The Zwinger, Dresden, Saxony, Germany - 26th February, 2014
The Zwinger (Der Dresdner Zwinger) is a palace in Dresden, eastern Germany, built in Rococo style and designed by court architect Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann. It served as the orangery, exhibition gallery and festival arena of the Dresden Court.
The location was formerly part of the Dresden fortress of which the outer wall is conserved. The name derives from the German word Zwinger (outer ward of a concentric castle); it was for the cannons that were placed between the outer wall and the major wall. The Zwinger was not enclosed until the Neoclassical building by Gottfried Semper called the Semper Gallery was built on its northern side.
Today, the Zwinger is a museum complex that contains the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (Old Masters Picture Gallery), the Dresden Porcelain Collection (Porzellansammlung) and the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon (Royal Cabinet of Mathematical and Physical Instruments).
This film features views mostly of and from the walls of the Zwinger with many ornately decorated sandstone sculptures evident, as well as the internal courtyard. This is one of Dresden's most popular visitor attractions.
Places to see in ( Dresden - Germany ) Zwinger
Places to see in ( Dresden - Germany ) Zwinger
The Zwinger is a palace in the German city of Dresden, built in Baroque style and designed by court architect Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann. It served as the orangery, exhibition gallery and festival arena of the Dresden Court.
The location was formerly part of the Dresden fortress of which the outer wall is conserved. The name derives from the German word Zwinger (an enclosed killing ground in front of a castle or city gate); it was for the cannons that were placed between the outer wall and the major wall. The Zwinger was not enclosed until the Neoclassical building by Gottfried Semper called the Semper Gallery was built on its northern side.
Today, the Zwinger is a museum complex that contains the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (Old Masters Picture Gallery), the Dresden Porcelain Collection (Dresdener Porzellansammlung) and the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon (Royal Cabinet of Mathematical and Physical Instruments).
The Zwinger covers an area on the northwestern edge of the Innere Altstadt (inner old town) that is part of the historic heart of Dresden. It is located in the immediate vicinity of other famous sights, including Dresden Castle and the Semperoper. The Zwinger is bounded by Sophienstraße in the southeast, Postplatz in the south, Ostra-Allee in the southwest, the Am Zwingerteich road in the northwest and Theatre Square (Theaterplatz) in the east. Nearby buildings include the Dresden State Theatre to the southwest, the Haus am Zwinger to the south, the Taschenbergpalais hotel to the southeast, the west wing of the palace with its Green Vault to the east, the Altstädtische Hauptwache to the northeast, the Semper Opera to the north and the former royal stables to the northwest. Within view lie the Catholic Court Church and the Italian Village in Theatre Square, the Wilsdruffer Kubus on Postplatz and The Duchess Garden with the remnants of the former orangery building in the west. The terraced banks of the Elbe river are located 200 metres northeast of the Zwinger.
The name Zwinger goes back to the common medieval German term for that part of a fortification between the outer and inner defensive walls, or outer ward. Archaeological evidence indicates that the construction of the first city wall took place in the last quarter of the 12th century. A documentary entry as civitas in 1216 points to the existence of an enclosed Dresden Fortification at that time. In 1427, during the Hussite Wars, work began on strengthening the city's defences and they were enhanced by a second - outer - wall. These improvements began near the Wildruffer Tor gate. Step by step the old moat had to be filled in and moved. The area between the two walls was generally referred to as the Zwinger and, in the vicinity of the castle, was utilised by the royal court at Dresden for garden purposes. The location of the so-called Zwingergarten from that period is only imprecisely known to be between the fortifications on the western side of the city Its extent varied in places as a result of subsequent improvements to the fortifications and is depicted differently on the various maps.
Augustus the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, returned from a grand tour through France and Italy in 1687–89, just at the moment that Louis XIV moved his court to Versailles. On his return to Dresden, having arranged his election as King of Poland (1697), he wanted something similarly spectacular for himself. The fortifications were no longer needed and provided readily available space for his plans. The original plans, as developed by his court architect Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann before 1711, covered the space of the present complex of palace and garden, and also included as gardens the space down to the Elbe river, upon which the Semperoper and its square were built in the nineteenth century.
( Dresden - Germany ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting Dresden . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Dresden - Germany
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Dresden. Altstadt. Zwinger. (Sachsen, Germany)
The Zwinger (German: Dresdner Zwinger, IPA: [ˈdʁeːzdnɐ ˈt͡svɪŋɐ]) is a palace in the German city of Dresden, built in Baroque style and designed by court architect Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann. It served as the orangery, exhibition gallery and festival arena of the Dresden Court.
The location was formerly part of the Dresden fortress of which the outer wall is conserved. The name derives from the German word Zwinger (an enclosed killing ground in front of a castle or city gate); it was for the cannons that were placed between the outer wall and the major wall. The Zwinger was not enclosed until the Neoclassical building by Gottfried Semper called the Semper Gallery was built on its northern side.
Today, the Zwinger is a museum complex that contains the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (Old Masters Picture Gallery), the Dresden Porcelain Collection (Dresdener Porzellansammlung) and the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon (Royal Cabinet of Mathematical and Physical Instruments).
The Zwinger covers an area on the northwestern edge of the Innere Altstadt (inner old town) that is part of the historic heart of Dresden. It is located in the immediate vicinity of other famous sights, including Dresden Castle and the Semperoper. The Zwinger is bounded by Sophienstraße in the southeast, Postplatz in the south, Ostra-Allee in the southwest, the Am Zwingerteich road in the northwest and Theatre Square (Theaterplatz) in the east. Nearby buildings include the Dresden State Theatre to the southwest, the Haus am Zwinger to the south, the Taschenbergpalais hotel to the southeast, the west wing of the palace with its Green Vault to the east, the Altstädtische Hauptwache to the northeast, the Semper Opera to the north and the former royal stables to the northwest. Within view lie the Catholic Court Church and the Italian Village in Theatre Square, the Wilsdruffer Kubus on Postplatz and The Duchess Garden with the remnants of the former orangery building in the west. The terraced banks of the Elbe river are located 200 metres northeast of the Zwinger.
The name Zwinger goes back to the common medieval German term for that part of a fortification between the outer and inner defensive walls, or outer ward. Archaeological evidence indicates that the construction of the first city wall took place in the last quarter of the 12th century. A documentary entry as civitas in 1216 points to the existence of an enclosed Dresden Fortification at that time. In 1427, during the Hussite Wars, work began on strengthening the city's defences and they were enhanced by a second - outer - wall. These improvements began near the Wildruffer Tor gate. Step by step the old moat had to be filled in and moved. The area between the two walls was generally referred to as the Zwinger and, in the vicinity of the castle, was utilised by the royal court at Dresden for garden purposes. The location of the so-called Zwingergarten from that period is only imprecisely known to be between the fortifications on the western side of the city. Its extent varied in places as a result of subsequent improvements to the fortifications and is depicted differently on the various maps.
This royal Zwingergarten, a garden used to supply the court, still fulfilled one of its functions, as indicated by the name, as a narrow defensive area between the outer and inner defensive walls. This was no longer the case when work on the present-day Zwinger palace began in the early 18th century, nevertheless the name was transferred to the new building. Admittedly the southwestern parts of the building of the baroque Dresden Zwinger including the Kronentor gate stand on parts of the outer curtain wall that are still visible today; but there is no longer any trace of the inner wall.
Until well into the 16th century, the area of the present-day Zwinger complex was still outside the city fortifications. Close by ran an old stretch of the Weißeritz river that no longer exists, which emptied into the Elbe by the Old Castle. In 1569, major work began on redevelopment and new buildings by the fortifications west of the castle based on plans by master builder, Rochus Quirin, Count of Lynar, who came from Florence. The embankments needed in the area of the river confluence proved to be a major challenge. In spring 1570 the Weißeritz caused severe flood damage at an embankment, which hampered the building project for a short time. Then, in 1572, the rebuilding work by the fortifications came to a temporary halt.
Location:
Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:41 1 History
00:01:22 2 Library of the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon
00:02:03 3 Collection
00:02:44 4 Today's presentation
00:03:25 5 References and notes
00:03:45 6 External links
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Speaking Rate: 0.9362518619885121
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon (German: [mateˈmaːtɪʃ fyziˈkaːlɪʃɐ zaˈloːn], Royal Cabinet of Mathematical and Physical Instruments) in Dresden, Germany, is a museum of historic clocks and scientific instruments. Its holdings include terrestrial and celestial globes, astronomical, optical and geodetic devices dating back to the 16th century, as well as historic instruments for calculating and drawing length, mass, temperature and air pressure.
The Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon is part of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden (State Art Collections). It is located in the Zwinger.
History of Germany | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:06:46 1 Prehistory
00:08:00 2 Germanic tribes, 750 BC – 768 AD
00:08:13 2.1 Migration and conquest
00:11:16 2.2 Stem Duchies and Marches
00:12:56 2.3 Frankish Empire
00:16:44 3 Middle Ages
00:16:52 3.1 Foundation of the Holy Roman Empire
00:18:17 3.2 Otto the Great
00:20:54 3.3 Hanseatic League
00:21:36 3.4 Eastward expansion
00:22:10 3.5 Church and state
00:26:25 3.6 Change and reform
00:28:11 3.7 Towns and cities
00:30:00 3.8 Women
00:31:15 3.9 Science and culture
00:32:56 4 Early modern Germany
00:33:11 4.1 Reformation
00:35:56 4.2 Thirty Years War, 1618–1648
00:37:55 4.3 Culture and literacy
00:39:54 4.4 Science
00:40:53 5 1648–1815
00:41:58 5.1 Wars
00:44:14 5.2 Smaller states
00:46:45 5.3 Nobility
00:47:38 5.4 Peasants and rural life
00:50:59 5.5 Bourgeois values spread to rural Germany
00:52:39 5.6 Enlightenment
00:55:39 5.6.1 Women
00:56:50 5.7 French Revolution, 1789–1815
01:00:44 6 1815–1867
01:00:55 6.1 Overview
01:01:53 6.2 German Confederation
01:02:50 6.3 Society and economy
01:02:59 6.3.1 Population
01:04:19 6.3.2 Industrialization
01:05:54 6.3.3 Urbanization
01:07:00 6.3.4 Railways
01:08:46 6.3.5 Newspapers and magazines
01:09:51 6.3.6 Science and culture
01:12:27 6.3.7 Religion
01:15:35 6.4 Politics of restoration and revolution
01:15:45 6.4.1 After Napoleon
01:17:43 6.4.2 1848
01:18:32 6.4.3 1850s
01:19:12 6.4.4 Bismarck takes charge, 1862–1866
01:21:13 6.4.5 North German Federation, 1866–1871
01:21:54 7 German Empire, 1871–1918
01:22:06 7.1 Overview
01:23:53 7.2 Age of Bismarck
01:24:01 7.2.1 The new empire
01:27:33 7.2.2 Classes
01:27:41 7.2.2.1 Aristocracy
01:29:50 7.2.2.2 Middle class
01:30:35 7.2.2.3 Working class
01:31:52 7.2.3 Kulturkampf
01:34:14 7.2.4 Foreign policy
01:37:06 7.3 Wilhelminian Era
01:37:14 7.3.1 Wilhelm II.
01:38:08 7.3.2 Alliances and diplomacy
01:41:05 7.3.3 Economy
01:43:20 7.3.4 Women
01:44:33 7.3.5 Colonies
01:45:24 7.4 World War I
01:45:33 7.4.1 Causes
01:47:13 7.4.2 Western Front
01:48:17 7.4.3 Eastern Front
01:49:13 7.4.4 1918
01:50:01 7.5 Homefront
01:51:17 7.6 Revolution 1918
01:54:40 8 Weimar Republic, 1919–1933
01:54:52 8.1 Overview
01:56:08 8.2 The early years
01:59:27 8.3 Reparations
02:00:47 8.4 Economic collapse and political problems, 1929–1933
02:02:58 8.5 Science and culture
02:04:48 9 Nazi Germany, 1933–1945
02:06:25 9.1 Establishment of the Nazi regime
02:10:20 9.2 Antisemitism and the Holocaust
02:12:30 9.3 Military
02:13:23 9.4 Women
02:15:27 9.5 Foreign policy
02:18:01 9.6 World War II
02:20:34 10 Germany during the Cold War, 1945–1990
02:21:45 10.1 Post-war chaos
02:26:02 10.2 East Germany
02:30:08 10.3 West Germany (Bonn Republic)
02:31:10 10.3.1 Economic miracle
02:32:28 10.3.2 1948 currency reform
02:34:38 10.3.3 Adenauer
02:35:34 10.3.4 Erhard
02:37:26 10.3.5 Grand coalition
02:38:06 10.3.6 Guest workers
02:39:09 10.3.7 Brandt and Ostpolitik
02:40:33 10.3.8 Economic crisis of 1970s
02:43:13 10.4 Kohl
02:43:59 10.5 Reunification
02:45:13 11 Federal Republic of Germany, 1990–present
02:45:24 11.1 Schröder
02:46:21 11.2 Merkel
02:49:01 12 Historiography
02:49:10 12.1 Sonderweg debate
02:50:38 13 See also
02:50:47 14 Notes
02:50:55 14.1 Footnotes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9630936642269607
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered. The victory of the Germanic tribes in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) prevented annexation by the Roman Empire, although the Roman provinces of Germania Superior and Germania Inferior were established along the Rhine. Following the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Franks conqu ...
Diary of a U-boat Commander by Stephen King-Hall | Audiobooks Youtube Free
Captain Karl von Schenk of the Kaiser's Navy is a stereotypical German nobleman - supremely self-confident, touchy about the divisions of class and any infringement on his place. He thinks he is handsome, has a suitably manly physique, an excellent singing voice, and a facility with writing. His wartime service related in his diary is a series of triumphs over harrowing circumstances, bringing his boat back in spite of the best efforts of the Royal Navy to stop him.
His one vulnerability is a young lady he meets on leave in Bruges, Belgium. Although she is the trophy girlfriend of a German colonel who could cause him much harm if he were to find out, von Schenk pursues his Zoe with Teutonic straightforwardness. And both he and the reader are entirely blind-sided by the unexpected thunderclap that puts an end to the sweet affair.
Stephen King-Hall, a Royal Navy officer during the war and writing as Etienne, penned this book as if he had simply discovered it on a surrendered submarine. In fact, some editions of the book list the author as anonymous. King-Hall's knowlege of naval affairs lend authority to this yarn of men that go to the sea in ships that sink... on purpose. (Summary by Mark F. Smith)
Diary of a U-boat Commander
Stephen KING-HALL
Genre(s): War & Military Fiction