St.Mark's Florida sunsets lighthouses and pure beauty
Originally known as San Marcos de Apalache, this town was founded by the Spanish in the 17th century in what was then Spanish Florida. A long time has passed since St. Marks last had appreciable importance, but this place on Apalachee Bay in Florida's Big Bend is a very old and historic Gulf port. Fortifications built here by the Spanish in the 17th century, and rebuilt several times, provided the venue for force of arms repeatedly up through the American Civil War.
In the best-known incident, Andrew Jackson, in his cavalier incursion into Spanish Florida in 1818, executed British nationals Robert Chrystie Ambrister and Alexander George Arbuthnot at the old fort. This nearly embroiled the United States in international strife. San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park interprets the site of the old fort.
Today's St. Marks evidently has its roots in American commercial activity that took hold beneath the walls of the fort upon acquisition of Spanish Florida by the U.S. in 1821—before the settlement moved slightly up St. Marks River to the present position. Various articles in publications like Florida Historical Quarterly relate how the fort site later held a Government naval hospital to meet yellow fever emergencies in the merchant marine. And just afterward Confederate batteries were established on the site in the Civil War. Their earthworks remain and are interpreted in the historic state park. But the site also exhibits old Spanish stonework, and not far away (though inaccessible) just down St. Marks River are shallow Spanish quarries where this limestone was evidently obtained in the 1730s.
There are brief accounts of a stone tower the Spanish built (now long gone) close by the quarries. The tower apparently would have afforded a sea view. Some scholars have asserted that if the Spanish on any occasion placed torches in this tower, the structure would have been thus functioning as the first lighthouse in the New World. In any case, limestone quarried here by the Spanish did eventually help to make a lighthouse here—the St. Marks Light constructed about 1830 by the U.S. Government. The lighthouse stands, after a couple of reconstructions, at the mouth of the river six miles from town and accessible by road. The lighthouse is, like San Marcos de Apalache, on the National Register of Historic Places.
A railroad often cited as Florida's first connected the port of St. Marks with the territorial capital, Tallahassee, some 20 miles inland. The line was constructed about 1836, and until the Civil War it served in the export of Middle Florida's cotton through St. Marks.
Today the attraction of St. Marks for boaters, fishermen, and seafood lovers preserves a strong relationship with Tallahassee (as does the location of a generating plant for Tallahassee here). The now-abandoned rail line serves as the popular Tallahassee-St. Marks Historic Railroad State Trail—a paved 16+-mile bicycle and equestrian trail terminating at the St. Marks waterfront.
This section of the coast was surprised by the big storm surge of Hurricane Dennis in 2005. As on other occasions in its history, St. Marks was flooded badly with saltwater. A principal casualty this time was the landmark Posey's Oyster Bar --Home of the Topless Oyster. Attracting people from Tallahassee and elsewhere ever since the 1920s, this quaint establishment overhanging the river was one of the oldest businesses in Wakulla County. It enjoyed a measure of regional fame. Irreparably damaged, Posey's now belongs, with Ambrister and Arbuthnot and the Spanish, to the long history of St. Marks. Photo credit Rod Strickland
#st.marks #fishing #sunsets #beauty #nature
1st Seminole War Fort St. Marks part 2
1st Seminole War Fort St. Marks part 2
A visit to the First Seminole War site, Fort St. Marks, or San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park.
In 1528, the forlorn crew of the Spanish Panfilo de Narvaez expedition found that there was not gold in Florida, but death instead, to most of their 300 men. The survivors built rafts in this area to try and sail back to Spanish Mexico, but were hit by a gale or hurricane.
This fort was first built by the Spanish in 1679 where the Wakulla and St. Marks Rivers meet, to support the Spanish mission chain that was being developed, and as a port and storehouse for supplies from the missions of produce and pelts, sent to Cuba. In 1682 it was looted and burned by pirates. In 1718 the Spanish returned and built a more permanent, and stone fortification. Never really completed, it was turned over to the English in 1764, and once again reoccupied by Spain in 1787.
Adventure and self-styled Chief of the Free State of Muskogee, William Augustus Bowles and his group of pirates and Indians took over and occupied the fort in 1791. At least until Five weeks later when the Spanish war ships arrived and Bowles' allies deserted him.
In 1818, the First Seminole War happened when Andrew Jackson invaded Florida to try and strike a blow against the Seminoles and all who would support them. The war was actually an outgrowth of what Jackson considered unfinished business against the Red Stick Creeks and British from the Creek War and War of 1812. Jackson forced the small garrison at St. Marks to surrender and used the fort as his headquarters, where he hanged two Seminole leaders including the Prophet Josiah Francis. Ironic was that Josiah Francis' daughter, Milly Francis, had saved the life of an American soldier and would receive a congressional medal of honor for the act on her death bed in Oklahoma, thirty years later.
Here at Fort St. Marks, Jackson also ordered a military trial and execution of a British Citizen and Royal Marine Officer, for what he believed was aiding the hostile Seminoles.
Jackson spent the rest of his life trying to defend his actions of an illegal invasion of Spanish territory, and trail and execution of citizens of a third nation. But because of Jackson's invasion, it helped persuade Spain to abandon Florida to the Americans with the Adams-Onis Treaty the next year. In 1821, Spanish Florida became US territory.
The fort was scraped for materials and stone the following years. But in 1857, and military hospital was established at the remains of the fort site. The Confederates occupied the site and used it as a hospital until 1865.
Today the site is San Marcos de Apalahche Historic State Park, operated by the Florida State Parks.
Castillo de San Marcos
Visiting the Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine, Florida on January 1, 2014.
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Firsthand Florida Fun: Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park
Tune in as we travel to what was once the site of a Native American village and cultural and religious center. See their earthen temple mounds and the ecosystem that still endures here today on this week's Firsthand Florida Fun Blog.
Read:
Fort St Marks part 5 the fort and the First Seminole War
I return for a visit again to Fort St. Marks. This time you see me walk around the entire front yard as I am narrating.
I was wondering if the United States handed back the fort to the Spanish after the First Seminole War? Looking in the archives, I found out that they did, but U.S. forces kept occupation at Fort Gadsden on the Apalachicola River. So the American flag has flown over Florida not since 1821 or 1819, but ever since Jackson came into Florida in April 1818. About 11 months later the U.S. forces moved over the Fort Gadsden, and kept occupation there until about 1824. The main goal of the U.S. forces was to keep open the river traffic between the Gulf of Mexico, and to Fort Scott in southwest Georgia.
Florida | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Florida
00:04:59 1 History
00:05:28 1.1 European arrival
00:11:17 1.2 Joining the United States; Indian removal
00:16:21 1.3 Slavery, war, and disenfranchisement
00:19:05 1.4 20th and 21st century growth
00:21:13 2 Geography
00:23:12 2.1 Climate
00:27:31 2.2 Fauna
00:29:50 2.3 Flora
00:31:17 2.4 Environmental issues
00:33:49 2.5 Geology
00:36:02 2.6 Regions
00:36:10 3 Demographics
00:36:19 3.1 Population
00:38:23 3.2 Settlements
00:39:27 3.3 Ancestry
00:45:01 3.4 Languages
00:45:54 3.5 Religion
00:46:53 4 Governance
00:48:32 4.1 Elections history
00:53:01 4.1.1 Elections of 2000 to present
00:57:19 4.2 Statutes
00:58:57 5 Economy
01:02:24 5.1 Personal income
01:03:43 5.2 Real estate
01:05:21 5.3 Tourism
01:07:10 5.4 Agriculture and fishing
01:08:55 5.5 Industry
01:09:12 5.6 Mining
01:10:32 5.7 Government
01:11:53 6 Seaports
01:12:57 7 Health
01:14:02 8 Architecture
01:15:26 9 Media
01:15:34 10 Education
01:15:43 10.1 Primary and secondary education
01:17:03 10.2 Higher education
01:18:26 11 Transportation
01:18:36 11.1 Highways
01:22:09 11.2 Airports
01:22:27 11.3 Intercity rail
01:24:42 11.4 Public transit
01:26:45 12 Sports
01:29:38 13 State symbols
01:31:33 14 Sister states
01:31:43 15 Notable people
01:31:52 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Florida ( (listen); Spanish for land of flowers) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida. Florida is the 22nd-most extensive (65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2), the 3rd-most populous (21,312,211 inhabitants), and the 8th-most densely populated (384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2) of the U.S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area. Tallahassee is the state's capital.
Florida's $1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States. If it were a country, Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world, and the 58th most populous as of 2018. In 2017, Florida's per capita personal income was $47,684, ranking 26th in the nation. The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States. Florida exports nearly $55 billion in goods made in the state, the 8th highest among all states. The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $344.9 billion as of 2017. This is more than twice the number of the next metro area, the Tampa Bay Area, which has a GDP of $145.3 billion. Florida is home to 51 of the world's billionaires with most of them residing in South Florida.The first European contact was made in 1513 by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León, who called it la Florida ([la floˈɾiða] the land of flowers) upon landing there in the Easter season, known in Spanish as Pascua Florida. Florida was a challenge for the European colonial powers before it gained statehood in the United States in 1845. It was a principal location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans, and racial segregation after the American Civil War.
Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, as well as for its increasing environmental issues. The state's economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, winter vegetables, the Kennedy Space Center, and as a popular destination for retirees. Florida is the flattest state in the United States. Lake Okeechobee is the largest freshwater lake in the U.S. state of Florida.Florida's close proximity to the ocean influences many aspects of Florida culture and daily life. Florida is a reflecti ...
Florida | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Florida
00:05:00 1 History
00:05:29 1.1 European arrival
00:11:19 1.2 Joining the United States; Indian removal
00:16:25 1.3 Slavery, war, and disenfranchisement
00:19:09 1.4 20th and 21st century growth
00:21:18 2 Geography
00:23:18 2.1 Climate
00:27:37 2.2 Fauna
00:29:57 2.3 Flora
00:31:25 2.4 Florida Reef
00:32:37 2.5 Environmental issues
00:35:10 2.6 Geology
00:37:23 2.7 Regions
00:37:31 3 Demographics
00:37:41 3.1 Population
00:39:45 3.2 Settlements
00:40:49 3.3 Ancestry
00:46:27 3.4 Languages
00:47:21 3.5 Religion
00:48:19 4 Governance
00:49:58 4.1 Elections history
00:54:28 4.1.1 Elections of 2000 to present
00:58:47 4.2 Statutes
01:00:25 5 Economy
01:03:54 5.1 Personal income
01:05:13 5.2 Real estate
01:06:51 5.3 Tourism
01:08:41 5.4 Agriculture and fishing
01:10:26 5.5 Industry
01:10:44 5.6 Mining
01:12:04 5.7 Government
01:13:24 6 Seaports
01:14:29 7 Health
01:15:33 8 Architecture
01:16:57 9 Media
01:17:06 10 Education
01:17:15 10.1 Primary and secondary education
01:18:35 10.2 Higher education
01:19:59 11 Transportation
01:20:08 11.1 Highways
01:23:42 11.2 Airports
01:24:00 11.3 Intercity rail
01:26:16 11.4 Public transit
01:28:20 12 Sports
01:31:13 13 State symbols
01:33:09 14 Sister states
01:33:19 15 Notable people
01:33:28 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Florida ( (listen); Spanish for land of flowers) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida. Florida is the 22nd-most extensive (65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2), the 3rd-most populous (21,312,211 inhabitants), and the 8th-most densely populated (384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2) of the U.S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area. Tallahassee is the state's capital.
Florida's $1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States. If it were a country, Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world, and the 58th most populous as of 2018. In 2017, Florida's per capita personal income was $47,684, ranking 26th in the nation. The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States. Florida exports nearly $55 billion in goods made in the state, the 8th highest among all states. The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $344.9 billion as of 2017. This is more than twice the number of the next metro area, the Tampa Bay Area, which has a GDP of $145.3 billion. Florida is home to 51 of the world's billionaires with most of them residing in South Florida.The first European contact was made in 1513 by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León, who called it la Florida ([la floˈɾiða] the land of flowers) upon landing there in the Easter season, known in Spanish as Pascua Florida. Florida was a challenge for the European colonial powers before it gained statehood in the United States in 1845. It was a principal location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans, and racial segregation after the American Civil War.
Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, as well as for its increasing environmental issues. The state's economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, winter vegetables, the Kennedy Space Center, and as a popular destination for retirees. Florida is the flattest state in the United States. Lake Okeechobee is the largest freshwater lake in the U.S. state of Florida.Florida's close proximity to the ocean influences many aspects of Florida culture and daily l ...
Florida | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:05:00 1 History
00:05:29 1.1 European arrival
00:11:19 1.2 Joining the United States; Indian removal
00:16:25 1.3 Slavery, war, and disenfranchisement
00:19:09 1.4 20th and 21st century growth
00:21:18 2 Geography
00:23:18 2.1 Climate
00:27:37 2.2 Fauna
00:29:57 2.3 Flora
00:31:25 2.4 Florida Reef
00:32:37 2.5 Environmental issues
00:35:10 2.6 Geology
00:37:23 2.7 Regions
00:37:31 3 Demographics
00:37:41 3.1 Population
00:39:45 3.2 Settlements
00:40:49 3.3 Ancestry
00:46:27 3.4 Languages
00:47:21 3.5 Religion
00:48:19 4 Governance
00:49:58 4.1 Elections history
00:54:29 4.1.1 Elections of 2000 to present
00:58:48 4.2 Statutes
01:00:27 5 Economy
01:03:55 5.1 Personal income
01:05:14 5.2 Real estate
01:06:52 5.3 Tourism
01:08:42 5.4 Agriculture and fishing
01:10:27 5.5 Industry
01:10:45 5.6 Mining
01:12:05 5.7 Government
01:13:25 6 Seaports
01:14:30 7 Health
01:15:34 8 Architecture
01:16:58 9 Media
01:17:07 10 Education
01:17:18 10.1 Primary and secondary education
01:18:39 10.2 Higher education
01:20:03 11 Transportation
01:20:12 11.1 Highways
01:23:46 11.2 Airports
01:24:04 11.3 Intercity rail
01:26:20 11.4 Public transit
01:28:24 12 Sports
01:31:17 13 State symbols
01:33:14 14 Sister states
01:33:23 15 Notable people
01:33:32 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Florida ( (listen); Spanish for land of flowers) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida. Florida is the 22nd-most extensive (65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2), the 3rd-most populous (21,312,211 inhabitants), and the 8th-most densely populated (384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2) of the U.S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area. Tallahassee is the state's capital.
Florida's $1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States. If it were a country, Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world, and the 58th most populous as of 2018. In 2017, Florida's per capita personal income was $47,684, ranking 26th in the nation. The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States. Florida exports nearly $55 billion in goods made in the state, the 8th highest among all states. The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $344.9 billion as of 2017. This is more than twice the number of the next metro area, the Tampa Bay Area, which has a GDP of $145.3 billion. Florida is home to 51 of the world's billionaires with most of them residing in South Florida.The first European contact was made in 1513 by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León, who called it la Florida ([la floˈɾiða] the land of flowers) upon landing there in the Easter season, known in Spanish as Pascua Florida. Florida was a challenge for the European colonial powers before it gained statehood in the United States in 1845. It was a principal location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans, and racial segregation after the American Civil War.
Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, as well as for its increasing environmental issues. The state's economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, winter vegetables, the Kennedy Space Center, and as a popular destination for retirees. Florida is the flattest state in the United States. Lake Okeechobee is the largest freshwater ...
Florida | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Florida
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Florida ( (listen); Spanish for land of flowers) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida. Florida is the 22nd-most extensive (65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2), the 3rd-most populous (21,312,211 inhabitants), and the 8th-most densely populated (384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2) of the U.S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area. Tallahassee is the state's capital.
Florida's $1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States. If it were a country, Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world, and the 58th most populous as of 2018. In 2017, Florida's per capita personal income was $47,684, ranking 26th in the nation. The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States. Florida exports nearly $55 billion in goods made in the state, the 8th highest among all states. The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $344.9 billion as of 2017. This is more than twice the number of the next metro area, the Tampa Bay Area, which has a GDP of $145.3 billion. Florida is home to 51 of the world's billionaires with most of them residing in South Florida.The first European contact was made in 1513 by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León, who called it la Florida ([la floˈɾiða] the land of flowers) upon landing there in the Easter season, known in Spanish as Pascua Florida. Florida was a challenge for the European colonial powers before it gained statehood in the United States in 1845. It was a principal location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans, and racial segregation after the American Civil War.
Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, as well as for its increasing environmental issues. The state's economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, winter vegetables, the Kennedy Space Center, and as a popular destination for retirees. Florida is the flattest state in the United States. Lake Okeechobee is the largest freshwater lake in the U.S. state of Florida.Florida's close proximity to the ocean influences many aspects of Florida culture and daily life. Florida is a reflection of influences and multiple inheritance; African, European, indigenous, and Latino heritages can be found in the architecture and cuisine. Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, and water sports. Several beaches in Florida have turquoise and emerald-colored coastal waters.About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), not including the contribution of the many barrier islands. Florida has a total of 4,510 islands that are ten acres or larger in area. This is the second-highest number of islands of any state of the United States; only Alaska has more. It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, American ...
Florida State University | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Florida State University
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Florida State University (Florida State or FSU) is a public space-grant and sea-grant research university with its primary campus on a 1,428.6 acres (5.781 km2) campus in Tallahassee, Florida. It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida. Founded in 1851, it is located on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida.The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. The university comprises 16 separate colleges and more than 110 centers, facilities, labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study, including professional school programs. The university has an annual budget of over $1.7 billion and an annual economic impact of over $10 billion. Florida State is home to Florida's only National Laboratory, the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, and is the birthplace of the commercially viable anti-cancer drug Taxol. Florida State University also operates The John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art, the State Art Museum of Florida and one of the largest museum/university complexes in the nation. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
For 2019, U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida State as the 26th best public university in the United States in the national university category. Florida State University is one of Florida's three state-designated preeminent universities.
FSU's intercollegiate sports teams, commonly known by their Florida State Seminoles nickname, compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). In their 113-year history, Florida State's varsity sports teams have won 20 national athletic championships and Seminole athletes have won 78 individual NCAA national championships.