Herbert Hoover | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:13 1 Early life
00:06:23 2 Mining engineer
00:06:32 2.1 Bewick, Moreing
00:10:14 2.2 Sole proprietor
00:12:53 3 Marriage and family
00:14:16 4 World War I and aftermath
00:14:26 4.1 Relief in Europe
00:17:22 4.2 U.S. Food Administration
00:19:50 4.3 Post-war relief
00:23:17 4.4 1920 election
00:25:13 5 Secretary of Commerce
00:28:12 5.1 Radio and travel
00:30:34 5.2 Other initiatives
00:32:07 5.3 Mississippi flood
00:33:40 5.4 Presidential election of 1928
00:37:54 6 Presidency
00:39:13 6.1 Great Depression
00:41:09 6.1.1 Early policies
00:43:20 6.1.2 Later policies
00:46:44 6.2 Budget policy
00:47:55 6.3 Civil rights and Mexican Repatriation
00:50:29 6.4 Prohibition
00:51:52 6.5 Foreign relations
00:54:26 6.6 Bonus Army
00:55:42 6.7 1932 re-election campaign
00:59:11 7 Post-presidency
00:59:20 7.1 Roosevelt administration
00:59:29 7.1.1 Opposition to New Deal
01:01:43 7.1.2 World War II
01:03:31 7.2 Post–World War II
01:07:24 7.3 Death
01:09:21 8 Legacy
01:09:30 8.1 Historical reputation
01:11:36 8.2 Memorials
01:13:25 9 See also
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American engineer, businessman, and politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933. A member of the Republican Party, he held office during the onset of the Great Depression. Prior to serving as president, Hoover led the Commission for Relief in Belgium, served as the director of the U.S. Food Administration, and served as the 3rd U.S. Secretary of Commerce.
Born to a Quaker family in West Branch, Iowa, Hoover took a position with a London-based mining company after graduating from Stanford University in 1895. After the outbreak of World War I, he became the head of the Commission for Relief in Belgium, an international relief organization that provided food to occupied Belgium. When the U.S. entered the war, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hoover to lead the Food Administration, and Hoover became known as the country's food czar. After the war, Hoover led the American Relief Administration, which provided food to the inhabitants of Central Europe and Eastern Europe. Hoover's war-time service made him a favorite of many progressives, and he unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination in the 1920 presidential election.
After the 1920 election, newly-elected Republican President Warren G. Harding appointed Hoover as Secretary of Commerce; Hoover continued to serve under President Calvin Coolidge after Harding died in 1923. Hoover was an unusually active and visible cabinet member, becoming known as Secretary of Commerce and Under-Secretary of all other departments. He was influential in the development of radio and air travel and led the federal response to the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Hoover won the Republican nomination in the 1928 presidential election, and decisively defeated the Democratic candidate, Al Smith. The stock market crashed shortly after Hoover took office, and the Great Depression became the central issue of his presidency. Hoover pursued a variety of policies in an attempt to lift the economy, but opposed directly involving the federal government in relief efforts.
In the midst of an ongoing economic crisis, Hoover was decisively defeated by Democratic nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. Hoover enjoyed one of the longest retirements of any former president, and he authored numerous works. After leaving office, Hoover became increasingly conservative, and he strongly criticized Roosevelt's foreign policy and New Deal domestic agenda. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hoover's public reputation was rehabilitated as he served for Presidents Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower in var ...