Лезгинка 2016. Невероятная Красота Дагестанской Лезгинки . Ансамбль Лезгинка в Дербенте
Ансамбль Лезгинка в #Дербенте на крепости Нарын-кала
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ ЗАСЛУЖЕННЫЙ АНСАМБЛЬ ТАНЦА ДАГЕСТАНА «ЛЕЗГИНКА» OFFICIAL GROUP
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В дни открытия проекта группы компании «Сумма» и Фонда
Зиявудина Магомедова Пери - Дом Петра I в Дербенте , гости, посетившие историческую #крепость Нарын-кала не ожидали увидеть такое!
Плейлисты Нашего Канала :
Лезгинка Чеченская
Лучшая Лезгинка Мира
Кавказ Музыка
Vladimir Putin comments on Armenian history
For more information please read the Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828 and Treaty of Gulistan of 1813:
In November 10, 1724 Peter I the Great send general M.Matyuskin and brigadier Levasev to Baku to arange the settlement and transfer of ethnic Armenians to Baku, Derbend, Shirvan, Salyan and Iranian Gilan and Mazandaran.
This arrangement was changed and fullfilled in February 29, 1828 with the Treaty of Turkmenchay when general Paskevich and S.A.Qriboyedov started the settlement of Armenians into Azerbaijani regions such as Nakhchivan, Erivan and Karabakh.
By 1832 only half of the total population of the Erivan Khanate remained Azerbaijani. Only 5 years after the creation of the Armenian Oblast.
In 1850 the Armenian Oblast was reorganized into a governorate of the Russian Empire. The countless massacres of Azerbaijanis by Armenians with the aid of Russians continued and by 1897 only 37% of the Erivan Governorate remained Azerbaijani.
The first clashes between the Armenians and Azeris took place in Baku in February 1905. The conflict spread over to the other Azerbaijani Khanates in the same year.
When both Azerbaijan and Armenia declared independence, tensions grew and the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict ignited in Baku when Armenia claimed almost all Azerbaijani lands as part of the Armenian Republic. The Armenian Republic was also involved with a war with the Georgian Republic.
Early in March 1918, in just 3 days, over 15,000 Azerbaijanis were massacred in Baku alone by Armenian and Bolsheviks (Communist Russian) units led by Stepan Shahumyan (Armenian Communist). According to some experts the exact number of massacred Azerbaijanis is still uncertain as it ranges from 15,000 to 20,000.
Later in 1923 the city of Khankendi in Karabakh was renamed to Stepanakert by the Soviet Union, to honor Stepan Shahumyan for his Massive March Massacre in Baku.
Other regions with ethnic Azerbaijani population suffered aswell, over 70,000 Azerbaijanis were massacred in Nakhchivan alone. More then 30,000 Azerbaijanis were massacred in Karabakh. Over 4,000 Azerbaijani-Jews were massacred in Guba.
During the short independence of Azerbaijan, the state was mainly busy with defense against Armenian and Russian invasion and massacres. After liberation by the Ottoman army, rebuilding, governmental and cultural reforms became the priority of the Azerbaijani state. It was the first democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world. Not to mention it was amongst the first countries in the world to adopt suffrage to women. Azerbaijan preceded even such developed countries as the United Kingdom and the United States.
Stalin was put in charge of the Soviet Caucasus Plan by Vladimir Lenin. In order to calm the region down, Stalin compensated several Azerbaijani regions to Armenia.
Today this conflict continues as Armenia occupies about 20% of Azerbaijan, which resulted in the displacement of one million Azerbaijanis. What else can you call two centuries of persecution, annexations and massacres except GENOCIDE.
Becoming marines with the Caspian Fleet – In the Army Now Ep.7
Pavel and Anna continue to explore the most unusual and remote regiments of the Russian Army. This time, they head to the Republic of Dagestan on the shores of the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Fleet is famous for its history, dating back to the days of Peter the Great, the Emperor who founded the Russian Navy. In this episode, the two journalists join the crew of the corvette “Grad Sviyazhsk”.
Anna is lucky enough to get her own cabin, but there’s no time to lounge about: the ship will sail in two days’ time, and they must both be ready. Marines must be able to tackle any emergency in the open sea, so the two are put through a series of demanding and nerve-wracking exercises. They undergo a literal trial by fire, then have to save their vessel from sinking.
In an act of mercy, their captain allows them to have the next day off. To relax before setting sail, the new recruits go sightseeing in the city of Derbent. It's the southernmost city in Russia and one of its oldest, boasting 5000 years of history. While Pavel learns about the bloody past of its famous fortress, Anna goes swimming at a local beach. This time apart may do them good as for the next three days they will have to live and work together 24/7.
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Old Photographs Milton Of Campsie Scotland
Tour Scotland wee video of old photographs of Milton of Campsie, a large village in East Dunbartonshire. Scottish doctor and traveller, John Bell was born in 1691 at Antermony, near Milton of Campsie. He studied medicine in Glasgow and in 1714 set out for St Petersburg, where, through the introduction of a fellow Scot, he was nominated medical attendant to Artemy Petrovich Volynsky, recently appointed to the Persian embassy, with whom he travelled from 1715 to 1718. The next four years he spent in an embassy to China, passing through Siberia and the great Tatar deserts. He had scarcely rested from this last journey when he was summoned to attend Peter the Great in his expedition to Derbend and the Caspian Gates. In 1738 he was sent by the Russian government on a mission to Constantinople. After a long life spent in active beneficence and philanthropic exertions he died at Antermony on 1 July 1780, at the advanced age of eighty-nine. He is buried in Campsie Glen. His travels, published at Glasgow in 1763, were speedily translated into French, and widely circulated in Europe. Of interest to folks with ancestry, genealogy or Scottish Family Roots in Scotland who may wish to visit one day.
Экскурсия для Димаша по Санкт-Петербургу / Невский проспект
#EchoPeterburga #Dears #Dimash #Sportmann
Всем привет! Добро пожаловать на канал ЭХО ПЕТЕРБУРГА!
Мы с нашим другом Хамзе отправились на прогулку по главной улице Санкт-Петербурга - Невский проспект, на котором расположено большинство главнейших достопримечательностей города. Эту небольшую экскурсию мы посвятили Димашу, у которого в Петербурге было очень мало времени.
__________
Тема: Экскурсия для Димаша по Санкт-Петербургу / Невский проспект
Ведущие: Александр Карельский и Иван Червинский
Язык: русский
Ссылка на канал KhakeTV:
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Официальная страничка Димаша в Instagram:
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Для связи по всем вопросам и предложениям: info@sportmann-store.com
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Почтовый адрес: 195220, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Бутлерова ул., дом 9, оф.30
The Dawns Here Are Quiet
RR: Britanskaya Kolumbia Spets Gruppa went to Milsim West's The Kazakh Offensive.
Thank you John Lu for your service to Milsim West.
I took a handheld cam and a helmet mounted contour, my buddy had a GoPro. Sadly, some kebab asshole stole my contour after the event while we were getting food, so this is the best I could pull together.
Music:
Alexander's Wall
Having recently returned from travels in India and pilgrimage in Israel with a bunch of videos and photos I'm going to upload a couple of movies to be watched by anyone who is interested in seeing these amazing places.
My wife Andrea shot more footage than I did so it is a collaboration with her. Also, the guide the company provided for our trip to the Taj Mahal took a few photos using tricks of the trade he had learned growing up in a house on a street in Agra nearby the entrance to one of the Taj's gates and these have been included.
We were fortunate in Delhi to be shown hospitality and given warm friendship by Rao Mallikarjuna and his family who appear toward the end of the video. Many thanks go to these wonderful people who made their home and knowledge of Delhi open to us. A couple of the shots were taken using Rao's keen photographic eye for composition.
The music was recorded last year in the aptly named Kashmir Studio in Auckland, owned by Sean Donnelly, who features on backing vocals, bass, harmonium and backwards piano. Chris O'Connor added drums and percussion.
ALEXANDER'S WALL
by Peter Curtis Mateer
He was lonely
He thought that it was an eternal night
The stars outside his window weren't too bright
The materialist in him turned out the light
He was drifting
And Morpheus didn't come to make things right
The ivory tower of beards long and white
Couldn't illuminate the dreamland of the moonless night
A lover is he who is chill in hell fire;
A knower is he who is dry in the sea. (1)
How shall a curtain part the lover and the loved one?
Not Alexander's wall can seperate them! (2)
Instrumental break
Repeat chorus
1. Persian mystic poem.
2. Hafiz: Shamsu'd-Din Muhammad, of Shiraz, died ca. 1389 A.D. One of the greatest of Persian poets.
Both quotations from Bahá'u'lláh's book The Seven Valley's And The Four Valleys published by Baha'i Publishing Trust, Wilmette, Illinois, translated by Marzieh Gail in consultation with Ali-Kuli Khan.
Peter the Great | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Peter the Great
00:01:19 1 Title
00:02:16 2 Life
00:02:24 2.1 Early years
00:07:20 2.2 Early reign
00:09:21 2.3 Grand Embassy
00:14:26 2.4 Great Northern War
00:19:34 2.5 Later years
00:24:06 2.6 Religion
00:25:44 3 Marriages and family
00:27:59 3.1 Issue
00:28:17 3.2 Death
00:30:06 3.3 Ancestors
00:30:14 4 Popular culture
00:32:14 5 See also
00:32:55 6 Notes
00:33:04 6.1 Footnotes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Peter the Great (Russian: Пётр Вели́кий, tr. Pyotr Velikiy, IPA: [ˈpʲɵtr vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj]), Peter I (Russian: Пётр I, tr. Pyotr I, IPA: [ˈpʲɵtr ˈpʲɛrvɨj]) or Peter Alexeyevich (Russian: Пётр Алексе́евич, IPA: [ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ]; 9 June [O.S. 30 May] 1672 – 8 February [O.S. 28 January] 1725) ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May [O.S. 27 April] 1682 until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V. Through a number of successful wars, he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power and also laid the groundwork for the Russian navy after capturing ports at Azov and the Baltic Sea. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, Westernised and based on the Enlightenment. Peter's reforms made a lasting impact on Russia, and many institutions of Russian government trace their origins to his reign. He is also known for founding and developing the city of Saint Petersburg, which remained the capital of Russia until 1917.
Alexander I of Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Alexander I of Russia
00:03:20 1 Early life
00:04:26 2 Succession to the throne
00:05:27 3 Domestic policy
00:08:03 4 Napoleonic wars
00:08:13 4.1 Views held by his contemporaries
00:09:03 4.2 Alliances with other powers
00:10:53 4.3 Opposition to Napoleon
00:12:34 4.4 1807 loss to French forces
00:14:45 4.5 Prussia
00:16:17 4.6 Franco-Russian alliance
00:20:13 4.7 War against Persia
00:22:28 4.8 French invasion
00:25:36 4.9 War of the Sixth Coalition
00:29:34 5 Postbellum
00:29:43 5.1 Peace of Paris and the Congress of Vienna
00:32:06 5.2 Liberal political views
00:34:58 5.3 Revolt of the Greeks
00:36:36 6 Private life
00:38:06 7 Death
00:39:34 8 Children
00:39:43 9 Other
00:40:16 10 Ancestry
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Alexander I (Russian: Александр Павлович, Aleksandr Pavlovich; 23 December [O.S. 12 December] 1777 – 1 December [O.S. 19 November] 1825) reigned as Emperor of Russia between 1801 and 1825. He was the oldest son of Paul I and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg. Alexander was the first Russian King of partitioned Poland, reigning from 1815 to 1825, as well as the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland, reigning from 1809 to 1825.
He was born in Saint Petersburg to Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, later Emperor Paul I, and succeeded to the throne after his father was murdered. He ruled Russia during the chaotic period of the Napoleonic Wars. As prince and during the early years of his reign, Alexander often used liberal rhetoric, but continued Russia's absolutist policies in practice. In the first years of his reign, he initiated some minor social reforms and (in 1803–04) major, liberal educational reforms, such as building more universities. Alexander appointed Mikhail Speransky, the son of a village priest, as one of his closest advisors. The Collegia was abolished and replaced by the State Council, which was created to improve legislation. Plans were also made to set up a parliament and sign a constitution.
In foreign policy, he changed Russia's position relative to France four times between 1804 and 1812 among neutrality, opposition, and alliance. In 1805 he joined Britain in the War of the Third Coalition against Napoleon, but after the massive defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz he switched and formed an alliance with Napoleon by the Treaty of Tilsit (1807) and joined Napoleon's Continental System. He fought a small-scale naval war against Britain between 1807 and 1812 as well as a short war against Sweden (1808–09) after Sweden's refusal to join the Continental System. Alexander and Napoleon hardly agreed, especially regarding Poland, and the alliance collapsed by 1810. The tsar's greatest triumph came in 1812 as Napoleon's invasion of Russia proved a total disaster for the French. As part of the winning coalition against Napoleon he gained some spoils in Finland and Poland. He formed the Holy Alliance to suppress revolutionary movements in Europe that he saw as immoral threats to legitimate Christian monarchs. He helped Austria's Klemens von Metternich in suppressing all national and liberal movements.
In the second half of his reign he was increasingly arbitrary, reactionary and fearful of plots against him; he ended many earlier reforms. He purged schools of foreign teachers, as education became more religiously oriented as well as politically conservative. Speransky was replaced as advisor with the strict artillery inspector Aleksey Arakcheyev, who oversaw the creation of military settlements. Alexander died of typhus in December 1825 while on a trip to southern Russia. He left no children, as his two daughters died in childhood. Both of his brothers wanted the other to become emperor. After a period of great confusion (that presaged the failed Decembrist revolt of liberal army officers in the weeks after his death), he was succeeded by his younger brother, Nicholas I.
Заметки о Черкесии №19 - Кабардинцы (Rus, Eng Subs)
Пожертвования:
Данный выпуск посвящен истории появления адыгского субэтноса кабардинцев, развитию Кабардинского княжества, его взаимоотношений с Крымским ханством и Россией, а также его судьбе в истории.
Таймкод выпуска:
2:30 - переселение на восток из Черкесии
4:07 - про версии древнего адыгского населения Кабарды
5:25 - фамилии Кабардинцев, Иналиды
7:50 - союз Ильдаровой Кабарды с Иваном Грозным, князь Темрюк
10:25- первые стычки с Османской империей
12:46 - усиление влияния Москвы
14:05 - полная независимость от Крымского ханства и война с ним
16:20 - Канжальская битва
20:55 - активное влияние России, русско-турецкая война 1736 года
23:05 - ухудшение отношений с Россией
24:20 - постройка Моздокской крепости, начало Кавказской войны
28:15 - полное политическое подчинение Кабарды
29:00 - колонизация кабардинских земель другими народами, Азово-моздокская линия
31:00 - последствия сужения территорий, чума. сокращение населения
32:08 - последние попытки сопротивления, выселение из гор, уход части кабардинцев в Кубанскую Черкесию
34:45 - судьба оставшихся кабардинцев
35:40 - культура кабардинцев и современные кабардинцы
Текстовая версия выпуска в ЖЖ:
В Фейсбук:
Dagestan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Dagestan
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Dagestan (; Russian: Дагеста́н), officially the Republic of Dagestan (Russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and largest city is Makhachkala, centrally located on the Caspian Sea coast.
With a population of 2,910,249, Dagestan is very ethnically diverse and Russia's most heterogeneous republic, with the largest ethnicity constituting less than 30% of the population. Largest among the ethnicities are the Avar, Dargin, Kumyk, Lezgian, Laks, Azerbaijani, Tabasaran, and Chechen. Ethnic Russians comprise about 3.6% of Dagestan's total population. Russian is the primary official language and the lingua franca among the ethnicities.Dagestan has been a scene of Islamic insurgency, occasional outbreaks of separatism, and ethnic tension since the 1990s. According to the International Crisis Group, the militant Islamist organization Shariat Jamaat is responsible for much of the violence. Much of the tension is rooted in an internal Islamic conflict between traditional Sufi groups advocating secular government and more recently introduced Salafist teachers preaching the implementation of a certain form of Sharia in Dagestan. Its government was dissolved in a major corruption investigation on 5 February 2018, and the region has since been under the direct control of the Russian government.
Catherine the Great | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:39 1 Early life
00:10:30 2 Reign of Peter III and the icoup d'état/i of July 1762
00:14:34 3 Reign (1762–96)
00:14:45 3.1 Coronation (1762)
00:16:13 3.2 Foreign affairs
00:17:39 3.2.1 Russo-Turkish Wars
00:19:52 3.2.2 Russo-Persian War
00:21:56 3.2.3 Relations with Western Europe
00:23:36 3.2.4 Partitions of Poland
00:25:22 3.2.5 Relations with Japan
00:26:21 3.3 Economics and finance
00:28:16 3.4 Arts and culture
00:35:08 3.5 Education
00:42:35 3.6 Religious affairs
00:43:52 3.6.1 Islam
00:46:09 3.6.2 Judaism
00:48:16 3.6.3 Russian Orthodoxy
00:50:40 3.7 Personal life
00:52:51 3.7.1 Poniatowski
00:55:43 3.7.2 Orlov
00:57:25 3.7.3 Potemkin
00:59:20 3.8 Serfs
00:59:42 3.8.1 Rights and conditions
01:03:46 3.8.2 Attitudes towards Catherine
01:06:27 4 Final months and death
01:10:51 5 Children
01:11:00 6 Romanov dynastic issues
01:11:11 6.1 Pretenders and potential pretenders to the throne
01:13:01 6.1.1 Rise of pretenders
01:17:03 6.1.2 Pretenders and royal marks
01:19:36 6.2 Succession to the throne
01:20:22 7 Titles and styles
01:21:13 8 In popular culture
01:22:22 9 Ancestry
01:22:31 10 List of prominent Catherinians
01:23:29 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.9799328397112379
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Yekaterina Alekseyevna; 2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729 – 17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатери́на Вели́кая, Yekaterina Velikaya), born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country's longest-ruling female leader. She came to power following a coup d'état that she organised—resulting in her husband, Peter III, being overthrown. Under her reign, Russia was revitalised; it grew larger and stronger and was recognised as one of the great powers of Europe.
In her accession to power and her rule of the empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably count Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Assisted by highly successful generals such as Alexander Suvorov and Pyotr Rumyantsev, and admirals such as Fyodor Ushakov, she governed at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding rapidly by conquest and diplomacy. In the south, the Crimean Khanate was crushed following victories over the Ottoman Empire in the Russo–Turkish wars, and Russia colonised the territories of Novorossiya along the coasts of the Black and Azov Seas. In the west, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, ruled by Catherine's former lover, king Stanisław August Poniatowski, was eventually partitioned, with the Russian Empire gaining the largest share. In the east, Russia started to colonise Alaska, establishing Russian America.
Catherine reformed the administration of Russian guberniyas, and many new cities and towns were founded on her orders. An admirer of Peter the Great, Catherine continued to modernise Russia along Western European lines. However, military conscription and the economy continued to depend on serfdom, and the increasing demands of the state and private landowners led to increased levels of reliance on serfs. This was one of the chief reasons behind several rebellions, including the large-scale Pugachev's Rebellion of cossacks and peasants.
Catherine decided to have herself inoculated against smallpox by a Scottish doctor, Thomas Dimsdale. While this was considered a controversial method at the time, she succeeded. Her son Pavel was later inoculated as well. Catherine then sought to have inoculations throughout her empire stating: My objective was, through my example, to save from death the multitude of my subjects who, not knowing the value of this technique, and frightened of it, were left in danger. By 1800, approximately 2 million inoculations were administer ...
History of Iran | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Iran
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of Iran, commonly also known as Persia in the Western world, is intertwined with the history of a larger region, also to an extent known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia, the Bosphorus, and Egypt in the west to the borders of Ancient India and the Syr Darya in the east, and from the Caucasus and the Eurasian Steppe in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.
Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 7000 BC. The southwestern and western part of the Iranian Plateau participated in the traditional Ancient Near East with Elam, from the Early Bronze Age, and later with various other peoples, such as the Kassites, Mannaeans, and Gutians. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel calls the Persians the first Historical People. The Medes unified Iran as a nation and empire in 625 BC. The Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC), founded by Cyrus the Great, was the first Persian empire and it ruled from the Balkans to North Africa and also Central Asia, spanning three continents, from their seat of power in Persis (Persepolis). It was the largest empire yet seen and the first world empire. The First Persian Empire was the only civilization in all of history to connect over 40% of the global population, accounting for approximately 49.4 million of the world's 112.4 million people in around 480 BC. They were succeeded by the Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian Empires, who successively governed Iran for almost 1,000 years and made Iran once again as a leading power in the world. Persia's arch-rival was the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire.
The Persian Empire proper begins in the Iron Age, following the influx of Iranian peoples. Iranian people gave rise to the Medes, the Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sasanian Empires of classical antiquity.
Once a major empire, Iran has endured invasions too, by the Greeks, Arabs, Turks, and the Mongols. Iran has continually reasserted its national identity throughout the centuries and has developed as a distinct political and cultural entity.
The Muslim conquest of Persia (633–654) ended the Sasanian Empire and is a turning point in Iranian history. Islamization of Iran took place during the eighth to tenth centuries, leading to the eventual decline of Zoroastrianism in Iran as well as many of its dependencies. However, the achievements of the previous Persian civilizations were not lost, but were to a great extent absorbed by the new Islamic polity and civilization.*
Iran, with its long history of early cultures and empires, had suffered particularly hard during the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. Many invasions of nomadic tribes, whose leaders became rulers in this country, affected it negatively.Iran was reunified as an independent state in 1501 by the Safavid dynasty, which set Shia Islam
as the empire's official religion, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. Functioning again as a leading power, this time amongst the neighboring Ottoman Empire, its arch-rival for centuries, Iran had been a monarchy ruled by an emperor almost without interruption from 1501 until the 1979 Iranian Revolution, when Iran officially became an Islamic republic on April 1, 1979.Over the course of the first half of the 19th century, Iran lost many of its territories in the Caucasus, which had been a part of Iran for centuries, comprising modern-day Eastern Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, to its rapidly expanding and emerged neighboring rival, the Russian Empire, following the Russo-Persian Wars between 1804–13 and 1826–8.
Early Middle Ages | Wikipedia audio article
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Early Middle Ages
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Early Middle Ages or Early Medieval Period, typically regarded as lasting from the 5th or 6th century to the 10th century CE, marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history. The term Late Antiquity is used to emphasize elements of continuity with the Roman Empire, while Early Middle Ages is used to emphasize developments characteristic of the later medieval period. As such it overlaps with Late Antiquity, following the decline of the Western Roman Empire, and precedes the High Middle Ages (c. 10th to 13th centuries).
The period saw a continuation of trends evident since late classical antiquity, including population decline, especially in urban centres, a decline of trade, a small rise in global warming and increased migration. The Early Middle Ages was labelled the Dark Ages in the 19th century, a characterization based on the relative scarcity of literary and cultural output from this time. However, the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, continued to survive, though in the 7th century the Islamic caliphates conquered swathes of formerly Roman territory.
Many of these trends were reversed later in the period. In 800 the title of emperor was revived in Western Europe by Charlemagne, whose Carolingian Empire greatly affected later European social structure and history. Europe experienced a return to systematic agriculture in the form of the feudal system which introduced such innovations as three-field planting and the heavy plough. Barbarian migration stabilized in much of Europe, although the north was greatly affected by the Viking expansion.
Early Middle Ages | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Early Middle Ages
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Early Middle Ages or Early Medieval Period, typically regarded as lasting from the 5th or 6th century to the 10th century CE, marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history. The term Late Antiquity is used to emphasize elements of continuity with the Roman Empire, while Early Middle Ages is used to emphasize developments characteristic of the later medieval period. As such it overlaps with Late Antiquity, following the decline of the Western Roman Empire, and precedes the High Middle Ages (c. 10th to 13th centuries).
The period saw a continuation of trends evident since late classical antiquity, including population decline, especially in urban centres, a decline of trade, a small rise in global warming and increased migration. The Early Middle Ages was labelled the Dark Ages in the 19th century, a characterization based on the relative scarcity of literary and cultural output from this time. However, the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, continued to survive, though in the 7th century the Islamic caliphates conquered swathes of formerly Roman territory.
Many of these trends were reversed later in the period. In 800 the title of emperor was revived in Western Europe by Charlemagne, whose Carolingian Empire greatly affected later European social structure and history. Europe experienced a return to systematic agriculture in the form of the feudal system which introduced such innovations as three-field planting and the heavy plough. Barbarian migration stabilized in much of Europe, although the north was greatly affected by the Viking expansion.
Safavid dynasty | Wikipedia audio article
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Safavid dynasty
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Safavid dynasty (; Persian: دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history. The Safavid shahs ruled over one of the Gunpowder Empires. They ruled one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Iran, and established the Twelver school of Shia Islam as the official religion of the empire, marking one of the most important turning points in Muslim history.
The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safaviyya Sufi order, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Azerbaijan region. It was of mixed ancestry (Kurdish and Azerbaijani, which included intermarriages with Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic Greek dignitaries). From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over parts of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sasanian Empire to establish a national state officially known as Iran.The Safavids ruled from 1501 to 1722 (experiencing a brief restoration from 1729 to 1736) and, at their height, they controlled all of modern Iran, Azerbaijan Republic, Bahrain, Armenia, eastern Georgia, parts of the North Caucasus, Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan, as well as parts of Turkey, Syria, Pakistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Despite their demise in 1736, the legacy that they left behind was the revival of Persia as an economic stronghold between East and West, the establishment of an efficient state and bureaucracy based upon checks and balances, their architectural innovations and their patronage for fine arts. The Safavids have also left their mark down to the present era by spreading Shi'a Islam in Iran, as well as major parts of the Caucasus, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia.
Safavid dynasty | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Safavid dynasty
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Safavid dynasty (; Persian: دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history. The Safavid shahs ruled over one of the Gunpowder Empires. They ruled one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Iran, and established the Twelver school of Shia Islam as the official religion of the empire, marking one of the most important turning points in Muslim history.
The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safaviyya Sufi order, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Azerbaijan region. It was of mixed ancestry (Kurdish and Azerbaijani, which included intermarriages with Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic Greek dignitaries). From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over parts of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sasanian Empire to establish a national state officially known as Iran.The Safavids ruled from 1501 to 1722 (experiencing a brief restoration from 1729 to 1736) and, at their height, they controlled all of modern Iran, Azerbaijan Republic, Bahrain, Armenia, eastern Georgia, parts of the North Caucasus, Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan, as well as parts of Turkey, Syria, Pakistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Despite their demise in 1736, the legacy that they left behind was the revival of Persia as an economic stronghold between East and West, the establishment of an efficient state and bureaucracy based upon checks and balances, their architectural innovations and their patronage for fine arts. The Safavids have also left their mark down to the present era by spreading Shi'a Islam in Iran, as well as major parts of the Caucasus, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia.
Sasanian Empire | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sasanian Empire
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sasanian Empire (), also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr, or Iran, in Middle Persian), was the last kingdom of the Persian Empire before the rise of Islam, and was named after the House of Sasan; it ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire succeeded the Parthian Empire and was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire for a period of more than 400 years.The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.