EXPLORING ISTANBUL: Walking on the historic medieval WALLS of CONSTANTINOPLE ????️
SUBSCRIBE: - The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built.
Istanbul is a major city in Turkey that straddles Europe and Asia across the Bosphorus Strait. Its Old City reflects cultural influences of the many empires that once ruled here. In the Sultanahmet district, the open-air, Roman-era Hippodrome was for centuries the site of chariot races, and Egyptian obelisks also remain. The iconic Byzantine Hagia Sophia features a soaring 6th-century dome and rare Christian mosaics.
Turkey is a nation straddling eastern Europe and western Asia with cultural connections to ancient Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires. Cosmopolitan Istanbul, on the Bosphorus Strait, is home to the iconic Hagia Sophia, with its soaring dome and Christian mosaics, the massive 17th-century Blue Mosque and the circa-1460 Topkapı Palace, former home of sultans. Ankara is Turkey’s modern capital.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, when well-manned, they were almost impregnable for any medieval besieger, saving the city, and the Byzantine Empire with it, during sieges from the Avars, Arabs, Rus', and Bulgars, among others. The advent of gunpowder siege cannons rendered the fortifications vulnerable, but cannon technology was not sufficiently advanced to capture the city on its own, and the walls could be repaired between reloading. Ultimately the city fell from sheer weight of numbers of the Ottoman forces on 29 May 1453 after a six-week siege.
The walls were largely maintained intact during most of the Ottoman period, until sections began to be dismantled in the 19th century, as the city outgrew its medieval boundaries. Despite the subsequent lack of maintenance, many parts of the walls survived and are still standing today. A large-scale restoration program has been under way since the 1980s.
#VicStefanu
Vic Stefanu, vstefanu@yahoo.com
ISTANBUL: EXPLORING the historic BYZANTINE DEFENSIVE WALLS ???? (TURKEY)
SUBSCRIBE: - This is just a small section of the Theodosian walls and I was able to get inside during my visit in July 2013. Vic Stefanu, vstefanu@yahoo.com. The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built.
Istanbul is a major city in Turkey that straddles Europe and Asia across the Bosphorus Strait. Its Old City reflects cultural influences of the many empires that once ruled here. In the Sultanahmet district, the open-air, Roman-era Hippodrome was for centuries the site of chariot races, and Egyptian obelisks also remain. The iconic Byzantine Hagia Sophia features a soaring 6th-century dome and rare Christian mosaics.
Turkey is a nation straddling eastern Europe and western Asia with cultural connections to ancient Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires. Cosmopolitan Istanbul, on the Bosphorus Strait, is home to the iconic Hagia Sophia, with its soaring dome and Christian mosaics, the massive 17th-century Blue Mosque and the circa-1460 Topkapı Palace, former home of sultans. Ankara is Turkey’s modern capital.
#VicStefanu
9 Best Places To Visit In Ankara Turkey
9 Best Places To Visit In Ankara Turkey
Ankara Castle (Kalesi)
If spending time in museums and mosques allows you to see part of Ankara’s history and cultures, then going to Ankara Castle enables you to see the 360 degree of Ankara. Located in the district of Ulus, Ankara castle was originally built as a military defense and is now one of the most popular tourist destinations in Ankara. Unlike the castles in your old storybooks, Ankara castle is a large, dense military stronghold: it is comprised of 4 huge walls, constructing the circular area in the middle of the city, with 42 pentagonal towers running along the top.
Anıtkabir
Anıtkabir, as the mausoleum of the first and second President of the Republic of Turkey, is a beautifully designed museum which attracts not only tourists but also historians and architects every year. Anıtkabir, where the museum of Ataturk and War of Independence is located, has a wide collection of paintings and exhibitions. It is divided into four parts, one part being the Road of Lions, a long walkway where you can watch Turkish soldiers on parade. Another part is Peace Park, a large green area bursting with plant-life. There’s even a Turkish flag made entirely out of flowers! Other parts include Ceremonial Plaza and the Hall of Honor where the tomb of Ataturk, the first president, can be found. There’s a lot to remember and a lot to see, so audio guides (which are available in many languages from the visitor center) are a good idea.
Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, named as Museum of the Year in Switzerland in 1997, has a large collection of Anatolian archaeology exhibits chronologically arranged from the Paleolithic era to the present day. It acts as an introduction to the ancient history of Turkey and Ankara. You will see many housing artifacts and Hittite figures, the origins of which can be traced as
Atakule
Atakule, opened in 1989, is a communications and observation tower with a height of 410 feet. ‘Ata’ means ancestor and ‘kule’ means tower, and ‘Ataturk’ was the founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey. This historical landmark, located in Çankaya, has an open terrace allowing tourists to look out over the entire city. If you want to eat with a view, visit Sevilla, their restaurant which rotates 360 degrees in an hour, giving you panoramic views of the city without even having to leave your seat.
Çengelhan Rahmi M. Koç Museum
Çengelhan Rahmi M. Koç Museum, situated next to the Ankara Castle, is a museum which collects a wide range of exhibits about transport, industry and communications. Most of these have been generously donated by the Koç family. You will find curios and collectibles including children’s toys and old technology, and transportation collectibles including full size ships and aircraft! With many interactive exhibitions and activities, including a free train ride, this museum is perfect for children.
Gençlik Park
If you take the train to Ankara, one of the first thing you will see as you pull into the station is the ferris wheel at Gençlik Park! Gençlik Park is a public park with a difference: as well as 69 acres of greenery and water features, it houses a swimming pool, an amusement park, an open-air theater and two miniature trains! There are also over 40 kiosks in the park selling all manner of wares (make sure to try the authentic Turkish ice cream and fresh corn-on-the-cob) and every evening the main pool hosts a spectacular light show. A whole day and night of fun can be enjoyed at Gençlik Park!
Kuyumcular Çarşısı in Beypazarı
Beypazarı is an Ankaran district with a rich history and proud heritage. While it is famous for silver-work, many visitors go to the jewelry market for Turkish souvenirs. There are numerous jewelry suppliers, so there will be a lot of goods and products for you to choose from. As well as jewelry, check out handicrafts that are full of local characteristics! It is also a good opportunity to see the design of local Turkish houses around the area.
Haci Bayram Mosque
The Haci Bayram Mosque was built in 15th century, dedicated to the founder of Baryam Sufi order. Considered to be one of the most historically significant mosques in Turkey, Haci Bayram Mosque is also one of the most visited. Make sure you see the Arabic calligraphy on the walls, painted engravings on wood and various unique features of the mosque. Some do come for a religious experience, but many make the visit to appreciate the architecture and history of this great monument.
Roman Bath
Visiting the Roman Baths in Ankara is a good way to learn Roman history through little stories, statues, and inscriptions. Constructed in the third century by the Roman Emperor Caracalla, the baths were built around three principal rooms: the caldarium (hot bath), the tepidarium (warm bath) and the frigidarium (cold bath).
How Constantinople Became Istanbul, Turkey (Worldview w/ Captain Kurt)
Constantinople was the last stronghold of the Roman Empire. When it fell, it became the new capital of the Ottoman Empire: Istanbul. Throughout the years, it has become quite a tourist attraction. Even today, it’s a bridge between the East and the West. Literally. Separated by the Bosporus Strait, you can eat lunch in Asia while looking over the water into Europe.
Captain Kurt takes us on a tour of this historical city in “Worldview w/ Captain Kurt.”
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2015, Turkey, Istanbul, city walls
4K Aerial Footage Of The Walls Of Constantinople In Istanbul Turkey
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Temple of Augustus and Rome, Ulus, Ankara, Turkiye.
Temple of Augustus and Rome, also referred as Monumentum Ancyranum (Ankara Temple), is located near Haci Bayram Mosque in Ulus, Ankara. The temple which was built on behalf of Phrygian God ‘Men’ in 2nd century BC has been destroyed. The temple whose remains are present, on the other hand, was built for Roman Emperor ‘Augustus’ (Gaius Octavius) in 25 BC in the name of a commitment sign by King Pilamenes, the son of King Amintos, of Galatia. The positions of the 4 columns in the doorways and 2 columns in the rear sides are recognizable. Currently, only the sidewalls and ornamented door part are remaining. The original testament of Augustus in Temple of Rome, which is written in Latin and Greek and is telling the achievements of Augustus, is imitated in the mosque that is neighboring the wall of Monumentum Ancyranum.
Some parts of the patina are spilled because of the climatic parameters (wind, heat, precipitation, and frost). As a result of the petrographic analysis made on the spilled parts of patina, it is concluded that the temple, which has a great importance in the world history, has to be restorated. As a result of the analyses (scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, EDS, and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis), inner and outer sides of Naos are being constructed without mortar. In the parts, which are broken from the main body, calcium carbonate(CaCO3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) are detected. Besides, it is observed that the main body of the temple is mainly consisting of calcium mineral.
The temple of Augustus and Rome in Ankara is located a walking distance away from the first Grand National Assembly of Turkey building (Museum of Independence War) that the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and his companions has established; the temple is in the middle of the triangle of Anafartalar Avenue, Çankiri Avenue and Bent deresi. The Haci Bayram-i Veli Mosque, which was constructed by Islam Sufi and professor Haci Bayram Veli and his followers in 15th century, lies just near the temple. On 23 April 1920, before the inauguration of the first Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and the attendants prayed in Haci Bayram-i Veli Mosque. The hill where the people made their vows in history is crowded by hundreds of local and foreign visitors every day because of its spiritual energy.
The temple of Augustus and Rome was built as a temple in the new administrative center, Ankara (Ancyra), after the Roman invasion in Galatia Region in 25 BC. The temple was dedicated to Emperor Augustus and the local goddess of the city, ‘Roma‘. After the death of Augustus, Romans inscribed a memorial on the walls of the temple both in Latin and Greek with red colored letters. The memorial, “Res Gestae divi Augisti”, is known as ‘Ankara Memorial’ in Turkish. The inscription is an imitation of the original copy which was written by Augustus himself and was inscribed on 2 bronze columns in his mausoleum in the city of Rome. The mentioned original copy was destroyed centuries ago. The copy in Ankara Augustus Temple was preserved until now. The inscription is one of the most important documents of Roman period and it does not only present the achievements and accomplishments of Augustus, but also describes the institutional change, res publica, in the empire.
Temple of Augustus in Ankara was designed in Corinth order, its dimensions are 36 m × 54.82 m, it has a pseudo-dipteral plan and it was placed on a platform which is 2 m high. In the beginnings of 6th century, Temple of Rome was converted to a church. In the middle of 15th century, before the death of Haci Bayram-i Veli, Haci Bayram Mosque was constructed, one side of which is leaning against the temple. Having undergone changes over time, the mosque and tomb located right next to it are still the capital's most important places of worship.
SOURCE: Case Study, Ankara Temple (Monumentum Ancyranum/Temple of Augustus and Rome) restoration
Ahmet Gökdemir, Can Demirel, Yavuz Yeğin, Zeynel Şimşek
Case Studies in Construction Materials
Volume 2, June 2015, Pages 55-65
THE OLDEST CASTLE IN THE WORLD (ANKARA CASTLE)
Hello guys, I visited one of the oldest castles in the world.
Ankara Castle is, undoubtedly, one of the most interesting parts of the Turkish capital. It is seen from afar, as the citadel is perched on a hill – so you will never miss this spectacular sight. Actually, it is standing above Ulus, the oldest district of Ankara. Prestigious and prosperous in the first part of the 20th century, now it is less attractive for the tourist. However, it gives a good view of the everyday life of the Turkish people.
The exact age of the Ankara Castle is still unknown. Scientists argue about even the presumable year of its construction, but they agree on the historical fact that it was already functioning when Seljuq Turks captured it in 1073. Through years, it was enlarged and renovated bit by bit, and now it occupies almost the whole hill.
In fact, the Citadel (as people frequently call the Castle) is divided into inner and outer parts. The outer part surrounds the old Ankara. There are 42 towers along the walls which protected the old city, 14-16 meters high each. You can see them on the hill, and the view is really good for making some medieval-style photos.
When you enter the Castle from the main gate (which is near the Clock tower), first you pass by different historic buildings. Some of them are renovated and turned into popular touristic spots (cafes, souvenir shops, etc.), but the rest is still not in the best condition. Moreover, the hill is covered with small, semi-dilapidated houses where the poor citizens of Ankara still live. By strolling around you can see the life exactly like in a traditional Turkish village.
Be prepared to climb stairs. Lots of them. Actually, make sure that you are not in a hurry, as you might want to have some rest while walking up. However, the view that opens up from the castle’s walls above the city is a real reward for that long way up. Feel the fresh wind on your face and enjoy spectacular panoramas of Ankara. Yet, do not get carried away by the beauty and always be careful: there are no safety barriers on the edges of the walls, so you would want to stay away from them.
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Most Important Archaeological Sites in Turkey
Turkey is one fascinating place full of history and archaeological sites that are so unique and beautiful, that it’s almost difficult to fathom that they’re real. Here, we’ll dig deep into some of the most fascinating and breathtaking historical sites from all around the country so that we can expose you to the Most Important Archaeological Sites in Turkey!
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4. Perge
This ancient city is also known as Perga, and it was once a grand city that served as the capital of Pamphylia Secunda, which is located on what is now the southwestern Mediterranean coast of Turkey near the city of Antalya. There’s an acropolis here that dates back to the Bronze Age, and there are many large ruins located in the area that visitors can see today. The city changed hands numerous times throughout the years, but the Romans, who took control of the city in 188 B.C., built most of the structures still seen today. These include ruins of a necropolis, a gymnasium, a public square, Roman baths, churches, temples, and even a theatre which could once hold around 15,000 people. There have also been many incredible sculptures discovered here, and beginning in 2003, many priceless mosaics were located around the city. The discoveries of the mosaics have led to the city being coined “Turkey’s second Zeugma,” with Zeugma being another famous site in Turkey where incredible mosaics have been found.
3. Hattusa
Hattusa was once the great capital city of the Hittite Empire, which can be found near what is Bogazkale, Turkey today. The city is one of the greatest and most important ruins of Turkey; thus, it has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986. The site was first settled around the sixth millennium B.C., and it became a trading post for some time. That is until the area was claimed by a Hittite-speaking king, who decided that it would make the perfect location for his home, and capital for the empire. The king changed the city’s name from Hattush to Hattusa, and he, himself, adopted the name Hattusili. At the height of the city, it covered nearly 0.7 square miles, and great walls surrounded it. There was an inner city and an outer city, both of which served different purposes, and many different types of structures and historical features can be seen in each today. The Hittite state and the city were destroyed around the same time as the Bronze Age collapsed—around 1200 B.C. The city was discovered in 1834 by Charles Texier, a French archaeologist, and one of the most important discoveries made there, the Bogazkoy Archive, shed much information on the lifestyle, laws, and thinking of the times.
2. Ephesus
This ancient Greek city was built on what was once the capital of Arzawa, a political entity, and a region located just 1.8 miles from what is now Selcuk in Turkey’s Izmir Province today. Ionian and Attic Greek colonists built the city during the 10th century B.C., and at one point was part of the Ionian League. Once the Roman Republic took control of Ephesus in 129 B.C., the city really flourished, and it gained a decent amount of fame from being so close to one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Temple of Artemis. Ephesus could have been where the Gospel of John was written, as it was one of the seven churches of Asia named in the Book of Revelation. It very recently became a UNESCO World Heritage Site—in 2015—and it’s the most complete Greco-Roman classical city on the planet as of now. Some of the main sites at Ephesus are the Temple of Artemis, the Library of Celsus, a theater with a seating capacity of 25,000, two agoras, a few bathhouses, and several temples.
1...
Xanthos, Turkey
Video with images of Xanthos a city in ancient Lycia. The city experienced a prosperous period when it was a part of the Roman empire. The Romans built a road in the acropolis with stores at both sides.
In the second century AD the Romans built a theatre. The upper part of the auditorium has disappeared. The stones were used for the construction of a defensive wall. A small part of the stage wall has survived the centuries following its construction. Once the wall had two storeys who were decorated with columns.
Near the Roman theatre are two pillar tombs from the Lycian period. One of them is the Harpy Tomb which dates to the fifth century BC. The tomb is topped with a marble chamber which was decorated with marble panels carved in bas-relief. It may be the tomb of Kybernis a king of Xanthos. The other tomb was built in the fourth century BC. It has a chamber in the form of a wooden house and a roof with pointed arch.
Turkey History from 1453 to 1995 (A documentary in Urdu) from Sultan mohammad fateh to nazmuddin
Turkey History from 1453 to 1995 (A documentary in Urdu) from Sultan mohammad fateh to nazmuddin
Ottoman Empire[edit]
Mehmed II enters Constantinople by Fausto Zonaro
Main article: Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman beylik's first capital was located in Bursa in 1326. Edirne which was conquered in 1361[37] was the next capital city. After largely expanding to Europe and Anatolia, in 1453, the Ottomans nearly completed the conquest of the Byzantine Empire by capturing its capital, Constantinople during the reign of Mehmed II. Constantinople was made the capital city of the Empire following Edirne. The Ottoman Empire would continue to expand into the Eastern Anatolia, Central Europe, the Caucasus, North and East Africa, the islands in the Mediterranean, Greater Syria, Mesopotamia, and the Arabian peninsula in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries.
The sultan of the golden age, Suleiman the Magnificent.
The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.[38] In addition, the Ottomans were often at war with Persia over territorial disputes. At sea, the empire contended with the Holy Leagues, composed of Habsburg Spain, the Republic of Venice and the Knights of St. John, for control of the Mediterranean. In the Indian Ocean, the Ottoman navy frequently confronted Portuguese fleets in order to defend its traditional monopoly over the maritime trade routes between East Asia and Western Europe; these routes faced new competition with the Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488.
Republic of Turkey[edit]
Main article: History of the Republic of Turkey
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938)
The occupation of some parts of the country by the Allies in the aftermath of World War I prompted the establishment of the Turkish national movement.[38] Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, a military commander who had distinguished himself during the Battle of Gallipoli, the Turkish War of Independence was waged with the aim of revoking the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres.[42] By September 18, 1922, the occupying armies were expelled. On November 1, the newly founded parliament formally abolished the Sultanate, thus ending 623 years of Ottoman rule. The Treaty of Lausanne of July 24, 1923, led to the international recognition of the sovereignty of the newly formed Republic of Turkey as the successor state of the Ottoman Empire, and the republic was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923, in the new capital of Ankara.[38] Mustafa Kemal became the republic's first President of Turkey and subsequently introduced many radical reforms with the aim of founding a new secular republic from the remnants of its Ottoman past.[38] The Ottoman fez was abolished, full rights for women politically were established, and new writing system for Turkish based upon the Latin alphabet was created.[43] According to the Law on Family Names, the Turkish parliament presented Mustafa Kemal with the honorific surname Atatürk (Father of the Turks) in 1934.[42]
Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943.
Turkey was neutral in World War II (1939–45) but signed a treaty with Britain in October 1939 that said Britain would defend Turkey if Germany attacked it. An invasion was threatened in 1941 but did not happen and Ankara refused German requests to allow troops to cross its borders into Syria or the USSR. Germany had been its largest trading partner before the war, and Turkey continued to do business with both sides. It purchased arms from both sides. The Allies tried to stop German purchases of chrome (used in making better steel). Starting in 1942 the Allies provided military aid. The Turkish leaders conferred with Roosevelt and Churchill at the Cairo Conference in November, 1943, and promised to enter the war. By August 1944, with Germany nearing defeat, Turkey broke off relations. In February 1945, it declared war on Germany and Japan, a symbolic move that allowed Turkey to join the nascent United Nations.[44][45]
TURKEY: IZMIR (ΣΜΥΡΝΗ) & the Historic KADIFEKALE CASTLE, built by ALEXANDER THE GREAT ????
SUBSCRIBE: - Let's go visit the beautiful and very historic Kadifekale Castle which lies on a mountain in the center of the city of Izmir in Turkey. The summit where the castle is found is located at a distance of about 2 km from the shoreline and commands a general view of a large part of the city of İzmir, as well as of the Gulf of İzmir.
The first recorded defensive walls built here was the work of Lysimachos, a successor (diadochus) of Alexander the Great. The construction of the fort was associated with Alexander's re-foundation of Smyrna, moving it from Old Smyrna on a mound in the southeastern corner of the inner gulf where only a few thousand people could be accommodated. This move for the location of a new and larger city gained fame in a legend told by Pausanias, according to which Alexander, during a rest after hunting under a plane tree near the sanctuary on the hill of the two Nemeseis worshipped by the Smyrneans, was approached during his sleep by the goddesses who bade him found a city on that very spot, transferring to it the inhabitants of the earlier site.
Izmir is a city on Turkey’s Aegean coast. Known as Smyrna in antiquity, it was founded by the Greeks, taken over by the Romans and rebuilt by Alexander the Great before becoming part of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. Today, its expansive archaeological sites include the Roman Agora of Smyrna, now an open-air museum. The hilltop Kadifekale, or Velvet Castle, built during Alexander’s reign, overlooks the city.
Turkey is a nation straddling eastern Europe and western Asia with cultural connections to ancient Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires. Cosmopolitan Istanbul, on the Bosphorus Strait, is home to the iconic Hagia Sophia, with its soaring dome and Christian mosaics, the massive 17th-century Blue Mosque and the circa-1460 Topkapı Palace, former home of sultans. Ankara is Turkey’s modern capital.
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Vic Stefanu, vstefanu@yahoo.com.
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Türk Hamamındaki Roma İzleri (Roman Fragments of Turkish Bath)
Please click on show more for English part
(TR) II. Bayezid Hamamı, 16. yüzyıla ait bir Osmanlı eseridir ve yapımında Roma dönemine ait Theodosius Sütunu'nun parçaları kullanılmıştır. Bugün müze olarak hizmet vermekte.
Ben Kimim? Kokartlı Rehber. IstabuLove ve The Hidden Face of Istanbul sayfalarının yöneticisi.
(ENG) Bayezid II Turkish Bath is an Ottoman structure which was built in 16th century and has spolia from the Column of Theodosius, a Roman structure. The Bath is a museum today.
Who am I? Licenced guide from Istanbul. I manage IstanbuLove and The Hidden Face of Istanbul.
The Hidden Face of Istanbul
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POPE FRANCIS MEETS TURKISH PRESIDENT IN ANKARA
Pope Francis makes statement with Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan. To License This Clip, Click Here:
Ephesus Ancient City - Turkey
Ephesus was the second largest city in Roman times and the ruins of the city shows its glory. The harbor of the city was the busiest in the world and the streets were marble and lighted.
ANKARA PROMOTIONAL FILM
Ankara
Area: 30.715 km²
Population: 4.007.860 (2000)
The history of Ankara and its surroundings stretches back to the Hatti civilisation of the Bronze Age. Two thousand years before the Jesus, the Hittites become the dominant power of the region, and were then followed by the Phyrgians, Lydians and Persians. In the 3rd Century BC, a Celtic race known as the Galatians made Ankara their capital city. The name Ankara comes from the word 'Ancyra', which means 'anchor.'
Ankara gained prominence under the leadership of Ataturk during the national resistence which followed World War I. It was declared the capital of the new Turkish Republic on October 13th 1923 when the National War of Independence freed Turkey from foreign occupation.
Occupying one of the most prominent parts of the city is Anitkabir, the magnificent mausoleum constructed to commemorate Atatürk. This structure, which was completed in 1953, is a synthesis of antique and modern architectural themes, and proves the elegance and strength of Turkish architecture.
The oldest parts of the city surround the Castle. The Alaaddin Mosque found inside its walls is still one of the best examples of Selcuk art and wood craftsmanship, in spite of the fact that it was restored by the Ottomans. The area has experienced a rejuvenation with the restoration of many interesting old Turkish houses, and the opening a several art galleries and fine restaurants which feature examples of traditional Turkish cuisine. Near the gate of the castle is the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, which is a beautifully restored portion of the old bazaar. It contains priceless artifacts belonging to the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras as well as the Hatti, Hittite, Phrygian, Urartu and Roman civilizations.
Ankara has a vibrant cultural and artistic life with many select ballet, theatre, opera and folk dance performances. The city's Philharmonic Orchestra, which always plays to a packed house, is especially famous.
TURKEY PROTESTS (JUNE 2013) - Pink Floyd, Another Brick in the Wall
For the memory of the people who have resisted in all over Turkey against the authoritarian government and police brutality. Starting from Gezi Park, Taksim, in all Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, Hatay, Eskisehir, Kocaeli and wherever the human dignity existed. Nothing will be forgotten, nothing will be the same.
Erdogan in Rome: Kurdish protesters clash with police during visit
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Security tight at Ankara airport for arrival of Pope Francis
Pope Francis will land in Ankara on Friday late morning when he will be met by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
During his three-day visit to Turkey, the Pope also plans to meet the head of the Orthodox Christian church, Patriarch Bartholomew I, in Istanbul, where they are expected to sign a joint declaration.
This is the fourth visit a pope has paid to Turkey: Paul VI, John Paul II and Benedict XVI have also travelled to the Muslim-majority country.
Francis' trip, though, comes at a sensitive time in the region.
There are new Muslim-Christian tensions in Turkey and war next door, with Islamic State militants seizing chunks of Iraq and Syria, sending 1.6 million refugees across the border into Turkey.
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Turkey: Concrete barricades inserted into Diyarbakir's ancient walls
Turkish authorities inserted concrete barricades in and around Diyarbakir’s historic walls in a bid to protect them from the devastation caused by the ongoing fighting in the city, Wednesday.
Diyarbakir has been the centre of a large-scale military operation by Turkish security forces against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in south-eastern Turkey, which began on December 14. The military operation involved the imposition of curfews on cities with large Kurdish populations, aerial bombing, and mass detention in areas of unrest.
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