The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yassawi, a Sufi saint, in Turkestan, Kazakhstan. With English subtitles
In this short 2004 documentary, the mausoleum of a famous Sufi saint, Khoja Ahmed Yassawi (1093-1166), in Turkestan / Kazakhstan (Central Asia) is presented in all its splendour and delicacy.
Kazakhstan is deeply coined by nomadic culture. We accompany a nomad family to their first pilgrimage to the only remaining stone monument in Kazakhstan. There, we can admire the beauty of ancient Sufi tradition (a mystical dimension of Islam) that also included old pre-Islamic and shamanistic traditions, like the chanting into a kind of trance. Beautiful choir music is still sung daily inside the ancient tomb.
No copyright infringed intented. I do not own anything in the video, everything belongs to its respective owners.
Aral Sea: Man-made environmental disaster - BBC News
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It took just 40 years for the Aral Sea to dry up. Fishing ports suddenly found themselves in a desert. But in one small part of the sea, water is returning. Latest satellite pictures reveal that 90% of the Aral Sea has dried up, forming a new desert between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in Central Asia. It's a man-made environmental disaster. As part of the BBC's Richer World Season, Rustam Qobil visits the Aral Sea, a toxic desert sea bed, and talks to people who have lost their sea, health and loved ones.
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MIT-Harvard Conference on the Uyghur Human Rights Crisis
This conference aims to present the police state in China, where over one million innocent Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslims have been forced into concentration camps since 2016; explore China’s use of technology to escalate the crisis by conducting digital, biological, and cyber surveillance on the Uyghur; introduce the biopolitics of China’s “war on terror” in countering Uyghur people as an ethnicity; and open a dialogue on our role as leaders, educators, and technologists in engaging with China while being aware of its massive human rights violations.
Transcript of the event is available at
AGENDA:
Welcome & Speaker Introductions
Panel 1 Keynote Speakers:
(30:54) Sean R. Roberts, PhD: Associate Professor of the Practice of International Affairs; Director, International Development Studies Program, George Washington University
(50:30) Darren Byler, PhD: Lecturer of Sociocultural Anthropology, University of Washington; Writer for CNN, ChinaFile, Dissent, and SupChina
(01:15:06) Rian Thum, PhD: Associate Professor of History, Loyola University New Orleans; Author of The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History (Harvard University Press, 2014)
(01:41:30) Q&A with speakers
Panel 2 Keynote Speakers:
(01:57:21) Jessica Batke: Senior Editor at ChinaFile in New York City; former foreign affairs research analyst in the US State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research of Uyghurs
(02:12:29) Gene A. Bunin: Independent scholar, freelance journalist, and curator of the Xinjiang Victims Database at shahit.biz
Q&A and discussion with speakers
Co-sponsors: MIT Center for International Studies, Radius at MIT, Harvard University’s Committee on Inner Asian and Altaic Studies, Harvard FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, MIT Student Activities Office, MIT CIS Human Rights and Technology Program
Event held Saturday, April 20, 2019 at 9:30am to 1:30pm at MIT Building 32, Kirsch Auditorium, Room 123 (Stata Center)
32 VASSAR ST, Cambridge, MA 02139
The MIT Center for International Studies (CIS) is a world premier, university-based research and education center. Learn more at
The MIT Starr Forum is a flagship public event series hosted by CIS. Learn more at
Halal Love (and Sex) - trailer
Removal of Islamic architectural symbols from Chinese mosques
In a new step against the Muslims, the Chinese authorities removed the Islamic architectural symbols “Al Hilal” (Crescent) and the “Najma” (Star) from the highest lighthouses and replaced them with Chinese architectural symbols.
This was announced by a reporter in a report prepared after his visit to China, where he noticed the matter in the city of Jing Ju center of the province of Henan Chinese.
According to a Muslim citizen in China's Henan province, a local religious affairs official said that the mosque Beida is built in Islamic architecture and does not fit into Chinese architectural styles and this needs to change.
The Chinese government adopted a new law in 2017 to make Islam a Chinese religion, making it a local religion in harmony with Chinese culture. One of the most prominent steps in this direction is to erase Islamic architectural symbols from mosques and remove Islamic culture from the whole country.
Shapsug's expedition (Part 1)
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Film about the results of the ethnographic blogger’s “Shapsug's Expedition”, held in October-November 2018 in 13 villages (auls) of the Black Sea Circassians-Shapsugs of the Krasnodar Territory in the Tuapse and Lazarevsky Districts. The first part is a story about the Black Sea Shapsugs, their history, life, religion, as well as an overview of the auls of Psebe and Aguy-Shapsug in the Tuapse district.
Contacts:
e-mail: v.shtybin@yandex.ru
VKontakte: vk.com/circassian_notes
Facebook: facebook.com/vitaliy.shtybin
Instagram: instagram.com/shtybin_on_air/
Telegram: t.me/circassian_notes
Palestinians Demand UK Justice: Islam TV Report
Palestinian NGO Al-Haq take UK ministers to court (February 2009): Islam TV Report
Features: Interview with solicitor Phil Shiner and Mary Nazzal-Batayneh, Chair of Human Rights Legal Aid Trust (hrlegalaid.com).
For more information:
West Tce Cemetery - Part 1: Afghan section of West Tce Cemetery
Turkmenistan/Ashgabat (Dance and music) Part 3
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On my channel you can find more than 1000 films of almost 80 countries. See the playlist on my youtube channel.Enjoy!
Turkmenistan Culture
Turkmenistan culture is slightly different from the cultural traditions of the neighboring Muslim states of Central Asia. The reason to this is that the ancestors of the Turkmen were nomadic tribes whereas the lands of modern Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were populated by settled tribes of farmers. This particular fact reflected on such aspect as cultural development of the Turkmen people. The basic milestones of Turkmenistan culture formation and development are related to the traditions of Turkic-speaking oguzs. The latter go back to the pre-Islamic period. The oguzs' traditions found their reflection in literature, music, folklore of the Turkmen.
The most known source of that period is the national oguz epos Oguz-nameh also belonging to the cultural legacy of the Turkmen, Azerbaijanis and Turks. It was passed orally from generation to generation and was written down in the mid-16th century. Another epic monument is the poem Kitabi Dede Korkud which reflected pre-Islamic tribal culture of the oguzs and the influence of Islam in the 11th - 12th centuries. Epic poems were performed by national singers-storytellers.
Turkmen Language
Turkmen spoken language developed on the basis of dialects of Turkic tongues, western oguz dialects in particular. It was also influenced by kipchak and old Uzbek (chagatai) languages. In 1928 Arabian alphabet was replaced by Latin, in 1940 Latin alphabet was replaced by Russian. Literary Turkmen language formed in the 20th century under the influence of tekhin tribal dialect. Modern Turkmen writing is based on Cyrillic, but in the 21st century it is going to be replaced Latin.
Image Music Text Turkic Oral Destan telling Tradition
LGBT in Islam | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
LGBT in Islam
00:03:24 1 Scripture and Islamic jurisprudence
00:03:34 1.1 In the Quran
00:03:43 1.1.1 Messengers to Lot
00:05:55 1.1.2 iZina/i verse
00:07:12 1.1.3 Cupbearers in paradise
00:08:16 1.2 In hadith and iathar/i
00:12:36 1.3 Traditional Islamic law
00:16:21 1.4 Modern interpretations of scripture and sharia
00:24:23 2 History of homosexuality in Islamic societies
00:25:26 2.1 Pre-modern era
00:33:08 2.2 Modern era
00:35:09 2.3 Pederasty
00:37:57 2.4 Image gallery
00:38:05 3 Modern laws in the Islamic world
00:38:16 3.1 Criminalization
00:42:31 3.1.1 Death penalty
00:43:37 3.2 Legalization
00:45:25 3.2.1 Same-sex marriage
00:46:52 4 Extremist attacks targeting LGBT people
00:49:34 5 Chechnya concentration camps
00:50:51 6 Public opinion among Muslims
00:52:02 6.1 Opinion polls
00:54:52 6.2 Muslims leaders opposing same-sex relations
00:55:03 6.2.1 Sunni
00:55:29 6.2.2 Shia
00:56:47 7 LGBT movements within Islam
00:57:13 7.1 Defunct movements
00:58:41 7.2 Ex-gay groups
00:59:49 7.3 Active movements
00:59:58 7.3.1 Imaan (United Kingdom)
01:00:19 7.3.2 Gay prayer room (France)
01:00:51 7.3.3 Marhaba (Australia)
01:01:19 7.3.4 Muslim Alliance for Sexual and Gender Diversity (USA)
01:02:23 7.3.5 Muslims for Progressive Values (USA & Malaysia)
01:02:53 7.3.6 Safra Project (UK)
01:03:21 7.3.7 Salaam (Canada)
01:03:43 7.3.8 Sarajevski Otvoreni Centar
01:04:28 7.3.9 Toronto Unity Mosque / el-Tawhid Juma Circle (Canada)
01:05:00 7.4 Media designed to reduce prejudice
01:05:18 7.4.1 iChannel 4/i
01:06:04 7.4.2 iUnity Productions Foundation/i
01:06:47 7.4.3 iMuslim Debate Initiative/i
01:07:46 7.4.4 iA Jihad for Love/i
01:08:22 7.4.5 iA Sinner in Mecca/i
01:08:58 7.4.6 iMy.Kali/i
01:09:46 7.5 Books supporting LGBT Muslims
01:10:03 7.5.1 Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism
01:12:29 7.5.2 Islam and Homosexuality
01:13:54 7.5.3 Sexual Ethics and Islam
01:15:51 8 Gender variant and transgender people
01:18:11 9 LGBT Rights activists
01:19:08 9.1 Other
01:19:44 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
LGBT in Islam is influenced by the religious, legal, social, and cultural history of the nations with a sizable Muslim population, along with specific passages in the Quran and hadith, statements attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
The Quran cites the story of the people of Lot destroyed by the wrath of God because they engaged in lustful carnal acts between men. Homosexual acts are forbidden in traditional Islamic jurisprudence and are liable to different punishments, including the death penalty, depending on the situation and legal school. However, homosexual relationships were generally tolerated in pre-modern Islamic societies, and historical record suggests that these laws were invoked infrequently, mainly in cases of rape or other exceptionally blatant infringement on public morals. Homoerotic themes were cultivated in poetry and other literary genres written in major languages of the Muslim world from the eighth century into the modern era. The conceptions of homosexuality found in classical Islamic texts resemble the traditions of Graeco-Roman antiquity, rather than modern Western notions of sexual orientation. It was expected that many or most mature men would be sexually attracted to both women and male adolescents (variously defined), and men were expected to wish to play only an active role in homosexual intercourse once they reached adulthood.In recent times, extreme prejudice persists, both socially and legally, in much of the Islamic world against people who engage in homosexual acts. In Afghanistan, Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Somalia (in some southern regions), Sudan, United Arab Emirates and Yemen, homosexual activity carries the death penalty or prison sentences.In other countries, such as Algeria, Bangladesh, Chad, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Qatar, Somalia and Syria, it is illegal. Same-sex sexual intercourse is legal in Albania, Az ...
The Assyrian Christian, Past and Present
Mark Dickens from King's University in Edmonton, Alberta, presented The Church of the East along the Silk Road Network. Jonathan Loopstra from the University of Northwestern, St Paul, presented The Church of the East and the Transmission of Ancient Knowledge. Tala Jarjour from the University of Notre Dame presented Syriac Chant as Cultural Heritage. Second of three sessions in a daylong symposium.
For transcript and more information, visit
The Archaeology of North Africa: State of the Field 2014 - Friday, Nov. 14th
Introduction of the Conference Themes and Rationale (Andrew Dufton, Brown University; Corisande Fenwick, University of Leicester)
Living with/in the Material Past: The Politics of Remains and the Remains of Politics in Berber North Africa (Paul Silverstein, Reed College)
Since 2011, the Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World at Brown University has hosted an annual workshop focused on the state of archaeological research in a given region. Past events have examined the countries of Italy, Turkey, and Greece, as well as the Iberian Peninsula. In November 2014, the Joukowsky Institute will continue this tradition with a two-day workshop on “The Archaeology of North Africa: State of the Field.”
Of necessity, given the huge expanse we intend to ‘cover’, this gathering will differ from its predecessors; in no way can we claim it will be either comprehensive or representative of the archaeology and the archaeological communities of what, after all, was a land mass equivalent to over 4/5ths of the Roman empire at its greatest extent. Nonetheless, our overarching goal remains the same: to foster the exchange of ideas between a select number of primarily North American and European scholars, to consider some common obstacles to the study of the region, and to identify key questions for future collaboration and research.
The Archaeology of North Africa: State of the Field will be split into four broad themes, each featuring 2-3 short papers (15 minutes) intended to begin a conversation on where things stand on certain key topics. The first session will focus on current debates on urbanism and urbanization, and the importance of cities to our understanding of the North African past. This urban focus will be offset in the second session by a discussion of the mobility of peoples and materials across this broad landscape landscapes. In the afternoon, the workshop will explore the potential for new interpretations and research using available legacy data sets. Finally, participants will consider the place of archaeology in North Africa within its wider communities, with a particular focus on working for the protection of cultural heritage. The event will conclude with a wide-ranging dialogue around key ideas or themes emerging throughout the day, opening the door to future cooperative ventures and providing participants with new ideas to shape the trajectory of scholarship in the region in the years to come.
St Nino Tazik
History of Basilica Minore del Santo Niño.
Kazakhstan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kazakhstan
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан, translit. Qazaqstan, IPA: [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] (listen); Russian: Казахстан, IPA: [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы, translit. Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Russian: Республика Казахстан, tr. Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition. Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion, and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan's human rights situation as poor.
Kazakhstan's 131 ethnicities include Kazakhs (63% of the population), Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Germans, Tatars, and Uyghurs. Islam is the religion of about 70% of the population, with Christianity practised by 26%. Kazakhstan officially allows freedom of religion, but religious leaders who oppose the government are suppressed. The Kazakh language is the state language, and Russian has equal official status for all levels of administrative and institutional purposes. Kazakhstan is a member of the United Nations, WTO, CIS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Eurasian Economic Union, CSTO, OSCE, OIC, and TURKSOY.
Muslim American Journeys Listening Event
This public listening event showcased narratives from the American Folklife Center's StoryCorps collection that illustrate the diversity of Muslim-American cultural identity. The event combined collective listening to story segments from the Muslim-American Leadership Allilance collection, short audience engagement activities facilitated by a panel and a short presentation on folklife resources for ethnographic fieldwork.
Speaker Biography: Zabi Rahat is a Muslim-American Leadership Allilance contributor to the StoryCorps Muslim American Journeys project.
Speaker Biography: Supna Zaidi is a Muslim-American Leadership Allilance contributor to the StoryCorps Muslim American Journeys project.
Speaker Biography: Ahmed Salim is a Muslim-American Leadership Allilance contributor to the StoryCorps Muslim American Journeys project.
Speaker Biography: Zainab Khan is board chair and co-founder of the Muslim American Leadership Alliance (MALA), coordinator of the Muslim American Journeys project with StoryCorps, and a therapist, painter and human rights advocate.
Speaker Biography: Tamara Thompson is manager of archiving for StoryCorps.
Speaker Biography: Julia Kim is digital assets manager for the American Folklife Center in the Library of Congress.
Speaker Biography: Stephen Winick is a writer and editor for the American Folklife Center in the Library of Congress.
For transcript and more information, visit
Kazakhstan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kazakhstan
00:03:52 1 Etymology
00:04:40 2 History
00:05:17 2.1 Kazakh Khanate
00:08:07 2.2 Russian Empire
00:11:21 2.3 Soviet Union
00:15:54 2.4 Independence
00:17:05 3 Geography
00:20:13 3.1 Natural resources
00:22:48 3.2 Climate
00:23:14 3.3 Wildlife
00:24:15 3.4 Administrative divisions
00:25:26 3.5 Municipal divisions
00:26:18 3.6 Urban centres
00:26:27 4 Politics
00:26:35 4.1 Political system
00:27:49 4.2 Elections
00:30:09 4.3 Foreign relations
00:34:46 4.4 Military
00:37:21 4.5 Human rights
00:41:01 5 Economy
00:51:37 5.1 Agriculture
00:53:38 5.2 Infrastructure
00:58:45 5.3 Tourism
01:01:28 5.4 Green economy
01:02:17 5.5 Foreign direct investment
01:04:52 5.6 Banking
01:06:18 5.7 Bond market
01:07:00 5.8 Housing market
01:08:05 5.9 Nurly Jol economic policy
01:09:17 5.10 Economic competitiveness
01:10:16 5.11 Corruption
01:11:33 6 Science and technology
01:16:02 7 Demographics
01:17:17 7.1 Ethnic groups
01:19:14 7.2 Languages
01:20:15 7.3 Religion
01:23:16 7.4 Education
01:25:43 8 Culture
01:27:13 8.1 Literature
01:30:55 8.2 Music
01:35:33 8.3 Cuisine
01:36:11 8.4 Sport
01:41:32 8.5 Film
01:42:30 8.6 Media
01:43:35 8.7 UNESCO World Heritage sites
01:43:59 8.8 Public holidays
01:44:08 9 Membership of international organisations
01:45:14 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан, translit. Qazaqstan, IPA: [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] (listen); Russian: Казахстан, IPA: [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы, translit. Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Russian: Республика Казахстан, tr. Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition. Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhsta ...
Kazakhstan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kazakhstan
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан, translit. Qazaqstan, IPA: [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] ( listen); Russian: Казахстан, IPA: [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы, translit. Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Russian: Республика Казахстан, tr. Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition. Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion, and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan's human rights situation as poor.
Kazakhstan's 131 ethnicities include Kazakhs (63% of the population), Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Germans, Tatars, and Uyghurs. Islam is the religion of about 70% of the population, with Christianity practised by 26%. Kazakhstan officially allows freedom of religion, but religious leaders who oppose the government are suppressed. The Kazakh language is the state language, and Russian has equal official status for all levels of administrative and institutional purposes. Kazakhstan is a member of the United Nations, WTO, CIS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Eurasian Economic Union, CSTO, OSCE, OIC, and TURKSOY.
إرحـل يا مـبـارك - بـلـسـان الـعـالــم
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Kazakhstan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kazakhstan
00:03:53 1 Etymology
00:04:41 2 History
00:05:18 2.1 Kazakh Khanate
00:08:08 2.2 Russian Empire
00:11:23 2.3 Soviet Union
00:15:57 2.4 Independence
00:17:07 3 Geography
00:20:17 3.1 Natural resources
00:22:52 3.2 Climate
00:23:18 3.3 Wildlife
00:24:19 3.4 Administrative divisions
00:25:30 3.5 Municipal divisions
00:26:22 3.6 Urban centres
00:26:31 4 Politics
00:26:40 4.1 Political system
00:27:53 4.2 Elections
00:30:14 4.3 Foreign relations
00:34:50 4.4 Military
00:37:25 4.5 Human rights
00:41:06 5 Economy
00:51:44 5.1 Agriculture
00:53:45 5.2 Infrastructure
00:58:53 5.3 Tourism
01:01:36 5.4 Green economy
01:02:25 5.5 Foreign direct investment
01:05:00 5.6 Banking
01:06:26 5.7 Bond market
01:07:09 5.8 Housing market
01:08:13 5.9 Nurly Jol economic policy
01:09:26 5.10 Economic competitiveness
01:10:24 5.11 Corruption
01:11:42 6 Science and technology
01:16:11 7 Demographics
01:17:26 7.1 Ethnic groups
01:19:24 7.2 Languages
01:20:25 7.3 Religion
01:23:26 7.4 Education
01:25:55 8 Culture
01:27:25 8.1 Literature
01:31:06 8.2 Music
01:35:45 8.3 Cuisine
01:36:23 8.4 Sport
01:41:45 8.5 Film
01:42:43 8.6 Media
01:43:48 8.7 UNESCO World Heritage sites
01:44:12 8.8 Public holidays
01:44:21 9 Membership of international organisations
01:45:27 10 See also
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан, translit. Qazaqstan, IPA: [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] (listen); Russian: Казахстан, IPA: [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы, translit. Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Russian: Республика Казахстан, tr. Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe. Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by Turkic nomads who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate etc. In the 13th century, the territory joined the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition. Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhsta ...