China hopes to become a major wine player
(13 Jul 2009) SHOTLIST
Mulangou, China, April 18, 2009
1. Zoom out from the castle to a view of the Treaty Port vineyard
2. Mid shot tilt down from castle to a sign of wine variety in English and Chinese
3. Mid shot of vines
Penglai, China, April 17, 2009
4. Wide shot Penglai pavilion over the beach
5. Close up Penglai pavilion
6. Mid shot tourists walking with a pagoda in the background
7. Wide shot citadella with tourist passing by and pagoda in the background
8. Close up of two Chinese national flags
9. Wide shot of harbour with a vessel passing by
10. Mid shot of boats in the harbour
11. Wide shot of beach and boats in the background
Mulangou, China, April 18, 2009
12. Wide of vineyard with farmers working
13. Close up of sign of Grenache Noir in English and Chinese
14. SOUNDBITE: (English) Chris Ruffle, Treaty Port Winery Owner:
The way of doing business in China tends to be, they try to make money fast. Get a quick return, which is the opposite of making nice wine. This will take a while. This takes years to do. What grapes best suit, what methods best suit.
15. Wide of vineyard with labourers
Mulangou, China, April 17, 2009
16. Close up of small shovel hitting the rocks
17. Mid shot follows Gerard Colin as he picks rocks up and talks about the terrain
18. Wide shot pan of Domaines Baron de Rothschild's estate
19. SOUNDBITE (French) G�rard Colin, DBR's Enologist in China:
We want to make a wine for the Chinese market. Because we think that the Chinese will be proud to drink a good Chinese product, which is produced by a great name.
Yantai, China, April 18, 2009
20. Mid shot of a group of Chinese people drinking wine
21. Close up of a Chinese man tasting wine
22. Close up of Chinese red wine bottles
23. Close up of Chinese white wine bottle
24. Close up of barrels in Changyu Chateau's cellar
25. Wide shot of barrels in Changyu Chateau's cellar
26. Mid shot of bottles on the shelves
Shanghai, China, May 14, 2009
27. Wide shot pan following a waitress carrying a wine bucket
28. Close up of Symphony series white wine
29. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Alberto Fernandez, Torres China Managing Partner:
Quality, nowadays, is very low in general. If you go to a supermarket and buy ten bottles of ten different brands, up to half of them could have flaws which would exclude them from the competition in a professional tasting.
30. Close up of waitress' hands opening the bottle
31. Mid shot of waitress opening the bottle
32. Close up of wine being poured into a cup
33. Close up of a Chinese woman drinking wine
Mulangou, China, April 18, 2009
34. SOUNDBITE: (English) Chris Ruffle, Treaty Port Winery Owner
Now, China, in this world atlas, China has a kind of a half of a page in the back of the book. And I am sure we will deserve a few more pages than that in ten or twenty years' time.
Mulangou, China, April 17, 2009
35. Close up of flowers and change of focus to a wide shot of fields in the background
36. Mid shot of a farmer working on the field
37. SOUNDBITE (French) Gerard Colin, DBR's Enologist in China:
Penglai needs to find its own character. We need to find the type and the variety of grape that we can use to make wine in Penglai. If it's to drink a Bordeaux in Penglai, it's better to go drink it in Bordeaux.
38. Wide shot of a group of farmers on a tractor
Mulangou, China, April 18, 2009
39. Wide shot of a worker spraying the vines
40. Wide shot of vines
41. Mid shot of the castle's tower
42. Close up of the Treaty Port's castle's weather vane
43. Wide shot of the vines with the castle in the background
LEAD IN:
China may not conjure up images of vast vineyards or aged wine.
But leading global wine makers are attempting to change that.
STORYLINE:
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Yantai, Shandong, China, 中国山东省烟台市 官方宣传片map, weather, hotel, airport, school
Yantai
City in China
Yantai encompasses a port city and its surrounding area in eastern China's Shandong province. In the north is Penglai Pavilion, a centuries-old clifftop pagoda overlooking the Bohai Strait. Farther east, connected to the mainland, Zhifu Island is the site of Neolithic artifacts. Nearby, Changyu Wine Culture Museum offers insight into the region’s wine production and Fisherman’s Wharf is home to restaurants and bars.
Weather: 47°F (8°C), Wind S at 5 mph (8 km/h), 33% Humidity
Local time: Wednesday 9:25 PM
Population: 6.518 million (2011)
Yantai
City
Yantai, formerly known as Zhifu or Chefoo, is a prefecture-level city on the Bohai Strait in northeastern Shandong Province, China. Lying on the southern coast of the Korea Bay, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east. It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong. Its population was 6,968,202 during the 2010 census, of whom 2,227,733 lived in the built-up area made up of the 4 urban districts of Zhifu, Muping, Fushan, and Laishan.
Text under CC-BY-SA license
Official website
Local time: 9:25 PM 3/22/2017
Weather: 44°F (7°C), Partly Cloudy · See more
Population: 6.97 million (2010)
Area: 5,305 sq miles (13,740 km²)
Colleges and universities: Shandong Institute of Business and Technology · Yantai University
Mayor: Meng Fanli 孟凡利
Yantai, (Pinyin: Yāntái) formerly known as Zhifu or Chefoo, is a prefecture-level city on the Bohai Strait in northeastern Shandong Province, China. Lying on the southern coast of the Korea Bay, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east. It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong. Its population was 6,968,202 during the 2010 census, of whom 2,227,733 lived in the built-up area made up of the 4 urban districts of Zhifu, Muping, Fushan, and Laishan.
Holiday Inn Qingdao City Center
1 Xuzhou Road, Shandong Qingdao 266071
The hotel Holiday Inn Qingdao City Center is easily accessible from Qingdao Liuting International Airport .
Business facilities Business Center Meeting Rooms
Hotel facilities Air Conditioning Car rental desk Dry cleaning Executive floor Wi Fi Connection Interior corridor access to rooms free parking Children programs Room service Private dining for groups
Leisure facilities Golf course Health Club Indoor Pool Swimming pool
Room facilities Data port
Restaurant Dining Options: Evening Reception Complimentary
Property Has 3 Restaurants On-site
Additional Meal Plan Description -
- complimentary breakfast buffet in executive rooms and
suites
Ocean Cafe Shop
Type of Restaurant - Cafe
The Lounge
Type of Restaurant - Bar/Lounge
Restaurant Description -
Your prior choice for relax and meet. Enjoy a glass of
wine or afternoon tea- taste exquisite desserts- or a
cocktail and romantic atmosphere at night with classic
lyrical music. Located in the first floor. Available
at limited hours.
Yi Qing Yuan Chinese
Type of Cuisine - Chinese
Smoking policy Smoking not permitted
Check-in time: 14:00 Check-out time: 12:00
Local Attractions Luxun Park 10 Km W Qingdao Beer Museum 5 Km Nw Childrens Park 7 Km Nw Badaguan 10 Km W Tao - Qingdao Shandong Laoshan Mountain 27 Km Ne 1.5 Mi Ne Sunshine Department Store 0.5 Km Se Sunshine Tower 0.5 Km Se Huanhu Park 7 Km Ne Marina Plaza 2 Km Se Qingdao International Golf14 Km Ne Primary City - Zhongshan Park 6 Km W Qingdao Olympic Sailing Ce1.5 Km Se Shilaoren Sightseeing Gard12 Km Ne Bali Chuntian Square 3 Km Nw Hisense Plaza 2 Km Se Xinhaoshan Park 7 Km W The Lutheran Church 12 Km W Haiyang Park 6 Km E Qingdao Polar Ocean World 6 Km E Bai Lao Hui Cinema 12 Km Se SHA: 10.0 Mile 1_5 Mi Ne TAO Sunshine Tower 0_5 Km Se Sunshine Department Store 0_5 Km Se Qingdao Olympic Sailing Ce1_5 Km Se
Location Directions: Direction to the Property from East -
Head southwest on Xianggang East Rd. Slight right to
merge onto Ningxia Rd. Turn left at Gaoxiong Rd. Turn
right at Xianggang Middle Rd. Turn right at Xuzhou Rd.
Hotel is on the right.
Direction to the Property from North -
Head southeast on Chengyang Elevated Rd. Continue onto
308 National Rd. Exit onto Fuzhou North Rd. Take ramp
at Xianggang Middle Rd. Turn right at Xuzhou Rd. Hotel
is on the right.
Direction to the Property from Qingdao Railway Station -
Head East West Expressway- turn right at Nanjing Road-
turn right at Hongkong Middle Road- Turn right at
Xuzhou Road- then arrive at Hotel
Direction to the Property from South -
Head north on Yanhai Expressway toward Fenguan
Expressway then Tongsan Expressway. Take exit G22
toward Qinglan Expressway. Take exit S96. Keep left at
the fork to continue toward Jiaozhouwan Expressway.
Exit onto Anshan Rd. Turn right at Nanjing Rd. Turn
right at Ningxia Rd. Take the 1st left onto Nanjing Rd.
Take the ramp onto Xianggang Middle Rd. Turn right at
Xuzhou Rd. Hotel is on the right.
Direction to the Property from West -
Head northwest on Jiaozhouwan Expressway toward exits
Wangtai. Exit onto Anshan Rd. Turn right at Nanjing Rd.
Turn right at Ningxia Rd. Take the 1st left onto
Nanjing Rd. Take the ramp onto Xianggang Middle Rd.
Turn right at Xuzhou Rd. Hotel is on the right.
Credit cards accepted by hotel Amex MasterCard Visa
Battle Trip | 배틀트립 – Ep.36 : ShinLeeKoala Tour [ENG/TAI/2017.02.19]
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- Ep.36: Lee Teuk and Shindong. Let’s drink like a pirate! “신이엔 콰일러” team! A trip to Qingdao and Yantai in Shandong. Shandong cuisine with Tsingtao beer to beer museum and street! They even experience hot spring and Han’s Folk Village.
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Harley-Davidsons hit the road in China
Members of the Harley Owners Group are hog wild about their favorite motorcycle - and enthusiasm for the Harley-Davidson extends far beyond our own shores. Seth Doane has a report on the iconic American motorcycle that's tearing up the Far East.
St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao
00:00:00 Introduction : St. Michael`s Cathedral, Qingdao
00:02:04 Part 1: History
00:03:07 Chapter 1: German presence in Qingdao
00:07:57 Chapter 2: Design and construction
00:12:01 Chapter 3: 1938–1949: occupation, liberation, and civil war
00:14:12 Chapter 4: 1949–1976: Under Mao
00:17:57 Chapter 5: Restoration
00:20:47 Part 2: Description
00:20:47 Chapter 1: Exterior and plan
00:23:16 Chapter 2: Interior
00:27:18 Part 3: Services
00:27:53 Part 4: Ordinaries
00:29:28 Postscript : Information about this video and recording.
Audiobook for wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Michael's_Cathedral,_Qingdao
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00:00:00 Arturo Toscanini: In Memorial of Arrigo Boito - 3 (European Archive)
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00:24:31 Julius Benedict: II. Carnival of Venice (Mado Robin)
(CC)(PD)
Battle Trip | 배틀트립 – Ep.60 : Lee K Tour 2 [ENG/THA/2017.08.04]
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- Ep.60: A place where men's fantasy becomes reality. They arrive at Copenhagen, Denmark, after being in Munich, Germany. A block toy land where the two became children again! A day is way too long here. First revealed on Battle Trip! White night phenomenon where the sun does not set even at night. A trip to Copenhagen by Lee Hyun and K.will.
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대한민국 대표 해외채널 KBS World를 유튜브에서 만나세요. KBS World는 전세계 시청자에게 재미있고 유익한 한류 콘텐츠를 영어 자막과 함께 제공하는 No.1 한류 채널입니다. KBS World 유튜브 채널을 구독하고 최신 드라마, K-Pop, 예능, 다큐멘터리 정보를 받아보세요.
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[歐遊Vlog]- Day14-Heineken Experience 喜力啤酒博物館
Wuhan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:53 1 Etymology
00:04:54 2 History
00:05:02 2.1 Antiquity
00:05:56 2.2 Early Imperial China
00:09:55 2.3 Qing dynasty
00:14:12 2.3.1 Wuchang Uprising
00:18:11 2.4 Republic of China
00:25:38 2.5 People's Republic of China
00:32:25 3 Geography
00:32:33 3.1 Cityscape
00:32:42 3.2 Overview
00:35:24 3.3 Climate
00:37:41 4 Government and politics
00:38:34 4.1 Administrative divisions
00:39:03 4.2 Diplomatic missions
00:39:56 5 Economy
00:42:15 5.1 Industrial zones
00:45:45 6 Demographics
00:46:38 6.1 Religion
00:47:30 7 Transportation
00:47:39 7.1 Railways
00:51:06 7.2 Wuhan Metro
00:53:07 7.3 Trams
00:54:04 7.4 Maritime transport
00:54:24 7.5 Ferry
00:55:12 7.6 Airports
00:56:54 7.7 Highways and Expressways
00:57:29 7.8 Bicycle-sharing system
00:58:41 8 Destinations
01:04:01 9 Education
01:04:10 9.1 Schools and universities
01:07:05 9.2 Scientific research
01:09:10 10 Media
01:10:33 11 Culture
01:11:16 11.1 Language
01:11:46 11.2 Cuisine
01:15:07 11.3 Opera
01:15:37 11.4 Sports
01:17:35 12 Architecture
01:17:44 12.1 Bridges
01:21:15 12.2 Skyscrapers
01:23:10 13 Notable Wuhanese
01:23:20 13.1 Politics
01:23:39 13.2 Business
01:23:51 13.3 Science
01:24:25 13.4 Sports
01:27:01 13.5 Arts
01:28:24 13.6 Other fields
01:29:40 14 Sister cities
01:29:56 15 Nature and wildlife
01:30:40 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
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Speaking Rate: 0.9169386135658224
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Wuhan ([ù.xân] (listen); simplified Chinese: 武汉; traditional Chinese: 武漢) is the capital and largest city of the Chinese province of Hubei. It is the most populous city in Central China, with a population of over 10 million, the seventh-most populated Chinese city, and one of the nine National Central Cities of China. It lies in the eastern Jianghan Plain, on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River's intersection with the Han river. Arising out of the conglomeration of three cities, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, Wuhan is known as China's Thoroughfare (九省通衢), and holds sub-provincial status.
Wuhan's history dates 3500 years. It was the location of the Wuchang Uprising, which led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China. Wuhan was briefly the capital of China in 1927 under the left wing of the Kuomintang (KMT) government led by Wang Jingwei. The city later served as the wartime capital of China in 1937 for 10 months during the Second Sino-Japanese War. During the Chinese Cultural Revolution, an armed conflict between two hostile groups who were fighting for control over the city became known as the Wuhan incident.
Wuhan today is considered the political, economic, financial, commercial, cultural and educational centre of Central China. It is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and expressways passing through the city and connecting to other major cities. Because of its key role in domestic transportation, Wuhan is sometimes referred to as the Chicago of China by foreign sources. The Golden Waterway of the Yangtze River and its largest tributary, the Han River, traverse the urban area and divides Wuhan into the three districts of Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang. The Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge crosses the Yangtze in the city. The Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity, is located nearby.
While Wuhan has for decades been a traditional base for manufacturing, it has also become one of the areas promoting modern industrial change. Wuhan consists of three national development zones, four scientific and technologic development parks, over 350 research institutes, 1,656 hi-tech enterprises, numerous enterprise incubators, and investments from 230 Fortune Global 500 firms. It produced GDP of US$ 224 billion in 2018. The Dongfeng Motor Corporation, an automobile manufacturer, is hea ...
Cruise Ship Private Island vs Exploring a Caribbean Island On Your Own
Cruise Ship Private Island vs Exploring a Caribbean Island On Your Own Which is the better way to go? If you get off a cruise ship in a Caribbean port, you can explore the local lay of the lnd, but you may be subjected to unwanted advances from locals trying to sell you something. If you only visit private islands or cays operated by the cruise lines, you may become bored with the lack of local culture, but you will enjoy security and a fun setting for a day out with your children.
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Wuhan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Wuhan
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Wuhan ([ù.xân] (listen); simplified Chinese: 武汉; traditional Chinese: 武漢) is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China. It's the most populous city in Central China, and one of the nine National Central Cities of China. It lies in the eastern Jianghan Plain on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River's intersection with the Han river. Arising out of the conglomeration of three cities, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, Wuhan is known as 'China's Thoroughfare'; it is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and expressways passing through the city and connecting to other major cities. Because of its key role in domestic transportation, Wuhan is sometimes referred to as the Chicago of China by foreign sources.Holding sub-provincial status, Wuhan is recognized as the political, economic, financial, cultural, educational and transportation center of central China. In 1927, Wuhan was briefly the capital of China under the left wing of the Kuomintang (KMT) government led by Wang Jingwei. The city later served as the wartime capital of China in 1937 for three days.The Wuhan Gymnasium held the 2011 FIBA Asia Championship and will be one of the venues for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup.The 7th Military World Games will be hosted from Oct. 18 to 27, 2019 in Wuhan.
Auckland
The Auckland urban area (/ˈɔːklənd/, AWK-lənd), in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country. Auckland has a population of 1,418,000, which constitutes 32 percent of the country's population. It is part of the wider Auckland Region, which includes the rural areas and towns north and south of the urban area, plus the islands of the Hauraki Gulf, resulting in a total population of 1,529,300 that is governed by the Auckland Council. Auckland also has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world. In Māori, Auckland's name is Tāmaki Makaurau and the transliterated version of Auckland is Ākarana.
The Auckland urban area (as defined by Statistics New Zealand) ranges to Waiwera in the north, Kumeu in the northwest, and Runciman in the south. It is not contiguous; the section from Waiwera to Whangaparaoa Peninsula is separate from its nearest neighbouring suburb of Long Bay. Auckland lies between the Hauraki Gulf of the Pacific Ocean to the east, the low Hunua Ranges to the south-east, the Manukau Harbour to the south-west, and the Waitakere Ranges and smaller ranges to the west and north-west. The central part of the urban area occupies a narrow isthmus between the Manukau Harbour on the Tasman Sea and the Waitemata Harbour on the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the few cities in the world to have two harbours on two separate major bodies of water.
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Venice | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:49 1 Etymology
00:05:41 2 History
00:05:50 2.1 Origins
00:13:32 2.2 Expansion
00:22:02 2.3 Decline
00:24:29 2.4 Modern age
00:27:18 2.5 Subsidence
00:27:40 2.5.1 Foundations
00:28:54 2.5.2 History
00:33:04 3 Geography
00:33:13 3.1 Sestieri
00:35:21 3.2 Climate
00:36:10 4 Government
00:39:53 5 Economy
00:44:14 5.1 Tourism
00:47:49 5.1.1 Minimising the effects of tourism
00:53:37 5.2 Foreign words of Venetian origin
00:54:25 6 Transportation
00:54:35 6.1 In the historic centre
00:57:23 6.1.1 Waterways
00:58:32 6.2 Public transport
00:58:53 6.2.1 Lagoon area
00:59:44 6.2.2 Lido and Pellestrina islands
01:00:20 6.2.3 Mainland
01:01:56 6.3 Trains
01:03:26 6.4 Ports
01:04:38 6.5 Airports
01:06:37 7 Sport
01:08:33 8 Education
01:10:02 9 Demographics
01:14:38 10 Culture
01:14:47 10.1 Literature
01:18:20 10.1.1 In literature and adapted works
01:19:57 10.2 Art and printing
01:23:14 10.3 Venetian gothic architecture
01:23:56 10.4 Rococo architectural style
01:26:07 10.5 Glass
01:28:04 10.6 Cinema, media, and popular culture
01:28:34 10.7 Festivals
01:30:27 10.7.1 In films
01:32:45 10.8 Music
01:34:39 10.8.1 The orchestra
01:34:59 10.8.2 In popular music
01:35:21 10.8.3 In video games
01:36:19 10.9 Photography
01:37:06 10.10 Cuisine
01:39:13 10.11 Fashion and shopping
01:41:14 11 Notable people
01:51:10 12 International relations
01:51:59 12.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:52:34 12.2 Cooperation agreements
01:53:15 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7469078544352893
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Venice (, VEN-iss; Italian: Venezia [veˈnɛttsja] (listen); Venetian: Venesia, Venexia [veˈnɛsja]) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
It is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave rivers (more exactly between the Brenta and the Sile). Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork. The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.In 2018, 260,897 people resided in Comune di Venezia, of whom around 55,000 live in the historical city of Venice (Centro storico). Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE), with a total population of 2.6 million. PATREVE is only a statistical metropolitan area.The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC. The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice. Venice has been known as the La Dominante, Serenissima, Queen of the Adriatic, City of Water, City of Masks, City of Bridges, The Floating City, and City of Canals.
The 697-1797 Republic of Venice was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as a very important center of commerce (especially silk, grain, and spice) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century. The city-state of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial center which gradually emerged from the 9th century to its peak in the 14th century. This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history.It is also known for its several important artistic movements, especially the Renaissance period. After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna, the Republic was annexed by the Austrian Empire, until it became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, following a referendum held as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence. Venice has played an important role in the history of symphonic and operatic music, and ...
First World War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
First World War
00:06:48 1 Names
00:09:48 2 Background
00:09:57 2.1 Political and military alliances
00:12:25 2.2 Arms race
00:14:34 2.3 Conflicts in the Balkans
00:15:54 3 Prelude
00:16:03 3.1 Sarajevo assassination
00:18:08 3.2 Expansion of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina
00:19:05 3.3 July Crisis
00:23:12 4 Progress of the war
00:23:21 4.1 Opening hostilities
00:23:30 4.1.1 Confusion among the Central Powers
00:24:17 4.1.2 Serbian campaign
00:24:59 4.1.3 German Offensive in Belgium and France
00:28:12 4.1.4 Asia and the Pacific
00:29:18 4.1.5 African campaigns
00:30:01 4.1.6 Indian support for the Allies
00:31:30 4.2 Western Front
00:31:39 4.2.1 Trench warfare begins
00:33:54 4.2.2 Continuation of trench warfare
00:37:33 4.3 Naval war
00:42:15 4.4 Southern theatres
00:42:24 4.4.1 War in the Balkans
00:46:00 4.4.2 Ottoman Empire
00:50:36 4.4.3 Italian participation
00:54:43 4.4.4 Romanian participation
00:57:39 4.5 Eastern Front
00:57:47 4.5.1 Initial actions
00:58:39 4.5.2 Russian Revolution
01:01:18 4.5.3 Czechoslovak Legion
01:02:43 4.6 Central Powers peace overtures
01:04:27 4.7 1917–1918
01:04:45 4.7.1 Developments in 1917
01:07:48 4.7.2 Ottoman Empire conflict, 1917–1918
01:10:53 4.7.3 15 August 1917: Peace offer by the Pope
01:11:55 4.7.4 Entry of the United States
01:15:30 4.7.5 German Spring Offensive of 1918
01:19:05 4.7.6 New states enter the war
01:20:23 4.8 Allied victory: summer 1918 onwards
01:20:34 4.8.1 Hundred Days Offensive
01:22:42 4.8.1.1 Battle of Albert
01:24:15 4.8.2 Allied advance to the Hindenburg Line
01:26:05 4.8.3 German Revolution 1918-1919
01:27:04 4.8.4 New German government surrenders
01:28:03 4.8.5 Armistices and capitulations
01:31:30 5 Aftermath
01:32:11 5.1 Formal end of the war
01:34:02 5.2 Peace treaties and national boundaries
01:38:33 5.3 National identities
01:41:52 5.4 Health effects
01:45:21 6 Technology
01:45:30 6.1 Ground warfare
01:50:58 6.1.1 Areas taken in major attacks
01:52:34 6.2 Naval
01:53:29 6.3 Aviation
01:55:35 7 War crimes
01:55:44 7.1 Baralong incidents
01:56:40 7.2 Torpedoing of HMHS iLlandovery Castle/i
01:57:27 7.3 Blockade of Germany
01:58:16 7.4 Chemical weapons in warfare
02:00:16 7.5 Genocide and ethnic cleansing
02:00:25 7.5.1 Ottoman Empire
02:02:04 7.5.2 Russian Empire
02:02:29 7.6 Rape of Belgium
02:03:54 8 Soldiers' experiences
02:04:30 8.1 Prisoners of war
02:08:11 8.2 Military attachés and war correspondents
02:08:37 9 Support for and opposition to the war
02:08:48 9.1 Support
02:12:19 9.2 Opposition
02:18:01 9.3 Conscription
02:18:27 9.3.1 Conscription in Canada
02:18:54 9.3.2 Conscription in Australia
02:19:25 9.3.3 Conscription in Britain
02:20:55 9.3.4 United States
02:22:56 9.3.5 Austria-Hungary
02:23:38 9.4 Diplomacy
02:24:29 10 Legacy and memory
02:24:53 10.1 Historiography
02:25:36 10.2 Memorials
02:27:16 10.3 Cultural memory
02:30:08 10.4 Social trauma
02:31:17 10.5 Discontent in Germany
02:33:15 10.6 Economic effects
02:39:28 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars, it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a direct result of the war, and it also contributed to later genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic, which caused between 50 and 100 million deaths worldwide. Military losses were exacerbated by new technological and industrial developments and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political changes, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923, in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries ...
World War 1 | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:07:53 1 Names
00:09:18 2 Background
00:09:27 2.1 Political and military alliances
00:12:19 2.2 Arms race
00:14:49 2.3 Conflicts in the Balkans
00:16:20 3 Prelude
00:16:29 3.1 Sarajevo assassination
00:18:51 3.2 Expansion of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina
00:19:55 3.3 July Crisis
00:24:37 4 Progress of the war
00:24:46 4.1 Opening hostilities
00:24:55 4.1.1 Confusion among the Central Powers
00:25:50 4.1.2 Serbian campaign
00:26:38 4.1.3 German Offensive in Belgium and France
00:30:16 4.1.4 Asia and the Pacific
00:31:30 4.1.5 African campaigns
00:32:18 4.1.6 Indian support for the Allies
00:34:01 4.2 Western Front
00:34:10 4.2.1 Trench warfare begins
00:36:45 4.2.2 Continuation of trench warfare
00:40:58 4.3 Naval war
00:46:23 4.4 Southern theatres
00:46:32 4.4.1 War in the Balkans
00:50:38 4.4.2 Ottoman Empire
00:55:59 4.4.3 Italian participation
01:01:03 4.4.4 Romanian participation
01:04:21 4.5 Eastern Front
01:04:29 4.5.1 Initial actions
01:05:28 4.5.2 Russian Revolution
01:08:23 4.5.3 Czechoslovak Legion
01:10:01 4.6 Central Powers peace overtures
01:12:01 4.7 1917–1918
01:12:21 4.7.1 Developments in 1917
01:15:52 4.7.2 Ottoman Empire conflict, 1917–1918
01:19:27 4.7.3 15 August 1917: Peace offer by the Pope
01:20:37 4.7.4 Entry of the United States
01:24:44 4.7.5 German Spring Offensive of 1918
01:28:54 4.7.6 New states enter the war
01:30:24 4.8 Allied victory: summer 1918 onwards
01:30:35 4.8.1 Hundred Days Offensive
01:33:03 4.8.1.1 Battle of Albert
01:34:50 4.8.2 Allied advance to the Hindenburg Line
01:37:00 4.8.3 German Revolution 1918–1919
01:38:08 4.8.4 New German government surrenders
01:39:15 4.8.5 Armistices and capitulations
01:43:13 5 Aftermath
01:43:58 5.1 Formal end of the war
01:46:10 5.2 Peace treaties and national boundaries
01:51:31 5.3 National identities
01:55:38 5.4 Health effects
01:59:52 6 Technology
02:00:01 6.1 Ground warfare
02:06:16 6.1.1 Areas taken in major attacks
02:08:06 6.2 Naval
02:09:08 6.3 Aviation
02:11:34 7 War crimes
02:11:43 7.1 Baralong incidents
02:12:46 7.2 Torpedoing of HMHS iLlandovery Castle/i
02:13:40 7.3 Blockade of Germany
02:14:36 7.4 Chemical weapons in warfare
02:16:51 7.5 Genocide and ethnic cleansing
02:17:01 7.5.1 Ottoman Empire
02:18:56 7.5.2 Russian Empire
02:19:24 7.6 Rape of Belgium
02:21:01 8 Soldiers' experiences
02:21:42 8.1 Prisoners of war
02:25:59 8.2 Military attachés and war correspondents
02:26:27 9 Support for the war
02:30:55 10 Opposition to the war
02:37:30 11 Conscription
02:37:58 11.1 Canada
02:38:29 11.2 Australia
02:39:46 11.3 Britain
02:41:31 11.4 United States
02:43:52 11.5 Austria-Hungary
02:44:39 12 Diplomacy
02:45:36 13 Legacy and memory
02:46:01 13.1 Historiography
02:46:49 13.2 Memorials
02:48:45 13.3 Cultural memory
02:52:07 13.4 Social trauma
02:53:27 13.5 Discontent in Germany
02:55:43 13.6 Economic effects
03:02:54 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8774969973351399
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars, it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide.On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, leading to the July Crisis. In response, on 23 ...
Venice | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Venice
00:02:54 1 Etymology
00:04:19 2 History
00:04:28 2.1 Origins
00:10:12 2.2 Expansion
00:16:33 2.3 Decline
00:18:22 2.4 Modern age
00:20:30 2.5 Subsidence
00:20:48 2.5.1 Foundations
00:21:44 2.5.2 History
00:24:52 3 Geography
00:25:01 3.1 Sestieri
00:26:38 3.2 Climate
00:27:17 4 Government
00:30:05 5 Economy
00:33:08 5.1 Tourism
00:35:51 5.1.1 Minimising the effects of tourism
00:39:25 5.2 Foreign words of Venetian origin
00:40:04 6 Transportation
00:40:13 6.1 In the historic centre
00:42:20 6.1.1 Waterways
00:43:13 6.2 Public transport
00:43:32 6.2.1 Lagoon area
00:44:12 6.2.2 Lido and Pellestrina islands
00:44:41 6.2.3 Mainland
00:45:54 6.3 Trains
00:47:04 6.4 Ports
00:47:59 6.5 Airports
00:49:30 7 Sport
00:50:58 8 Education
00:52:07 9 Demographics
00:55:33 10 Culture
00:55:42 10.1 Literature
00:58:22 10.1.1 In literature and adapted works
00:59:38 10.2 Art and printing
01:02:06 10.3 Venetian gothic architecture
01:02:41 10.4 Rococo architectural style
01:04:21 10.5 Glass
01:05:47 10.6 Cinema, media, and popular culture
01:06:12 10.7 Festivals
01:07:36 10.7.1 In films
01:09:19 10.8 Music
01:10:47 10.8.1 The orchestra
01:11:04 10.8.2 In popular music
01:11:22 10.8.3 In video games
01:12:07 10.9 Photography
01:12:45 10.10 Cuisine
01:14:23 10.11 Fashion and shopping
01:15:54 11 Notable people
01:23:32 12 International relations
01:24:11 12.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:24:40 12.2 Cooperation agreements
01:25:12 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Venice (, VEN-iss; Italian: Venezia [veˈnɛttsja] (listen); Venetian: Venesia, Venexia [veˈnɛsja]) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
It is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave rivers (more exactly between the Brenta and the Sile). Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork. The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.In 2018, 260,897 people resided in Comune di Venezia, of whom around 55,000 live in the historical city of Venice (Centro storico). Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE), with a total population of 2.6 million. PATREVE is only a statistical metropolitan area.The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC. The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice. Venice has been known as the La Dominante, Serenissima, Queen of the Adriatic, City of Water, City of Masks, City of Bridges, The Floating City, and City of Canals.
The 697-1797 Republic of Venice was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as a very important center of commerce (especially silk, grain, and spice) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century. The city-state of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial center which gradually emerged from the 9th century to its peak in the 14th century. This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history.It is also known for its several important artistic movements, especially the Renaissance period. After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna, the Republic was annexed by the Austrian Empire, until it became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, following a referendum held as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence. Venice has played an important role in the history of symphonic and operatic music, and it is the birthplace of Antonio Vivaldi. Venice has been ranked the most beautiful city in the world as of 2016. The city is facing some major challenges, however, including financial diffi ...
Venice | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Venice
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Venice (, VEN-iss; Italian: Venezia [veˈnɛttsja] (listen); Venetian: Venesia, Venexia [veˈnɛsja]) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
It is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave rivers (more exactly between the Brenta and the Sile). Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork. The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.In 2018, 260,897 people resided in Comune di Venezia, of whom around 55,000 live in the historic city of Venice (Centro storico). Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE), with a total population of 2.6 million. PATREVE is only a statistical metropolitan area.The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC. The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice. Venice has been known as the La Dominante, Serenissima, Queen of the Adriatic, City of Water, City of Masks, City of Bridges, The Floating City, and City of Canals.
The Republic of Venice was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as a very important center of commerce (especially silk, grain, and spice) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century. The city-state of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial center which gradually emerged from the 9th century to its peak in the 14th century. This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history.It is also known for its several important artistic movements, especially the Renaissance period. After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna, the Republic was annexed by the Austrian Empire, until it became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, following a referendum held as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence. Venice has played an important role in the history of symphonic and operatic music, and it is the birthplace of Antonio Vivaldi. Venice has been ranked the most beautiful city in the world as of 2016. The city is facing some major challenges, however, including financial difficulties, erosion, pollution, subsidence, an excessive number of tourists in peak periods and problems caused by oversized cruise ships sailing close to the banks of the historical city.
Nantes | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nantes
00:02:22 1 Etymology
00:04:01 1.1 Modern pronunciation and nicknames
00:05:01 2 History
00:05:09 2.1 Prehistory and antiquity
00:07:19 2.2 Middle Ages
00:10:02 2.3 Modern era
00:13:03 2.4 French Revolution
00:15:21 2.5 Industries
00:18:05 2.6 Land reclamation
00:21:19 3 Geography
00:21:28 3.1 Location
00:22:44 3.2 Hydrology
00:24:30 3.3 Geology
00:25:52 3.4 Climate
00:26:55 3.5 Urban layout
00:29:40 3.6 Parks and environment
00:30:56 4 Governance
00:31:05 4.1 Local government
00:33:49 4.2 Heraldry
00:35:28 4.3 Nantes and Brittany
00:38:15 4.4 Twinning
00:39:20 5 Demographics
00:42:33 5.1 Ethnicity, religions and languages
00:45:38 6 Economy
00:49:36 7 Architecture
00:54:32 8 Culture
00:54:40 8.1 Museums
00:56:46 8.2 Venues
00:58:22 8.3 Events and festivals
01:00:55 8.4 In the arts
01:03:39 8.5 Cuisine
01:05:23 9 Education
01:07:21 10 Sport
01:09:34 11 Transport
01:13:27 11.1 Nantes Public Transportation Statistics
01:14:06 12 Media
01:16:41 13 Notable residents
01:17:55 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Nantes ([nɑ̃t] (listen)) (Gallo: Naunnt or Nantt (pronounced [nɑ̃t] or [nɑ̃ːt]); Breton: Naoned (pronounced [ˈnɑ̃wnət])) is a city in Loire-Atlantique on the Loire, 50 km (31 mi) from the Atlantic coast. The city is the sixth-largest in France, with a population of 303,382 in Nantes and a metropolitan area of nearly 950,000 inhabitants. With Saint-Nazaire, a seaport on the Loire estuary, Nantes forms the main north-western French metropolis.
It is the administrative seat of the Loire-Atlantique department and the Pays de la Loire région, one of 18 regions of France. Nantes belongs historically and culturally to Brittany, a former duchy and province, and its omission from the modern administrative region of Brittany is controversial.
Nantes was identified during classical antiquity as a port on the Loire. It was the seat of a bishopric at the end of the Roman era before it was conquered by the Bretons in 851. Although Nantes was the primary residence of the 15th-century dukes of Brittany, Rennes became the provincial capital after the 1532 union of Brittany and France. During the 17th century, after the establishment of the French colonial empire, Nantes gradually became the largest port in France and was responsible for nearly half of the 18th-century French Atlantic slave trade. The French Revolution resulted in an economic decline, but Nantes developed robust industries after 1850 (chiefly in shipbuilding and food processing). Deindustrialisation in the second half of the 20th century spurred the city to adopt a service economy.
In 2012, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked Nantes as a Gamma world city. It is the fourth-highest-ranking city in France, after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The Gamma category includes cities such as Algiers, Orlando, Porto, Turin and Leipzig. Nantes has been praised for its quality of life, and it received the European Green Capital Award in 2013. The European Commission noted the city's efforts to reduce air pollution and CO2 emissions, its high-quality and well-managed public transport system and its biodiversity, with 3,366 hectares (8,320 acres) of green space and several protected Natura 2000 areas.
Venice | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:57 1 Etymology
00:04:27 2 History
00:04:35 2.1 Origins
00:10:32 2.2 Expansion
00:17:10 2.3 Decline
00:19:05 2.4 Modern age
00:21:18 2.5 Subsidence
00:21:37 2.5.1 Foundations
00:22:36 2.5.2 History
00:25:52 3 Geography
00:26:00 3.1 Sestieri
00:27:41 3.2 Climate
00:28:21 4 Government
00:31:15 5 Economy
00:34:40 5.1 Tourism
00:37:28 5.1.1 Minimising the effects of tourism
00:42:00 5.2 Foreign words of Venetian origin
00:42:39 6 Transportation
00:42:48 6.1 In the historic centre
00:45:00 6.1.1 Waterways
00:45:55 6.2 Public transport
00:46:14 6.2.1 Lagoon area
00:46:55 6.2.2 Lido and Pellestrina islands
00:47:25 6.2.3 Mainland
00:48:41 6.3 Trains
00:49:53 6.4 Ports
00:50:49 6.5 Airports
00:52:23 7 Sport
00:53:54 8 Education
00:55:04 9 Demographics
00:58:37 10 Culture
00:58:46 10.1 Literature
01:01:32 10.1.1 In literature and adapted works
01:02:50 10.2 Art and printing
01:05:25 10.3 Venetian architecture
01:07:00 10.4 Rococo style
01:08:35 10.5 Glass
01:10:05 10.6 Cinema, media, and popular culture
01:10:30 10.7 Festivals
01:11:58 10.7.1 In films
01:13:48 10.8 Music
01:15:18 10.8.1 The orchestra
01:15:37 10.8.2 In popular music
01:15:55 10.8.3 In video games
01:16:52 10.9 Photography
01:17:30 10.10 Cuisine
01:19:12 10.11 Fashion and shopping
01:20:46 11 Notable people
01:28:28 12 International relations
01:29:08 12.1 Twin towns and sister cities
01:29:40 12.2 Cooperation agreements
01:30:13 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9824804618800687
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Venice (, VEN-iss; Italian: Venezia [veˈnɛttsja] (listen); Venetian: Venesia, Venexia [veˈnɛsja]) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
It is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave rivers (more exactly between the Brenta and the Sile). Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork. The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.In 2018, 260,897 people resided in Comune di Venezia, of whom around 55,000 live in the historical city of Venice (Centro storico). Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE), which is considered a statistical metropolitan area, with a total population of 2.6 million.The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC. The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice. Venice has been known as the La Dominante, Serenissima, Queen of the Adriatic, City of Water, City of Masks, City of Bridges, The Floating City, and City of Canals.
The 697–1797 Republic of Venice was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as a very important center of commerce (especially silk, grain, and spice) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century. The city-state of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial center, emerging in the 9th century and reaching its greatest prominence in the 14th century. This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history.It is also known for its several important artistic movements, especially the Renaissance period. After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna, the Republic was annexed by the Austrian Empire, until it became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, following a referendum held as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence. Venice has played an important role in the history of symphonic and operatic music, and it is t ...
World War I | Wikipedia audio article
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World War I
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SUMMARY
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World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars, it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a direct result of the war, and it also contributed to later genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic, which caused between 50 and 100 million deaths worldwide. Military losses were exacerbated by new technological and industrial developments and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political changes, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923, in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of World War II about twenty years later.On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, leading to the July Crisis. In response, on 23 July Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians, and the two moved to a war footing.
A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe. By 1914, the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions: the Triple Entente—consisting of France, Russia and Britain—and the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy (the Triple Alliance was primarily defensive in nature, allowing Italy to stay out of the war in 1914). Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia, on 25 July issuing orders for the 'period preparatory to war', and after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade on the 28th, partial mobilisation was approved of the military districts nearest to Austria. General Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July; on the 31st, Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same, while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within 12 hours. When Russia failed to comply, Germany declared war on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary, with Austria-Hungary following suit on 6th; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August.German strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia was to concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France within four weeks, then shift forces to the East before Russia could fully mobilise; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan. On 2 August, Germany demanded free passage through Belgium, an essential element in achieving a quick victory over France. When this was refused, German forces entered Belgium early on the morning of 3 August and declared war with France the same day; the Belgian government invoked the 1839 Treaty of London and in compliance with its obligations under this, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August. On 12 August, Britain and France also declared war on Austria-Hungary; on the 23rd, Japan sided with the Entente, seizing the opportunity to expand its sphere of influence by capturing German possessions in China and the Pacific. The war was fought in and drew upon each powers' colonial empires as well, spreading the conflict across the globe. The Entente and its allies would eventually become known as the Allied Powers, while the grouping of Austria-Hungary and Germany would become known as the Central Powers.
The German advance into France was halted at the Battle of the Marne and by the end of 1914, the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, marked by a long series of trench lines that changed little until 1917. The Eastern Front was marked by much greater exchanges of territory, but though Serbia was defeated in 1915, and Rom ...