajloun Fort (Jerash)
- Wadi Araba Desert (Aqaba)
- Berenice Beach Club (Aqaba)
- Aqaba Archaeological Museum (Aqaba)
- Arts of Sham Countries Art Gallery (Aqaba)
- Islamic Ayla City (Aqaba)
- Bait Alaqaba Diving Center (Aqaba)
- City Beach (Aqaba)
- Sharif Hussein Bin Ali (Aqaba)
- Prophet Shoaib Shrine (Al Salt)
- Salt Turk Sehitligi (Al Salt)
- Umm Qais Museum (Umm Qais)
- The Museum at the Lowest Place on Earth (Safi)
- The Baptism Site Of Jesus Christ (Al-Maghtas)
- Quseir Amra (Azraq)
- Qasr Azraq (Azraq)
- Azraq Wetland Reserve (Azraq)
- Wadi Ghuweir (Dana)
- Dana Nature Reserve (Dana)
- Ajloun Nature Reserve
- Ajlun Castle (Qala'at ar-Rabad) (Ajlun)
- Tell Mar Elias (Ajlun)
- Wadi al-Mujib
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Me And Friends - The Movie Aqaba
Aqaba - Me And Friends - The Movie
© Samo Soviet | SamoSoviet.tk
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All About Aqaba :
Aqaba (Arabic: العقبة, Al-ʻAqabah) is a coastal town in the far south of Jordan. It is the capital of Aqaba Governorate. Aqaba is strategically important to Jordan as it is the country's only seaport. The town borders Eilat, Israel, and there is a border post where it is possible to cross between the two countries (see Wadi Araba Crossing). Both Aqaba and Eilat are at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba. The town is best known today as a diving and beach resort. However, industrial activity remains important to the area, and the town is an exporter of phosphate and some shells. The town is also an important administrative center within the far south of Jordan.
Aqaba has been an inhabited settlement since 4000 BC profiting from its strategic location at the junction of trading routes between Asia, Africa, and Europe. The early settlement was presumably Edomite in ancient times. It was a center of the Edomites, and then of the Arab Nabataeans, who populated the region extensively.
The Bible refers to the area in (1 Kings 9:26) King Solomon also built ships in Ezion-Geber, which is near Elath in Edom, on the shores of the Red Sea. This verse probably refers to an Iron Age port city on the same ground as modern Aqaba.
The Ptolemaic Greeks called it Berenice, and the Romans Aila and Aelana.[2] During Roman times, the great long distance road the Via Traiana Nova led south from Damascus through Amman, terminating in Aqaba, where it connected with a west road leading to Philistia and Egypt.
Egypt Gate (Bab el Msir) in the ruins of Ayla
Soon after the Islamic conquests, it came under the rule of the Islamic Caliphate, and thereafter passed through the hands of such dynasties as the Umayyads, Abbasids, Fatimids and Mamluks. The early days of the Islamic era saw the construction of the city of Ayla (fr), which was described by the geographer Shams Eddin Muqaddasi as being next to the true settlement, which was lying in ruins close by. The ruins of Ayla (unearthed in the 1980s by an American-Jordanian archeological team) are a few minutes walk north along the main waterfront road.
Some stories in the famous Arabian Nights also refer to Sinbad adventures to take the sea from this port city of Ayla.
During the 12th century, the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem controlled the area and built their fortress of Helim, which remains relatively well-preserved today. In addition to building a stronghold within Aqaba, the Crusaders fortified the small island of Ile de Graye (now known as Pharaoh's Island, near the shore of Sinai), now lies in Egyptian territorial waters about 7 kilometers west of Aqaba.
By 1187, both Aqaba and the island had been recaptured, for Muslim rule, by Saladin. The Mamluks took over in 1250 and rebuilt the fort in the 14th century under one of the last Mamluk sultans, Qansah al-Ghouri.
By the beginning of the 16th century, the Mamluk dynasty had fallen into decline and the area came under the influence of the Turkish/Ottoman Empire. During the following period, the city declined in status, for 400 years remaining a simple fishing village of little significance.
During World War I, the occupying Ottoman forces were forced to withdraw from the town after a raid, known as the Battle of Aqaba, led by T. E. Lawrence and the Arab forces of Sharif Hussein in 1917, making the territory part of the Kingdom of Hejaz, under the rule of Prince Faisal. The capture of Aqaba helped open supply lines from Egypt up to Arab and British forces afield further north in Transjordan and Greater Palestine, and more importantly alleviated a threat of a Turkish offensive onto the strategically important Suez Canal.
Aqaba was ceded to the British protectorate of Transjordan in 1925.
In 1965, King Hussein attempted to give Aqaba room to grow by trading land with Saudi Arabia. In return for 6000 square kilometers of desertland in Jordan's interior, the Saudis traded 12 kilometers of prime coastline to the south of Aqaba. In addition to the extra land for expansion of the port, the swap also gave the country access to the magnificent Yamanieh coral reef.
Aqaba was a major site for imports of Iraqi goods in the 1980s until the Persian Gulf War.
In August 2000, the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority Law was passed by the Jordanian Parliament. The law established the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA)[1] as the statutory institution empowered with regulatory, administrative, fiscal and economic responsibilities within the Aqaba Special Economic Zone (ASEZ).
On August 20, 2005, an early-morning rocket attack nearly struck a U.S. Navy ship docked there causing damage to nearby facilities in the city; the attack hit the neighboring Israeli port-town of Eilat. Al-Qaeda, or an affiliate, claimed responsibility.
Aqaba Archeological Museum, Jordan
Learning about early islamic history in Aqaba.
#VisitJordan #VisitAqaba #IslamHeritageJordan #Keluargapelancong #AqabaArcheologicalMuseum #IslamicCityAyla
GoPro Hero 6 - Diving | Parasailing | Tube | Jet Skiing | Red Sea Aqaba City
Aqaba City
Aqaba (English: /ˈækəbə/; Arabic: العقبة) is the only coastal city in Jordan and the largest and most populous city on the Gulf of Aqaba. Situated in southernmost Jordan, Aqaba is the administrative centre of the Aqaba Governorate. The city had a population of 148,398 in 2015 and a land area of 375 square kilometres (144.8 sq mi). Today, Aqaba plays a major role in the development of the Jordanian economy, through the vibrant trade and tourism sectors. The Port of Aqaba also serves other countries in the region.
Aqaba's strategic location at the northeastern tip of the Red Sea between the continents of Asia and Africa, has made its port important over the course of thousands of years.
The ancient city was called Elath, adopted in Latin as Aela and in Arabic as Ayla. Its strategic location and proximity to copper mines, made it a regional hub for copper production and trade in the Chalcolithic period. Aela became a bishopric under Byzantine rule and later became a Latin Catholic titular see after Islamic conquest around AD 650, when it became known as Ayla; the name Aqaba is late medieval. The Great Arab Revolt's Battle of Aqaba, depicted in the film Lawrence of Arabia, resulted in victory for Arab forces over the Ottoman defenders.
Aqaba's location next to Wadi Rum and Petra has placed it in Jordan's golden triangle of tourism, which strengthened the city's location on the world map and made it one of the major tourist attractions in Jordan. The city is administered by the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority, which has turned Aqaba into a low-tax, duty-free city, attracting several mega projects like Ayla Oasis, Saraya Aqaba, Marsa Zayed and expansion of the Port of Aqaba. They are expected to turn the city into a major tourism hub in the region. However, industrial and commercial activities remain important, due to the strategic location of the city as the country's only seaport.
مدينة العقبة
العقبة مدينة تقع في أقصى جنوب المملكة الأردنيّة الهاشميّة على ساحل البحر الأحمر، وهي مركز محافظة العقبة. تبعد حوالي 330 كيلومترات جنوب العاصمة عمّان. بلغ عدد سكانها في عام 2015 حوالي 148,398 نسمة، حيث تُعتبر خامس أكبر مدينة في المملكة.
تتميز مدينة العقبة بأنها منطقة استراتيجية والمنفذ البحري الوحيد للأردن، للعقبة حدود مع مدينة حقل في المملكة العربية السعودية عبر مركز حدود الدرة, ومصر، وأيضا مع مدينة ايلات عبر معبر وادي عربة وكلتا المدينتين تقعا على رأس خليج العقبة المتفرع من البحر الأحمر. وتشتهر العقبة كمنطقة للغوص وبشواطئها المطلة على البحر الأحمر.
تضم المدينة العديد من المنشآت الصناعية الهامة، والمناطق التجارية الحرة، ومطار الملك حسين الدولي. وتعتبر مركزا إدارياً مهماً في منطقة أقصى جنوب الأردن. ومصدر للفوسفات وبعض أنواع الصدف. ويقدر عدد سكان المدينة بحوالي 150,000 نسمة.
«في مادة أيل في لسان العرب، أيل اسم من أسماء الله عز وجل عبرانيٍ أو سرياني، لأن إيلا لغة في إل وهو الله عز وجل»
«وفي رأي آخر أيلة مشتقة من (أيل) الواردة في نص جلجاميش بمعنى الله، وكان (أيل) إله الأكاديين والكنعانيين والعبرانيين، فهي بالتالي سامية وتعني (الله) وبهذا تتفق مع تفسير علماء اللغة العربية»
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مدينة العقبة ليلاً فندق كمبنسكي - Aqaba City at Night Kempinski Hotel
Al-Aqaba City
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مدينة العقبة ليلاً فندق كمبنسكي - Aqaba City at Night Kempinski Hotel
Aqaba (English: /ˈækəbə/; Arabic: العقبة) is the only coastal city in Jordan and the largest and most populous city on the Gulf of Aqaba. Situated in southernmost Jordan, Aqaba is the administrative centre of the Aqaba Governorate. The city had a population of 148,398 in 2015 and a land area of 375 square kilometres (144.8 sq mi).Today, Aqaba plays a major role in the development of the Jordanian economy, through the vibrant trade and tourism sectors. The Port of Aqaba also serves other countries in the region.
Aqaba's strategic location at the northeastern tip of the Red Sea between the continents of Asia and Africa, has made its port important over the course of thousands of years.
The ancient city was called Elath, adopted in Latin as Aela and in Arabic as Ayla. Its strategic location and proximity to copper mines, made it a regional hub for copper production and trade in the Chalcolithic period. Aela became a bishopric under Byzantine rule and later became a Latin Catholic titular see after Islamic conquest around AD 650, when it became known as Ayla; the name Aqaba is late medieval.The Great Arab Revolt's Battle of Aqaba, depicted in the film Lawrence of Arabia, resulted in victory for Arab forces over the Ottoman defenders.
Aqaba's location next to Wadi Rum and Petra has placed it in Jordan's golden triangle of tourism, which strengthened the city's location on the world map and made it one of the major tourist attractions in Jordan. The city is administered by the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority, which has turned Aqaba into a low-tax, duty-free city, attracting several mega projects like Ayla Oasis, Saraya Aqaba, Marsa Zayed and expansion of the Port of Aqaba. They are expected to turn the city into a major tourism hub in the region. However, industrial and commercial activities remain important, due to the strategic location of the city as the country's only seaport.
Ayla (city) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ayla (city)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Aqaba (English: ; Arabic: العقبة /æl ˈʕæqaba/) is the only coastal city in Jordan and the largest and most populous city on the Gulf of Aqaba. Situated in southernmost Jordan, Aqaba is the administrative centre of the Aqaba Governorate. The city had a population of 148,398 in 2015 and a land area of 375 square kilometres (144.8 sq mi). Today, Aqaba plays a major role in the development of the Jordanian economy, through the vibrant trade and tourism sectors. The Port of Aqaba also serves other countries in the region.Aqaba's strategic location at the northeastern tip of the Red Sea between the continents of Asia and Africa, has made its port important over the course of thousands of years.The ancient city was called Elath, adopted in Latin as Aela and in Arabic as Ayla.
Its strategic location and proximity to copper mines, made it a regional hub for copper production and trade in the Chalcolithic period.
Aela became a bishopric under Byzantine rule and later became a Latin Catholic titular see after Islamic conquest around AD 650, when it became known as Ayla; the name Aqaba is late medieval. The Great Arab Revolt's Battle of Aqaba, depicted in the film Lawrence of Arabia, resulted in victory for Arab forces over the Ottoman defenders.Aqaba's location next to Wadi Rum and Petra has placed it in Jordan's golden triangle of tourism, which strengthened the city's location on the world map and made it one of the major tourist attractions in Jordan. The city is administered by the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority, which has turned Aqaba into a low-tax, duty-free city, attracting several mega projects like Ayla Oasis, Saraya Aqaba, Marsa Zayed and expansion of the Port of Aqaba. They are expected to turn the city into a major tourism hub in the region. However, industrial and commercial activities remain important, due to the strategic location of the city as the country's only seaport.
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A RESORT IN A DESERT (AQABA)
Took a two day trip to the desert!
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Aqaba, Jordan
This is a Call for Christians to pray for Aqaba, Jordan.
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Aqaba مدينة العقبة
Aqaba City
Aqaba (English: /ˈækəbə/; Arabic: العقبة) is the only coastal city in Jordan and the largest and most populous city on the Gulf of Aqaba. Situated in southernmost Jordan, Aqaba is the administrative centre of the Aqaba Governorate. The city had a population of 148,398 in 2015 and a land area of 375 square kilometres (144.8 sq mi). Today, Aqaba plays a major role in the development of the Jordanian economy, through the vibrant trade and tourism sectors. The Port of Aqaba also serves other countries in the region.
Aqaba's strategic location at the northeastern tip of the Red Sea between the continents of Asia and Africa, has made its port important over the course of thousands of years.
The ancient city was called Elath, adopted in Latin as Aela and in Arabic as Ayla. Its strategic location and proximity to copper mines, made it a regional hub for copper production and trade in the Chalcolithic period. Aela became a bishopric under Byzantine rule and later became a Latin Catholic titular see after Islamic conquest around AD 650, when it became known as Ayla; the name Aqaba is late medieval. The Great Arab Revolt's Battle of Aqaba, depicted in the film Lawrence of Arabia, resulted in victory for Arab forces over the Ottoman defenders.
Aqaba's location next to Wadi Rum and Petra has placed it in Jordan's golden triangle of tourism, which strengthened the city's location on the world map and made it one of the major tourist attractions in Jordan. The city is administered by the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority, which has turned Aqaba into a low-tax, duty-free city, attracting several mega projects like Ayla Oasis, Saraya Aqaba, Marsa Zayed and expansion of the Port of Aqaba. They are expected to turn the city into a major tourism hub in the region. However, industrial and commercial activities remain important, due to the strategic location of the city as the country's only seaport.
مدينة العقبة
العقبة مدينة تقع في أقصى جنوب المملكة الأردنيّة الهاشميّة على ساحل البحر الأحمر، وهي مركز محافظة العقبة. تبعد حوالي 330 كيلومترات جنوب العاصمة عمّان. بلغ عدد سكانها في عام 2015 حوالي 148,398 نسمة، حيث تُعتبر خامس أكبر مدينة في المملكة.
تتميز مدينة العقبة بأنها منطقة استراتيجية والمنفذ البحري الوحيد للأردن، للعقبة حدود مع مدينة حقل في المملكة العربية السعودية عبر مركز حدود الدرة, ومصر، وأيضا مع مدينة ايلات عبر معبر وادي عربة وكلتا المدينتين تقعا على رأس خليج العقبة المتفرع من البحر الأحمر. وتشتهر العقبة كمنطقة للغوص وبشواطئها المطلة على البحر الأحمر.
تضم المدينة العديد من المنشآت الصناعية الهامة، والمناطق التجارية الحرة، ومطار الملك حسين الدولي. وتعتبر مركزا إدارياً مهماً في منطقة أقصى جنوب الأردن. ومصدر للفوسفات وبعض أنواع الصدف. ويقدر عدد سكان المدينة بحوالي 150,000 نسمة.
«في مادة أيل في لسان العرب، أيل اسم من أسماء الله عز وجل عبرانيٍ أو سرياني، لأن إيلا لغة في إل وهو الله عز وجل»
«وفي رأي آخر أيلة مشتقة من (أيل) الواردة في نص جلجاميش بمعنى الله، وكان (أيل) إله الأكاديين والكنعانيين والعبرانيين، فهي بالتالي سامية وتعني (الله) وبهذا تتفق مع تفسير علماء اللغة العربية»
How to find me:
Instagram:
Twitter:
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Snapchat: ahmed.alnakeeb
GoPro Hero 6 Black:
GoPro Karma Grip:
Canon 5D Mk III
Subscribe to my channel and turn on post notifications, then comment below what you would like to film in Slow motion with a HERO6! give the video a like as well ;)
Comment below if you have any questions
For business inquires, contact me here:
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Please | LIKE | SHARE | SUBSCRIBE |
Petra Idols Discard the Petra Thesis About Islam
Petra Idols Discard the Petra Thesis About Islam
Dan Gibson’s Petra thesis has given birth to a bizarre kind of foolery. The two Mecca phantasy. The anti-Islamic forces are very, very stubborn in their effort to prove that Petra was the first Mecca and Mecca is the second Mecca. They call Petra as the sacred city of Islam. But this foolery of anti-Islamic forces gets the toughest blow when Petra shows its ornamental idols hewed on every building. You please look at these pictures. Almost all the houses of Petra bear these idols. Such idols were not with the houses in Mecca. So the first blow of idols falls on the people who believe in the first Mecca and the second Mecca. In fact, Mecca is only one and that is in the Mecca province of Saudi Arabia.
I know that the most foolish nation in the world believe in idolatry of Islam, and for that reason they prefer Petra to Mecca for the Muslims who reject such foolish ideas. They should keep in mind the historical truth that no building of Mecca was hewn out of rock like those of Petra, and no idols were there in any building of Mecca which was unlike Petra. The so-called 360 idols were in the premises of the Kaaba in pre-Quranic era. No other place was there in Mecca for any idols.
On the very day of the conquest of Mecca, Hazrat Muhammad (SM) demolished all the idols of the Kaaba premises. He stood before every idol to point out his walking stick towards it and recited the Quranic verse “The truth has appeared, the falsehood has disappeared, and it is the lot of falsehood to vanish” and there and then the idol broke down to dust. He thus destroyed all the idols. Doubtlessly in a miraculous way. Mecca became the city of no idol. On the other hand, the whole territory of Petra is still ornamented with many idols. It proves that Petra was not Mecca and that Hazrat Muhammad (SM) did not conquer Petra and that he broke no idol of Petra. Thus the existence of idols in Petra Discards the idea of two Mecca as well as the so-called Petra thesis.
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Digital Approaches to Ancient Literacy: The Case of Safaitic
Introduction | Elias Muhanna, Manning Assistant Professor of Comparative Literature
Guest speaker | Ahmad Al-Jallad, Director of the Leiden Center for the Study of Ancient Arabia, University Lecturer, Leiden University
About the speaker:
Ahmad Al-Jallad is University Lecturer in Semitic Linguistics at Leiden University and Director of the Leiden Center for the Study of Ancient Arabia (2015-present). He specializes in the early history of Arabic and North Arabian, and has done research on Arabic from the pre-Islamic period based on documentary sources, the Graeco-Arabica (Arabic in Greek transcription from the pre-Islamic period), language classification, North Arabian epigraphy, and historical Semitic linguistics. He has written the first grammar of Safaitic, a corpus of Ancient North Arabian inscriptions from northern Jordan and southern Syria; its second edition, with a dictionary of more than 1400 entries, will appear in 2018. His current book project ‘The Word, the Blade, and the Pen: Three thousand years of Arabic’ (Princeton University Press) tells the story of the Arabic language, from its first attestations in the Iron Age until the age of the internet. Al-Jallad is Co-PI of the Landscapes of Survival Archaeological Project in the Jebel Qurma region of Jordan, of the Thaj Archaeological Project in Saudi Arabia, and co-leads epigraphic expeditions to the basalt desert of Northern Jordan yearly.
Abstract:
This talk will present a newly discovered and ground-breaking Arabic inscription with significant historical implication. To date, over 50,000 inscriptions in an Ancient North Arabian alphabet called Safaitic have been discovered, and many more await study in the Syro-Jordanian Black Desert. The large quantity of these texts along with their seemingly mundane contents have suggested to researchers that literacy was widespread among the Arabian nomads of classical antiquity. In 2017, the OCIANA project (Oxford) completed the digitization of some 36000 Safaitic inscriptions, providing the first opportunity to study the massive corpus using the toolbox of digital humanities. This talk will investigate claims regarding mass literacy by looking at how many unique individuals there are in the corpus, how many individuals produced more than one text, and the relationship between content and authorship. We conclude that the corpus provides far less evidence for mass literacy than previously assumed. Furthermore, the answers to the aforementioned questions further underscore how the purpose and function of the Safaitic inscriptions remains a mystery.