Danubiana Meulensteen Art Museum in Bratislava, Slovakia
Danubiana Meulensteen Art Museum in Bratislava, Slovakia
Visit this exceptional museum of modern art located on the Danube river for interesting exhibitions and a permanent collection featuring the most renowned artists from Slovakia and abroad. Admire the beautiful paintings and sculptures, walk through the expansive park and get a stunning view from the roof terrace – all this is possible in Danubiana Meulensteen Art Museum.
Danubiana is located in Čunovo – Bratislava’s neighborhood – less than 15 kilometres south of the city center, on the edge of a peninsula where the mighty Danube flows. The easiest and most convenient way to get here is by car. You can also use the public transportation – in that case take the bus number 90 from the Slovak National Theater – the new building near Eurovea – it will take you around 40 minutes. There is also an option to take a boat or use a bike.
If you arrive by car, there are many parking lots to use in front of the museum.
Along with the beautiful exhibitions, as a bonus, you can enjoy the interesting park covering an area of 8000 m2, where 60 sculptures are presented.
The riverside location is really very impressive. We recommend to take this walk after you have finished admiring the artworks inside.
WHAT TO SEE IN THE DANUBIANA MEULENSTEEN ART MUSEUM?
Firstly, let us highlight that Danubiana is one of the youngest museums of modern art in Europe. The framework of its impressive architecture is formed by its unusual location on the borders of three neighboring countries: Slovakia, Austria and Hungary, but above all by the superb contrast of the wide expanse of water, open air and the endless banks of a dam.
On the ground floor you will find a gallery of contemporary art. Here are those exhibits that are on sale, a place for smaller scale exhibitions, an audio-visual centre and a lecture hall, too. Shows by leading international artists are alternated in the great hall on the first floor.
What we like about this place is the spatial layout of the interior – all the artworks are displayed in a generous hall-like space without any obstructions or subdivisions into smaller isolated rooms.
Another positive thing that you will notice as you walk along is that there is a lot of natural light. This is brought into the museum’s central space thanks to the glazed curtain-wall. Further light is led into the spaces through roof lights and a horizontal band of high-level windows.
The permanent exposition is comprised of an international collection, a collection of Dutch art and a collection of Slovak art.
The artworks featured in this exposition come from two sources. Most of the pieces are from the collection of Gerard Meulensteen – the founder of the Danubiana – who provided them to the museum on loan; the smaller part is from the Danubiana collection.
Even if you do not have deep knowledge about modern art, you will enjoy it here – simply said, everything is just alluring and relaxing. You’ll feel like walking through a huge, beautifully decorated flat.
Danubiana is also a very popular spot for families with children.
The complex is completed by an art shop with a wide selection of catalogues, art publications, postcards, souvenirs, and the cosy Art Café, which extends beyond the gallery and allows visitors to sit right on the bank of the Danube.
Once you have seen all the artworks, walk up to the rooftop terrace which offers a unique view of the expansive Danube river and the surrounding landscape.
This is definitely a good place to visit on a sunny day.
Over the short period of its existence, this museum has become one of Bratislava’s architecture landmarks and a must-see place to all art-lovers. Make sure you have at least 3 hours when coming here, so you can have a full cultural experience discovering the modern Slovak art and the beautiful surroundings. If you want to dedicate more time to culture, it is also a great half or one day trip, when you for instance take the boat to get here. Enjoy!
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The Story of the Jewish Community in Bratislava
This video is part of the online exhibition, The Story of the Jewish Community in Bratislava
On the eve of the Holocaust the Jewish community in Bratislava was the largest Jewish community in Slovakia; it was a Jewish religious and political center, and home to the renowned Pressburg Yeshiva as well as the Histadrut of Slovakia. In 1930 over 15,000 Jews lived in the city, constituting some 12 percent of the population.
In March 1939, with the creation of an independent Slovak State, the Jews of Bratislava were subjected to discriminatory practices and persecution. By the 1st of March 1942, nearly half of the city's Jews had been evicted, and dispersed in smaller towns across the country. During 1942 many of the Jews of Bratislava were deported to the death camps in Poland.
During the war the city was home to the Bratislava Working Group, which was devoted to rescuing Jews. The group's efforts, however, came to naught and most Slovakian Jews were murdered in the Holocaust.
This is the story of the Jewish community of Bratislava.
Central Europe by Train: Heidelberg, Munich, Salzburg, Vienna, Budapest, Prague
Visiting some of the most interesting cities in Germany, Hungary the Czech Republic and Austria.
Including Heidelberg, Munich, Salzburg, Vienna, Budapest, Prague.
You will find these fascinating places are loaded with wonderful attractions. We're presenting a summary of the trip showing you how you can do it. See more information about the tour, which is open to the public, on our website:
We love to travel by train in Europe. More comfortable than a bus, less hassles than flying, with lots of nice scenery gliding by.
Another popular way to travel here is the river cruise, but the problem is you only stay in the city for a day or less. So you really don't see that much on a river cruise.
Traveling by train gives you that flexibility to stay in a city for two or three days, as we do in our trip, producing a more authentic in-depth experience. Jump to city by clicking timecode
-Heidelberg 0:51 -Munich 03:22 -Salzburg 06:19 -Vienna 10:21 -Budapest 15:01 -Prague 22:32
Our hotels on this trip:
Heidelberg: Hotel Hollander Hof 03:01
Munich: Mercure München Altstadt 06:02
Salzburg: Hotel Goldener Hirsch 09:57
Vienna: Hotel Wandl 14:50
Budapest: Sofitel Budapest 21:37
Prague: Hotel Maximillian 29:09
TOKYO CAPSULE HOTEL TOUR
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It's our first night in Japan ever and we're staying at a CAPSULE HOTEL! The futuristic design gave me galaxy vibes. It felt like we were inside a spaceship floating among the stars.
The pods turned out to be more spacious than expected. I did not get claustrophobic, but everyone's level of comfort varies in enclosed spaces. How about the rest of the experience? Watch the full video to see the detailed tour!
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Štyri ročné obdobia v regióne Záhorie
Chcete prežiť neopakovateľné zážitky a ešte k tomu spoznať výnimočný a rozmanitý región? Tak v tom prípade musíte spoznať Záhorie! Slovenský kraj, ktorý doslova leží za horami, je nádherný v každom ročnom období. Presvedčiť sa o tom môžete na vlastnú päsť ale aj v tomto videu, kde odkryjeme jeho tajomstvá a dáme Vám tipy na prežitie originálnych výletov.
Global Refugees: The Case of Jews & Greeks in 20th Century Czechoslovakia
Michal Frankl discussed Czechoslovakia's pre-WWII refugees (centered around 1938), the story of sealed borders, anti-Semitic refugee policies, and anti-Jewish revision of citizenship. Kateřina Králová discussed post-WWII Greek refugees in Czechoslovakia.
Speaker Biography: Michal Frankl is a fellow at the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies in the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Speaker Biography: Kateřina Králová is a fellow at the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies in the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Speaker Biography: Columnist Amy Kaslow is a White House appointee to the governing board of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, where she chairs the Collections and Acquisitions Committee.
For transcript and more information, visit
The Resurrection of a Nation
The 20th century was the roughest in history for the Carpatho-Rusyns of Central Europe. After World War II, when they were declared Ukrainians by the new Communist regimes in every country where they live, Carpatho-Rusyns in Czechoslovakia and elsewhere became extinct overnight -- and this was their existence for more than 50 years.
But with the 1989 Velvet Revolution, led by the playwright and former dissident Václav Havel, Carpatho-Rusyn ethnicity revived in every country… including the United States! This is the story of that revival. Воскресеніє народа —the Resurrection of a Nation.
INSIDE OUT - NOT SO WHITE CUBE / NAROBE OBRNJENO - NE TAKO BELA KOCKA
The general aim of the Inside Out project is to analyze the existing theoretical and critical art practices proposed by artists, art collectives, researchers, or institutions from Central and South-Eastern Europe that focus on critiquing the existing models of institutions, their programs, and the work conditions in art production. The exhibition and the other parts of the project highlight the changing relations between the role of art and artists and the role of museums, galleries, and other public and private art institutions in producing, presenting, and collecting contemporary art in the period of sociopolitical and economic transition. The project’s main research questions are the following: How did institutions influence and change one another while interacting and/or cooperating during the transformation of the political system and the transition from the centralized to the free market economy? What impact did artists and art projects have on such transformations? The urgency of pursuing new alternative cross-institutional or trans-institutional models of institutions, strategies, and the roles of art institutions is also pointed out.
We decided to look at artists who focus on commenting on the existing art institutions and on the urgent need to find new strategies and roles for themselves, or even on bringing back some forgotten values, standards, and criteria of work from the past. This exhibition at the City Art Gallery Ljubljana presents works and projects that focus on the late 1970s and the 1980s, with some works from the 1990s and the 2000s featuring as counterparts. Some of these art projects were considered seminal and particular to the “institutional debates” in the socialist context even before – and often regardless of – the emergence of institutional critique in American and Western European art. The sociopolitical and economic circumstances – and thus historical conditions – in the socialist (and post-socialist) institutional context produced a substantially different pattern of relations between institutions, artists, curators, etc.
Alenka Gregorič & Suzana Milevska
Participating Artists:
Azra Akšamija, Luchezar Boyadjiev, Yane Calovski & Hristina Ivanoska, Nemanja Cvijanović, Vlasta Delimar, Goran Đorđević, Stano Filko, Andreas Fogarasi, Liljana Gjuzelova & Sašo Stanojkoviќ, Jusuf Hadžifejzović, Flaka Haliti, Albert Heta, IRWIN, Sanja Iveković, Dalibor Martinis, Ivan Moudov, Ilona Németh, Vesna Pavlović, Dan Perjovschi, Lia Perjovschi, Tadej Pogačar, Slaven Tolj, Goran Trbuljak.
+ Interim Study Room: Dragoljub Raša Todosijević, Jugoslovenska dokumeta, Podroom, ArtLeaks, L. Logar, Támas St. Auby, Miklosz Erdely & Indigo Group, Artpool.
SZILÁRD CSEKE, We Are Moving Abroad (tree roots)
Szilárd Cseke, We Are Moving Abroad
14 March 2013–12 May
Municipal Gallery Museum Kiscell, Budapest
The exhibition titled We Are Moving Abroad by Cseke Szilárd raises the issue of a family deciding to move for a prolonged period to another country. The exhibition shows various aspects of this situation – the preliminary decision making, the decision and the experience of finally taking action. These three stages are presented through three exhibition stages. Using the experiences of friends and families in my immediate vicinity and families unknown by me as a starting point, I was confronted with a great deal of objects that were left behind by these people.
The venue is one of Budapest’s most exciting exhibition halls, which has housed various institutions during its’ long history. At one stage the building used to be a church for Trinitarian monks, a barrack and even a furniture salon. Today it is one of Hungary’s most prestigious exhibition venues.
The exhibition was created in a post socialist political environment, where emigrating was not counted as defecting, not to say that as a member of the EU Hungary is also part of the European mobility policy and cooperates in different arrangements made to ensure the development of a common European identity. In 2013 the global tendency of migration was already palpable, but the effects of the migration crisis were not perceptible yet.
The first stage of the exhibition is a kinetic object that is made up from exclusively found materials, which change their function as they become part of the art piece. The four wheeled cuboid’s two base sides and two side walls are made from plywood used in old, discarded furniture. The remaining two sides were made from plexi board found at the decoupling of a German factory building. The object is illuminated from the inside with strip lighting, and as plexi transfers light, the edges of these plastic sheets also act as light strip. Through the plywood sides two ventilators blow air into the cuboid, letting air fill the eight nylon bags which are attached to the reused drum-wheels inside the cuboid. For the injection of air there is an automated system ensuring that always the opposite nylon bags get pumped up in an alternating way; when one expands the one on the other side deflates and vice versa. The air current creates a breathing, sighing sound associating to the difficulties, the hesitation connected to making the big decision. This is concretized by the title of the piece: Should I go or stay?
The second stage of the exhibition was a room-scale installation compiled from everyday, practical objects and then arranged in a circle. Within the installation white polystyrene spheres drift around. In the inner span of the circular ensemble ventilators create an air current moving the spheres. The accumulated objects (sleigh, pram, and mattress) are the property of the artists’ family, and the arrangement of the objects is in connection with the movement of belongings to a new place and the necessary purchase of a garage or the situation of clearing the house. Cseke Szilárd’s paintings of workers, and objects resembling illuminated advertising pillars are part of the installation, but not as exhibition pieces but as objects waiting to be moved, placed in stacks. Within the installation spheres of different sizes roll around, occasionally colliding creating a dense audio layer with the knocking, pattering sounds. I think of these spheres as the smaller and larger members of a family, who have everything in a bag and decided to set out to wander in the world.
Pope Pius XII | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Pope Pius XII
00:02:34 1 Early life
00:05:28 2 Church career
00:05:37 2.1 Priest and Monsignor
00:09:23 2.2 Archbishop and Papal nuncio
00:16:48 2.3 Cardinal Secretary of State and Camerlengo
00:22:19 2.4 iReichskonkordat/i and iMit brennender Sorge/i
00:27:29 2.5 iRelation with the Media/i
00:27:51 3 Papacy
00:28:00 3.1 Election and coronation
00:30:16 3.2 Appointments
00:32:10 3.3 Consistories
00:34:00 4 Church reforms
00:34:09 4.1 Liturgy reforms
00:35:49 4.2 Canon Law reforms
00:36:44 4.3 Priests and religious
00:37:52 5 Theology
00:38:45 5.1 Theological orientation
00:38:54 5.1.1 Biblical research
00:39:52 5.1.2 The role of theology
00:40:47 5.2 Mariology and the dogma of the Assumption
00:40:58 5.2.1 World consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
00:41:35 5.2.2 The dogma of the Assumption of Mary
00:42:38 5.3 Social teachings
00:42:47 5.3.1 Medical theology
00:43:40 5.3.2 Family and sexuality
00:44:18 5.3.3 Theology and science
00:44:52 5.3.4 Evolution
00:45:52 5.3.5 Capital punishment
00:46:48 5.4 Encyclicals, writings and speeches
00:49:41 5.5 Feasts and devotions
00:50:21 6 Canonisations and beatifications
00:51:13 7 World War II
00:53:20 7.1 Outbreak of war
00:53:29 7.1.1 Summi Pontificatus
00:57:34 7.1.2 Invasion of Poland
01:00:31 7.1.3 Early actions to end conflict
01:04:29 7.1.4 Widening conflict
01:09:49 7.1.5 Final stages
01:10:27 7.2 Holocaust
01:25:09 7.2.1 Jewish orphans controversy
01:26:27 8 Post-World War II
01:31:46 9 Later life, illness and death
01:31:56 9.1 Late years of Pope Pius XII
01:33:40 9.2 Illness and death
01:36:03 9.3 Botched embalming
01:37:32 9.4 Funeral
01:38:22 10 Cause for canonisation
01:41:57 10.1 Potential miracle
01:42:26 11 Views, interpretations and scholarship
01:42:37 11.1 Contemporary
01:45:55 11.2 Early historical accounts
01:47:05 11.3 iThe Deputy/i
01:49:37 11.4 iActes/i
01:50:21 11.5 iHitler's Pope/i and iThe Myth of Hitler's Pope/i
01:56:35 11.6 International Catholic-Jewish Historical Commission
02:01:02 11.7 Recent developments
02:05:16 12 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Pope Pius XII (Italian: Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (Italian pronunciation: [euˈdʒɛːnjo maˈriːa dʒuˈzɛppe dʒoˈvanni paˈtʃɛlli]; 2 March 1876 – 9 October 1958), was the Pope of the Catholic Church from 2 March 1939 to his death. Before his election to the papacy, he served as secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, papal nuncio to Germany, and Cardinal Secretary of State, in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with European and Latin American nations, most notably the Reichskonkordat with Nazi Germany.While the Vatican was officially neutral during World War II, Pius XII maintained links to the German Resistance, used diplomacy to aid the victims of the war and lobby for peace, and spoke out against race-based murders and other atrocities. The Reichskonkordat and his leadership of the Catholic Church during the war remain the subject of controversy—including allegations of public silence and inaction about the fate of the Jews. After the war, he advocated peace and reconciliation, including lenient policies towards former Axis and Axis-satellite nations. He was also a staunch opponent of Communism and of the Italian Communist Party.
During his papacy, the Church issued the Decree against Communism, declaring that Catholics who profess Communist doctrine are to be excommunicated as apostates from the Christian faith. In turn, the Church experienced severe persecution and mass deportations of Catholic clergy in the Eastern Bloc. He explicitly invoked ex cathedra papal infallibility with the dogma of the Assumption of Mary in his Apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus. His magisterium includes almost 1,000 addresses and radio broadcasts. His forty-one encyclicals include Mystici corporis, the Church as the Body of Christ; Mediator Dei on liturgy reform; and Humani generis on the Chur ...
Eastern Bloc economies | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Eastern Bloc economies
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Eastern Bloc (also known as the Socialist Bloc, Communist Bloc and Soviet Bloc) was the group of Communist-controlled states stretching from Central and Eastern Europe to East and Southeast Asia largely controlled by the Soviet Union during the Cold War in opposition to the Western Bloc led by the United States. The term generally includes the USSR and its satellite states in the Comecon, including Vietnam and its satellites Laos and Kampuchea, North Korea, and China (before 1961.) Cuba is included as well after 1961, but demonstrated independence from Soviet policy following the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Widespread Soviet hegemony ended with the success of the Revolutions of 1989 against the Warsaw Pact, and the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union brought the Eastern Bloc and the Cold War to an end.
During Joseph Stalin's lifetime, Soviet control over the Eastern Bloc was tested but never seriously challenged by the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état and Tito–Stalin Split over control of Yugoslavia, the 1949 Chinese Communist Revolution and Chinese and North Korean involvement in the Korean War against the United Nations. After his death in 1953, the Korean War was halted but not settled and anti-Soviet sentiment sparked the East German uprising. The Eastern Bloc started to break apart in 1956, when new leader Nikita Khrushchev's Secret Speech denouncing Stalin helped spark the anti-Soviet Hungarian Revolution of 1956, which was suppressed by a Soviet invasion, and the Sino–Soviet Split with Mao Zedong's China, which gave North Korea and North Vietnam more independence from both, and facilitated the Soviet–Albanian split. The Cuban Missile Crisis preserved the Cuban Revolution from rollback by the United States, but Fidel Castro became increasingly independent of Soviet rule afterwards, most notably in its 1975 intervention in Angola. That year, the fall of former French Indochina to communism following the end of the Vietnam War gave the Eastern Bloc renewed confidence which had been frayed by Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev's 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia to suppress the Prague Spring, which had led to Albania withdrawing from the Pact, briefly aligning with Mao Zedong's China until the Sino-Albanian split.
Under the Brezhnev Doctrine, the Soviet Union reserved the right to intervene in other Communist countries. In response, China moved towards the United States following a 1969 border war which almost went nuclear, and later reformed and liberalized its economy, while the Eastern Bloc stagnated economically behind the capitalist First World. Brezhnev's invasion of Afghanistan nominally expanded the Eastern Bloc, but the war proved unwinnable and too costly for the Soviets, challenged in Eastern Europe by civil resistance in Poland. In the late 1980s, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev pursued policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) to reform the Eastern Bloc and end the Cold War, which brought forth unrest throughout the bloc. Unlike previous Soviet leaders in 1953, 1956, and 1968, Gorbachev refused to use force to end the 1989 Revolutions against Marxist-Leninist rule in Eastern Europe. The fall of the Berlin Wall and end of the Warsaw Pact spread nationalist and liberal ideals throughout the Soviet Union, which would soon fall itself at the end of 1991. Conservative communist elites attempted to turn back liberal reforms and movements, which hastened the end of Marxist-Leninist rule in Eastern Europe but preserved it in China.
Though the Soviet Union and its rival the United States considered Europe the most important front of the Cold War, during the Cold War, the term Eastern Bloc was often used interchangeably with the term Second World. This broadest usage of the term would include not only Maoist China and Cambodia, but short-lived Soviet satellites such as East Turkestan Republic (1944-1949), the People's Repub ...
History of television
The history of television comprises the work of numerous engineers and inventors in several countries over many decades.
The first practical demonstrations of television, however, were developed using electromechanical methods to scan, transmit, and reproduce an image. As electronic camera and display tubes were perfected, electromechanical television gave way to all-electronic systems in nearly all applications.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
National Council on the Arts Public Meeting, June 29, 2012
The National Council on the Arts public meeting took place on June 29, 2012 from 9:00 - 10:30 am ET. Presentations focused on the NEA's Citizen's Institute on Rural Design, the work of children's museums, and an overview of this year's class of NEA National Heritage Fellows
Castle Estense, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, Europe
The Castello Estense or castello di San Michele is a moated medieval castle in the center of Ferrara, northern Italy. It is a large block with four corner towers. On 3 May 1385, the Ferrarese people, driven to desperation by taxes and flooding that had brought ruin upon them, took themselves to the Marquis Niccolò II d'Este’s palace to ask the advice of Tommaso da Tortona, the high official held to be responsible for this grave situation. Nicolò tried to calm the revolt all day, but by the evening it was clear that the people's spirits were getting more and more angry and that the very safety of the Estensi was endangered. The order was therefore given to summon the disgraced Tommaso, who was given confession and communion and then given to the crowd, who literally tore him to pieces. This episode, which resulted later in the death of the leaders of the revolt, convinced the Marquis that the family’s palace (which is now the Palazzo Comunale) was insufficient to guarantee the security of the nobility in the event of riots. He therefore ordered the construction of a defensive fortress on the north side of the Palazzo, entrusting the project to the architect Bartolino da Novara. He used a pre-existing tower (the Torre dei Leoni), which was part of the defensive walls, at that period very much to the south of the present ones, running, roughly speaking, along the line of the present Corso Giovecca and Viale Cavour. The tower was joined by curtain walls to another three newly built for this project. Between the Este residence and the new fortress was built an aerial passageway (perhaps in wood) to allow people to flee from one to the other. As the city grew the city walls were moved, so the defensive function of the castle became less important and apartments began to be built in its interior, which was by now considered an annex to the court palace. From the time of Ercole I d'Este on, there are many records of construction of apartments, and of their enlargement and enhancement. The definitive transformation works were ordered by Ercole II after a fire in 1544, which had damaged the previous accommodation. The architect Girolamo da Carpi gave the castle the external appearance which can be still seen today, although the interior has been remodelled several times across the ages. After the departure of the Este to Modena, the castle became the residence of the Papal Legate who administered the Ferrarese territory as civil governor (for a maximum term of four years). There were few changes made to the structure of the building, the most obvious being the increase in height of the north ravelin (the room which currently houses the cafeteria). In 1860 Ferrara was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. The castle, now state-owned, was bought for 70,000 liras in 1874 by the Province of Ferrara that utilized the structure as headquarters of the Prefecture. Over the years the Castle underwent many small restoration projects, especially between 1910 and 1930, when some very questionable attempts were done. During World War II the castle was heavy damaged by aerial bombing, so it was partially reconstructed in 1946. In 1999 under the initiative of the provincial administration, it started The Castle for the City project, that scheduled a massive restoration of the castle. The itinerary of the restoration of the castle has gone through important steps to remember: the exhibition The Triumph of Bacchus inaugurated in 2002 by the President of the Italian Republic Carlo Azeglio Ciampi and the art exposition The Este in Ferrara opened on 14 March 2004 by the President of the European Commission Romano Prodi. In 2006 the whole project of restoration of the Castle was concluded with two significant events: the completion of the touristic tour designed by Gae Aulenti and the restoration and opening of the Cabinets of Alfonso d'Este. One of the towers was damaged in the 2012 Northern Italy earthquake. On the outside, the castle essentially presents the appearance given to it by Girolamo da Carpi in the second half of the 16th century. Surrounded by a moat, it has three entrances with drawbridges fronted by brickwork ravelins. The fourth entrance, to the east, was sacrificed to make room for the kitchens. At the bottom, the appearance of the building still recalls a mediaeval fortress, but higher up, da Carpi replaced the battlements with elegant balconies in white stone (resting on series of corbels), making it higher again by constructing a higher storey, covered by a skew roof.
History of television | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:28 1 Mechanical television
00:14:37 2 Electronic television
00:28:34 3 Color television
00:38:37 4 Digital television
00:43:30 5 Smart television
00:45:40 6 3D television
00:46:43 7 Terrestrial television
00:46:53 7.1 Overview
00:47:30 7.2 United States
00:49:59 7.3 Canada
00:51:24 7.4 Czechoslovakia
00:52:18 7.5 France
00:57:04 7.6 Germany
01:00:13 7.7 Italy
01:01:45 7.8 Japan
01:04:01 7.9 Mexico
01:06:33 7.10 Soviet Union (USSR)
01:09:21 7.11 Turkey
01:10:48 7.12 United Kingdom
01:13:58 7.13 United States
01:25:21 8 Cable television
01:26:57 9 Satellite television
01:27:07 9.1 Overview
01:32:21 9.2 Beginning of the satellite TV industry
01:34:49 9.3 TVRO/C-band satellite era
01:38:59 9.4 Late 1980s and 1990s to present
01:43:54 10 Internet television
01:45:13 11 Television sets
01:49:17 12 Technological innovations
01:50:45 13 Television pioneers
01:51:03 14 Television museums
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.8688352927172333
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The invention of the television was the work of many individuals in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Individuals and corporations competed in various parts of the world to deliver a device that superseded previous technology. Many were compelled to capitalize on the invention and make profit, while some wanted to change the world through visual and audio communication technology.
Ophir Frieder - Searching Harsh Environments
NASA Ames 2016 Summer Series. Analysis of selective data that fits our investigative tool may lead to erroneous or limited conclusions.
By finding methods to increase the robustness of our digital data collection and applying likely relationship search methods that can handle all the data, we will increase the resolution of our conclusions. The universe consists of multi states and our recording of them adds complexity. Dr. Frieder presents methods to increase our ability to capture and search digital data.
For more information about the Office of the Chief Scientist at NASA Ames, please visit
Art Nouveau | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:04 1 Naming
00:05:49 2 History
00:05:58 2.1 Influences
00:09:19 2.2 Origins of Art Nouveau – Brussels (1893–1898)
00:13:54 2.3 Paris – Maison de l'Art Nouveau (1895)
00:15:29 2.4 Paris iExposition Universelle/i (1900)
00:18:02 3 Local variations
00:18:12 3.1 Art Nouveau in France
00:21:13 3.2 Art Nouveau in Belgium
00:23:49 3.3 iNieuwe Stijl/i in the Netherlands
00:27:01 3.4 Modern Style and Glasgow School in Britain
00:30:11 3.5 iJugendstil/i in Germany
00:34:29 3.6 Secession in Austria-Hungary
00:34:39 3.6.1 Vienna Secession
00:37:38 3.6.2 Hungarian iSzecesszió/i
00:41:17 3.6.3 Other variations
00:43:27 3.7 iStile Liberty/i in Italy
00:45:18 3.8 iModernismo/i in Spain
00:49:39 3.9 iArte Nova/i in Portugal
00:51:01 3.10 iJugendstil/i in the Nordic countries
00:51:11 3.10.1 Finland
00:53:11 3.10.2 Norway
00:54:22 3.10.3 Sweden and Denmark
00:54:59 3.11 iModern/i in Russia
00:59:00 3.12 iJūgendstils/i (Art Nouveau in Riga)
01:00:39 3.13 iStyle Sapin/i in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
01:01:26 3.14 iTiffany Style/i and Louis Sullivan in the United States
01:04:44 3.15 Art Nouveau in Argentina
01:06:17 3.16 Art Nouveau in the rest of the world
01:07:45 4 Characteristics
01:11:14 5 Relationship with contemporary styles and movements
01:13:00 6 Genres
01:13:26 6.1 Posters and graphic art
01:16:12 6.2 Painting
01:18:25 6.3 Glass art
01:21:53 6.4 Metal art
01:23:06 6.5 Jewellery
01:25:36 6.6 Architecture and ornamentation
01:29:03 6.7 Sculpture
01:30:09 6.8 Furniture
01:35:25 6.9 Ceramics
01:38:31 6.9.1 Mosaics
01:38:59 6.10 Textiles and wallpaper
01:41:07 7 Museums
01:42:12 8 See also
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Speaking Rate: 0.8638567520618012
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Art Nouveau (; French: [aʁ nuvo]) is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, known in different languages by different names: Jugendstil in German, Stile Liberty in Italian, Modernisme in Catalan, etc. In English it is also known as the Modern Style (not to be confused with Modernism and Modern architecture). The style was most popular between 1890 and 1910. It was a reaction against the academic art, eclecticism and historicism of 19th century architecture and decoration. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and flowers. Other characteristics of Art Nouveau were a sense of dynamism and movement, often given by asymmetry or whiplash curves, and the use of modern materials, particularly iron, glass, ceramics and later concrete, to create unusual forms and larger open spaces. One major objective of Art Nouveau was to break down the traditional distinction between fine arts (especially painting and sculpture) and applied arts. It was most widely used in interior design, graphic arts, furniture, glass art, textiles, ceramics, jewelry and metal work. The style responded to leading 19-century theoreticians, such as French architect Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (1814–1879) and British art critic John Ruskin (1819–1900). In Britain, it was influenced by William Morris and the Arts and Crafts movement. German architects and designers sought a spiritually uplifting Gesamtkunstwerk (“total work of art”) that would unify the architecture, furnishings, and art in the interior in a common style, to uplift and inspire the residents.The first Art Nouveau houses and interior decoration appeared in Brussels in the 1890s, in the architecture and interior design of houses designed by Paul Hankar, Henry Van de Velde, and especially Victor Horta, whose Hôtel Tassel was completed in 1893. It moved quickly to Paris, where it was adapted by Hector Guimard, who saw Horta's work in Brussels and applied the style for the entrances of the new Paris Metro. It reached its peak at the 1900 Paris Internationa ...
История Молдовы | первая серия
Documentary History of Moldova | part one - with English subtitles
Vienna | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vienna
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Vienna ( (listen); German: Wien, pronounced [viːn] (listen)) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria, and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primate city, with a population of about 1.9 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger.Apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be The City of Dreams because it was home to the world's first psychoanalyst – Sigmund Freud. The city's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city, and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first (in a tie with Vancouver and San Francisco) for the world's most liveable cities. Between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne. In 2018, it replaced Melbourne as the number one spot. For eight consecutive years (2009–2016), the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna first in its annual Quality of Living survey of hundreds of cities around the world, a title the city still held in 2016. Monocle's 2015 Quality of Life Survey ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world to make a base within.The UN-Habitat classified Vienna as the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013. The city was ranked 1st globally for its culture of innovation in 2007 and 2008, and sixth globally (out of 256 cities) in the 2014 Innovation Cities Index, which analyzed 162 indicators in covering three areas: culture, infrastructure, and markets. Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is often used as a case study by urban planners.Between 2005 and 2010, Vienna was the world's number-one destination for international congresses and conventions. It attracts over 6.8 million tourists a year.
Vienna | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vienna
00:03:30 1 Etymology
00:04:55 2 History
00:05:03 2.1 Early history
00:07:08 2.2 Austro-Hungarian Empire and the early 20th century
00:09:14 2.3 Anschluss and World War II
00:10:27 2.4 Four-power Vienna
00:13:29 2.5 Austrian State Treaty and afterwards
00:14:58 3 Demographics
00:17:00 3.1 Religion
00:18:34 4 Geography and climate
00:20:36 5 Districts and enlargement
00:24:38 6 Politics
00:24:46 6.1 Political history
00:26:57 6.2 Government
00:28:44 7 Economy
00:31:25 7.1 Research and development
00:32:28 7.2 Information technologies
00:33:51 7.3 Tourism and conferences
00:34:59 8 Rankings
00:36:22 9 Urban development
00:36:31 9.1 Central Railway Station
00:37:15 9.2 Aspern
00:37:48 9.3 Smart City
00:38:42 10 Culture
00:38:51 10.1 Music, theatre and opera
00:42:04 10.2 Actors from Vienna
00:42:19 10.3 Musicians from Vienna
00:43:05 10.4 Famous Jewish cultural figures from Vienna
00:43:44 10.5 Museums
00:45:59 10.6 Architecture
00:48:39 10.7 Vienna balls
00:49:57 11 Education
00:50:14 11.1 Universities
00:51:13 11.2 International schools
00:51:48 12 Leisure activities
00:51:57 12.1 Parks and gardens
00:53:22 12.2 Sport
00:55:22 13 Culinary specialities
00:55:32 13.1 Food
00:57:47 13.2 Drinks
00:59:10 13.3 Viennese cafés
01:00:29 14 Tourist attractions
01:02:07 15 Transportation
01:03:32 16 International relations
01:03:42 16.1 International organisations in Vienna
01:05:38 16.2 Charitable organisations in Vienna
01:06:23 16.3 International City Cooperations
01:06:47 16.4 District to district partnerships
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Vienna ( (listen); German: Wien, pronounced [viːn] (listen)) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria, and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primate city, with a population of about 1.9 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger.Apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be The City of Dreams because it was home to the world's first psychoanalyst – Sigmund Freud. The city's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city, and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first (in a tie with Vancouver and San Francisco) for the world's most liveable cities. Between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne. In 2018, it replaced Melbourne as the number one spot. For eight consecutive years (2009–2016), the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna fir ...