Romani people | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:21 1 Names
00:03:30 1.1 Exonyms
00:06:08 1.2 Endonyms
00:06:46 1.3 Romani usage
00:08:07 1.4 English usage
00:09:46 1.5 Other designations
00:11:58 2 Population and subgroups
00:12:08 2.1 Romani population
00:12:58 2.2 Romani subgroups
00:18:33 2.3 Diaspora
00:21:24 3 Origin
00:21:58 3.1 iShahnameh/i legend
00:22:59 3.2 Linguistic evidence
00:25:40 3.3 Genetic evidence
00:31:39 3.4 Possible migration route
00:33:20 4 History
00:33:29 4.1 Arrival in Europe
00:35:02 4.2 Early Modern history
00:38:53 4.3 Modern history
00:39:32 4.3.1 World War II
00:40:50 4.3.2 Post-1945
00:42:21 5 Society and traditional culture
00:45:06 5.1 Belonging and exclusion
00:46:00 5.2 Religion
00:46:22 5.2.1 Beliefs
00:47:39 5.2.2 Deities and saints
00:48:39 5.2.3 Ceremonies and practices
00:49:48 5.2.4 Balkans
00:52:35 5.2.5 Other regions
00:54:29 5.3 Music
00:57:41 6 Contemporary art and culture
00:58:47 7 Language
01:01:08 8 Persecutions
01:01:17 8.1 Historical persecution
01:05:19 8.2 Forced assimilation
01:08:05 8.3 Holocaust
01:10:10 9 Contemporary issues
01:14:35 9.1 Forced repatriation
01:16:00 10 Organizations and projects
01:16:32 11 Artistic representations
01:18:42 12 See also
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SUMMARY
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The Romani (also spelled Romany , ), colloquially known as Gypsies or Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, traditionally itinerant, living mostly in Europe and the Americas and originating from the northern Indian subcontinent, from the Rajasthan, Haryana, and Punjab regions of modern-day India.Genetic findings appear to confirm that the Romani came from a single group that left northwestern India about 1,500 years ago. Genetic research published in the European Journal of Human Genetics revealed that over 70% of males belong to a single lineage that appears unique to the Roma. They are a dispersed people, but their most concentrated populations are located in Europe, especially Central, Eastern and Southern Europe (including Turkey, Spain and Southern France). The Romani originated in northern India and arrived in Mid-West Asia and Europe around 1,000 years ago. They have been associated with another Indo-Aryan group, the Dom people: the two groups have been said to have separated from each other or, at least, to share a similar history. Specifically, the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between the 6th and 11th century.The Romani are widely known among English-speaking people by the exonym Gypsies (or Gipsies), which some people consider pejorative due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity. Beginning in 1888 the Gypsy Lore Society started to publish a journal that was meant to dispel rumors about their lifestyle.Since the 19th century, some Romani have also migrated to the Americas. There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States; and 800,000 in Brazil, most of whose ancestors emigrated in the 19th century from Eastern Europe. Brazil also includes a notable Romani community descended from people deported by the Portuguese Empire during the Portuguese Inquisition. In migrations since the late 19th century, Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and to Canada.In February 2016, during the International Roma Conference, the Indian Minister of External Affairs stated that the people of the Roma community were children of India. The conference ended with a recommendation to the Government of India to recognize the Roma community spread across 30 countries as a part of the Indian diaspora.The Romani language is divided into several dialects which together have an estimated number of speakers of more than two million. The total number of Romani people is at least twice as high (several times as high according to high estimates). Ma ...