Чигирин. Резиденция Богдана Хмельницкого.
Видео на тему : «Где можно дешево отдохнуть в Украине!»
Чигири́н (укр. Чигири́н) — город в Черкасской области Украины, административный центр Чигиринского района.
Население — 9,3 тыс. жителей.
Город расположен на Приднепровской возвышенности по обе стороны реки #Тясмин, в 63 км от Черкасс, в 36 км от железнодорожной станции Фундуклеевка, в 8 км от пристани Адамовка. Современная экономика города представлена предприятиями лёгкой и пищевой промышленности.
Существует несколько версий происхождения названия города, год основания которого не известен. Впервые он упоминается в грамоте польского короля Сигизмунда ||| в 1589 году. Считается, что здесь было поселение Киевской Руси, которое разрушили монголо-татары. Новое поселение названо от украинского слова чагарник (куст), то есть #Чигирин — укрытый в кустах. Однако наиболее вероятной является версия о происхождении названия города от татарского имени Чигир. Кроме того, в артефактах тех времён упоминается Чигир-Батыр. Подтверждением этой версии служит притяжательный суффикс -ин в названии города.
Известен с первой половины XVI века как укреплённая казацкая зимовка. Со временем — центр Чигиринского староства, в 1592 году получил Магдебургское право. В 1638−1647 гг. чигиринским сотником реестрового казацкого войска был #Богдан #Хмельницкий В 1648−1657 гг. город был резиденцией Хмельницкого и столицей гетманской автономии — #Гетманщины (до 1676). В 1657 году здесь после смерти Хмельницкого состоялась Чигиринская рада, на которой гетманом был избран Иван Выговский — событие, положившее начало опустошительной гражданской войне и продлившее русско-польскую войну 1654−1667 гг. Во время русско-турецкой войны 1676−1681 гг. в результате второй осады турецкой армией в 1678 году разрушен: столица гетмана была перенесена в #Батурин; город пришёл в упадок.
С 1797 года — уездный город Киевской губернии.
Достопримечательности:
Музей Археологии.
Музей Богдана Хмельницкого.
#Замковая Гора с красивым парком.
#Памятник Богдану Хмельницкому.
#Резиденция Богдана Хмельницкого.
#Крепость #Батурина
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Большое спасибо за просмотры, лайки и комментарии!
Туристичними стежками. Чигирин.
Історія та сьогодення славного Чигирина.
Похід у Чигирин/Mr.Lucron
В ЦЬОМУ ВІДЕО БУДЕ МОЯ ПОДОРОЖ У ЧАРІВНЕ МІСЦЕ ЧИГИРИН.
Я В ВК
ВК ГРУПА
ИНСТАГРАМ
НА МОЙ КАНАЛ ЮТУБ
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Підписуйтесь на канал.
Ділітся з друзями.
Благотворительный велопробег. День 26-й Черкассы-Чигирин.
Велопробег от самой западной точки Украины до самой восточной.
Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic lands | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic lands
00:02:38 1 Causes
00:02:47 1.1 Economic factors
00:03:55 1.2 Political factors
00:04:41 2 Military
00:04:49 2.1 The theater of war
00:08:12 2.2 Tactics
00:10:08 3 The fate of the captives
00:10:17 3.1 On the steppe
00:12:06 3.2 In Crimea and Turkey
00:15:41 4 Resistance to the raids
00:15:51 4.1 Russia
00:16:18 4.2 Poland–Lithuania
00:17:06 5 In folk culture
00:17:49 6 Historians on the Tatar raids
00:18:34 7 List of raids
00:18:43 7.1 Outline
00:20:37 7.2 1480–1506
00:34:18 7.3 1507–1570
00:59:11 7.4 1571–1599
01:15:51 7.5 1600–1648
01:48:24 7.6 Wars 1648-1709
01:50:13 7.7 1648-1655: Khmelnitsky Uprising
02:03:20 8 1657-1663 Vyhovsky and the Poles
02:10:13 8.1 1665–1678
02:48:46 8.2 1677–1699
03:03:13 8.3 1700–1769
03:13:00 9 See also
03:13:17 10 Sources
03:13:57 11 Notes
03:14:05 12 External links
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Crimean-Nogai raids were slave raids carried out by the Khanate of Crimea and by the Nogai Horde into the region of Rus' then controlled by the Grand Duchy of Moscow (until 1547), by the Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721), by the Russian Empire (1721 onwards) and by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569). These raids began after Crimea became independent about 1441 and lasted until the peninsula came under Russian control in 1774.Their main purpose was the capture of slaves, most of whom were exported to the Ottoman slave markets in Constantinople or elsewhere in the Middle East. The raids were an important drain of the human and economic resources of eastern Europe. They largely inhabited the settlement of the Wild Fields – the steppe and forest-steppe land which extends from a hundred or so miles south of Moscow to the Black Sea and which now contains most of the Russian and Ukrainian population. The raids also played an important role in the development of the Cossacks.Estimates of the number of people involved vary: according to Alan W. Fisher the number of people deported from the Slavic lands on both sides of the border during the 14th to 17th centuries was about 3 million. Michael Khodarkhovsky estimates that 150,000 to 200,000 people were abducted from Russia in the first 50 years of the 17th century.The first major Tatar raid for slaves occurred in 1468 and was directed into Galicia. Crimean Khan Devlet I Giray even managed to burn down Moscow during the 1571 campaign. The last raid into Hungary by the Crimean Tatars took place in 1717. In 1769 a last major Tatar raid, which took place during the Russo-Turkish War, saw the capture of 20,000 slaves.
What made the wild field so forbidding were the Tatars. Year after year, their swift raiding parties swept down on the towns and villages to pillage, kill the old and frail, and drive away thousands of captives to be sold as slaves in the Crimean port of Kaffa, a city often referred to by Russians as the vampire that drinks the blood of Rus'...For example, from 1450 to 1586, eighty-six raids were recorded, and from 1600 to 1647, seventy. Although estimates of the number of captives taken in a single raid reached as high as 30,000, the average figure was closer to 3000...In Podilia alone, about one-third of all the villages were devastated or abandoned between 1578 and 1583.
Cossack Hetmanate | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:51 1 Name
00:03:38 2 History
00:03:47 2.1 Establishment
00:06:44 2.2 Moscow Protectorate
00:07:46 2.3 The Ruin
00:12:39 2.4 The time of Mazepa
00:14:16 2.5 End of the Zaporozhian Host
00:15:21 3 Culture
00:15:39 3.1 Education
00:17:48 3.2 Religion
00:19:01 4 Society
00:19:20 4.1 Nobles
00:20:51 4.2 Cossacks
00:21:31 4.3 Clergy
00:22:26 4.4 Townspeople
00:23:03 4.5 Peasants
00:24:19 5 Administrative divisions
00:25:25 5.1 List of regiments
00:27:10 6 Government
00:27:19 6.1 Leadership
00:29:38 6.2 First Little Russian Collegiate
00:31:50 6.3 Second Little Russian Collegiate
00:33:16 6.4 Foreign relations
00:33:25 6.4.1 Bohdan Khmelnytsky
00:36:28 6.4.2 Vyhovsky and Doroshenko
00:41:07 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9523269793035999
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Cossack Hetmanate (Ukrainian: Гетьманщина, Hetmanščyna), officially known as the Zaporizhian Host (Військо Запорозьке, Vijśko Zaporoźke, Latin: Exercitus Zaporoviensis), was a Cossack host in the region of Central Ukraine between 1648 and 1764 (or until 1782 according to some sources).The Hetmanate was founded by the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Uprising of 1648–57. Establishment of vassal relations with the Tsardom of Russia in the Treaty of Pereyaslav of 1654 is considered a benchmark of the Cossack Hetmanate in Soviet, Ukrainian, and Russian historiography. The second Pereyaslav Council in 1659 further restricted the independence of the Hetmanate, and from the Moscow side there were attempts to declare agreements reached with Yuri Khmelnitsky in 1659 as nothing more than the former Bohdan's agreements of 1654. The 1667 Treaty of Andrusovo – conducted without any representation from the Cossack Hetmanate – established borders between the Polish and Russian states, dividing the Hetmanate in half along the Dnieper and putting the Zaporizhian Sich under a formal joint Russian-Polish administration.
After a failed attempt to break the union with Russia by Ivan Mazepa in 1708, the whole area was included into the Government of Kiev and Cossack autonomy was severely restricted. Catherine II of Russia officially abolished the institute of the Hetman in 1764, and in 1764-1781 the Cossack Hetmanate was incorporated as the Little Russia Governorate headed by Pyotr Rumyantsev, with the last remnants of the Hetmanate's administrative system abolished in 1781.