Clarinda The Brahamin Missionary | Augustine Jebakumar | LTN Ministries
Clarinda (c. 1746 – c. 1806) also known sometimes as Clorinda or Rasa was a native Indian Maratha Brahamin, a member of a high standing family in the royal court of Tanjore (Thanjavur), South India, in the 18th Century. She later became a dedicated Christian Missionary, moved to Tirunelveli, South India, where she started her missionary work. She was the first Christian convert of Tirunelveli and also built the first Church of Protestant Christian worship, namely, the well known, Clarinda Church, situated near St. John's College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli
According to the historical romance novel 'Clarinda A Historical Novel' which is based on the real life of Clarinda, written closer to the times Clarinda lived and the basis for the character profiling of Clarinda and some events of her life in this article, her maiden name was Kokila. She was the ward of her grandfather and was brought up with loving care and given the best of education. As a young girl she was diligent, tenacious and accomplished. Even at that tender age she showed a sense of empathy and was kind and gentle to all. At the same time she was contemporary and bold with outspoken ideas against the customs and superstitions, specifically that of the treatment of women, of those times - characteristics indicating the redoubtable lady she will one day become, as her benefactors would like to say.
According to common custom in those days she was given in marriage early to a wealthy man of high rank in the royal court. But a short time later her husband died leaving her a widow. It is a common belief that she was rescued from the funeral pyre of the ensuing Sati, by a soldier of the British army, Henry Lyttleton, who was passing along and who took pity on her seeing the plight of her horrendous circumstances. (The historical romance novel (fiction) 'Clarinda A Historical Novel' provides a detailed account of this event.)
Clarinda and Lyttleton
After the rescue, Clarinda and Lyttleton started living together as they found the relationship to be compatible. It is said that they had a son from this consummate partnership though they remained unmarried. Lyttleton being a British Protestant Christian started to familiarise her with the Christian doctrine which she imbibed and embraced wholeheartedly.
At this point she had personally embraced Christianity completely and had started to live accordingly. Since generally baptism of some kind is a necessary requirement in the Christian doctrine she requested (1774) Rev. C. F. Schwartz, who was a British CMS (Church Mission Society) missionary doing service in those parts and with whom she was acquainted, to baptise her. Anyway Schwartz refused to comply as he thought she was leading a questionable life of sin of illegal partnership. Meanwhile, Lyttleton suddenly died from gout. After about four years (1778), Clarinda once again requested Schwartz to baptise her saying, now that her partner was dead, her past life should in no way be detrimental for her baptism. This time Schwartz, taking into account her life of devotion and selfless service, did not refuse and duly baptised her (1778), changing her name to Clarinda. She was the very first Christian convert in Tirunelveli District.
After her baptism she immersed herself in the missionary work and social services with complete zeal. She brought more willing people into Christianity through conversion in Tirunelveli and suburbs and built the Clarinda Church in Palayamkottai (1784) for the small congregation of fifty people or so to gather and worship. This Church/congregation is said to be the pioneer of the Diocese system that is now in place. She took up the cause of the under privileged, downtrodden, destitutes, widows, orphans providing them the necessary support and aid and education, particularly helping the uneducated poor women towards their empowerment, even in that early semi unenlightened era. She had the Clarinda Church consecrated by Schwartz (1785). This Church now is a major place of worship for Christians and others as well. She was instrumental in building schools in Palayamkottai which are now major educational institutions and other small Churches for the congregations she had managed to form in neighboring villages. For all this she used her own private funds without depending much on contributions or grants. She had to face, along the way, innumerable difficulties, from the non Christian majority around, the schisms of the Church, personal short comings and unexpected hindrances. But she was undaunted and never gave up on her purpose. Many among the Christian communities consider her a veritable and renowned missionary worker of her times. She died in c. 1806.
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கிறிஸ்டின் பிரெடரிக் ஸ்வர்ட்ஸ் || Christian Frederick Schwarz || Missionary biography
கிறிஸ்டின் பிரெடரிக் ஸ்வர்ட்ஸ் || Christian Frederick Schwarz || Missionary biography
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#Christian_Frederick_Schwarz_Biography
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Latest Tamil #Christian_missionary_biograhy video. A power packed performance, from GILGAL Ministries camp celebrations
Christian Frederick Schwarz (with spellings including Friedrich and Schwartz or Swartz) (8 October 1726 – 13 February 1798) was a German Lutheran missionary to India. He was known for his linguistic skills, with knowledge of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Tamil, Urdu, Persian, Marathi, and Telugu and even used by the British to serve as an emissary of peace and sent to the court of Haider Ali in Mysore. He worked alongside the Indian royal families, tutoring the Raja Serfoji of Tanjore, and was influential in establishing Protestant Christianity in southern India.[1]
Christian Friedrich Schwarz Memorial, St. Mary's Church, Madras
Christian was born on 8 October (sometimes given as 22 or 26 October 1726) at Sonnenburg, in the electorate of Brandenburg, Prussia. His father was George Schwartz and his mother Margaret Grunerin. His mother died when he was young and he went to grammar school in Sonnenburg under Mr Helm. He learnt Latin and Greek with some amount of Hebrew which he hoped to improve with studies in the town of Custrin. In 1746 he moved to study at Halle where he met Schulz who had worked in the Madras Mission. Schultz was working on Tamil bible and sought help from Schwarz. Having learned Tamil to assist in a translation of the Bible into that language, he was led to form the intention of becoming a missionary to India. He received ordination at Copenhagen on 8 August 1749, and, after spending some time in England to acquire the English language, embarked early in 1750 for India.[2][1]
He arrived at Tiruchirapalli on 30 July via Tranquebar. Tranquebar was for some time his headquarters, but he paid frequent visits to Thanjavur and Tiruchirapalli, and in 1766 moved to Tiruchirapalli.[3] Here he acted as chaplain to the garrison, who erected a church for his general use.
There was an explosion of the ammunition dump of East India company in 1761. Lots of Native soldiers died in that. So for the orphan children of the soldiers he established Bishop Heber School in Trichinopoly. Again there was another ammunition dump explosion in Trichinopoly in 1763. In which all the British soldiers and their wives perished. Only 14 children of the soldiers survived. So for the orphan children he started a school in the Vestry of St.John's Church.The Church which had been built by the British soldiers. Later the army gave some land, about five acres adjoining the army garrison to build a proper school. The school was built by the FREEMASONS who all were British army personnel and civilians who all were also Freemasons.
In 1769, he secured the friendship of the king Raja Tuljaji, who, although he never converted to Christianity, afforded him every countenance in his missionary labours. Shortly before his death he committed to Schwarz the education of his adopted son and successor Sarabhoji (Serfoji). Schwarz taught the prince, Prince Serfoji, and another slightly older pupil Vedanayagam using the gurukulam approach, where the teacher and the pupil live together.Raja Serfoji built a church to show his affection to Schwartz and it is still seen as a symbol of tolerance on the part of that great Mahratta ruler towards different religions.
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Thanjavur Top 15 Tourist Places | Visit Thanjavur | Travel Guide
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Tanjavur is a prominent centre of arts, religion and architecture. Thanjavur mesmerizes us with its rich culture and heritage. Many of temples in Thanjavur are UNESCO world heritage monuments. Tourists flock to Thanjavur to see the reminiscent of the bygone era.
Brihadishvara Temple, also called Rajarajesvaram or Peruvudaiyar Koyil, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the largest South Indian temples and an exemplary example of a fully realized Dravidian architecture. It is called as Dhakshina Meru.
Sivaganga Park is a recreational park in the city of Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu, India. It adjoins the Brihadeeswarar Temple, a popular tourist destination.
Schwartz Church is a church situated in Thanjavur, India. Constructed by the Danish missionary Christian Friedrich Schwarz in 1779, the church is a plain building with few distinctive features. There is a note to the effect that Major Stevens has laid a foundation stone for the church under nine feet depth.
Bangaru Kamakshi Amman Temple is a Hindu Temple in Thanjavur City, Tamil Nadu.It is located at the West Main Street, Thanjavur.
Swamimalai Swaminathaswamy Temple is a Hindu temple located in Swamimalai dedicated to Murugan 5 km from Kumbakonam on the banks of a tributary of river Cauvery, 250 km from Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, India. The temple is one of the six holy shrines of Murugan called Arupadaiveedu.
Saraswathi Mahal Library is a library located in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the oldest libraries in Asia, and has on display a rare collection of Palm leaf manuscripts and paper written in Tamil and Sanskrit and a few other languages indigenous to India.
Thanjai Mamani Koil is a set of three Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Vishnu located in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India and are close to each other. It is one of the Divya Desams, the 108 temples of Vishnu revered by the 12 poet saints, or Alwars.
Airavatesvara Temple is a Hindu temple of Dravidian architecture located in the town of Darasuram, near Kumbakonam in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Gangaikonda Cholapuram is a town located in Jayankondam, Tamil Nadu, India. It became the capital of the Chola dynasty in c. 1025 during the reign of Rajendra Chola I, and served as the Chola capital for around 250 years. The town is about 70 kilometres northeast of Thanjavur city.
Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple or Dharbaranyeswarar Temple located in Tirunallar in Karaikal district of Pondicherry, India. The presiding deity is Lord Siva, Dharbaranyeswar and the place Tirunallar was historically called Dharbaranyam.
Missionary Short Biography - Christian Frederick Schwarz - English
Young Serfoji II with Schwartz
Christian Friedrich Schwarz Memorial, St. Mary's Church, Madras
Born on 26 October 1726 at Sonnenburg, in the electorate of Brandenburg, Prussia. His father was George Schwartz and his mother Margaret Grundt. Having learned Tamil to assist in a translation of the Bible into that language, he was led to form the intention of becoming a missionary to India. He received ordination at Copenhagen on 8 August 1749, and, after spending some time in England to acquire the English language, embarked early in 1750 for India.
He arrived at Tiruchirapalli on 30 July via Tranquebar. Tranquebar was for some time his headquarters, but he paid frequent visits to Thanjavur and Tiruchirapalli, and in 1766 moved to Tiruchirapalli.[1] Here he acted as chaplain to the garrison, who erected a church for his general use.
In 1769, he secured the friendship of the king Raja Tuljaji, who, although he never converted to Christianity, afforded him every countenance in his missionary labours. Shortly before his death he committed to Schwarz the education of his adopted son and successor Sarabhoji (Serfoji). Schwarz taught the prince, Prince Serfoji, and another slightly older pupil Vedanayagam using the gurukulam approach, where the teacher and the pupil live together.Raja Serfoji built a church to show his affection to Schwartz and it is still seen as a symbol of tolerance on the part of that great Mahratta ruler towards different religions.
BRIHADISVAR TEMPLE, TANJAVUR ,CHENNAI
BRIHADISVAR TEMPLE is built in TANJAVUR.
TANJAVUR 311KM from CHENNAI.
Trichy International Airport is located at a distance
of nearly 58 km from TANJAVUR.
Flights to major South Indian cities like Chennai and Bangalore are also available from here.
VARIOUS ATTRACTIONS IN TANJAVUR are:
Sangeetha Mahal,Chandra Bagawan Temple,Brahadeshwara Temple,Thirunageshwaram Temple,Thiruvanajozhi Temple,Vellai Puliar Temple,Thirunallar Temple,Thirumananjeri Temple,Art Gallery,Siva Ganga Garden,Schwartz Church,Saraswathi Mahal Library,Lord Murugan Temple,Vijayanagar Fort,Sani Bhagawan Temple,Aalangudi Temple,Guru Baghawan Temple,Thingalur Temple,Swami Malai Temple,Keelaperumpallam Temple,Kanchanur Temple,Kethu Temple,Raaghu Temple,Sukkiran Temple,Thiruvenkadu Temple,Mercury Temple etc.
Best time to visit Nov-Mar.
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Sarrah Tucker physically challenged English woman's | Inspirational True Story
A preponderance of people of South India, in particular, Tamil Nadu may not be aware of the fact that the Sarah Tucker College of Palayamkottai town in Tirunelveli corporation of Tamil Nadu, holds the distinction of being the first college for women in south India, owing its inception to Ms.Sarah Tucker of England and her friends,
Present Kaniyakumari, Tirunelveli districts of Tamil Nadu and the southern districts of Kerala state became an ideal ground for the spread of Christianity in the region in the early centuries. Christianity was first introduced by St. Thomas in 52 AD on the coastal Malabar of Kerala. However, Christian missionary activities were on the increase in the 1800s in Tamil Nadu. As part of missionary work, Christian schools and college slowly came on a low key level in the initial stages.
In the Tirunelveli district, there arose a necessity to establish schools to impart education to the poor people. Established in 1865 by the Christian Missionary Society with four students at the time of its inception, now Sarah Tucker College for women is a post-graduate, autonomous institution (since 2007) of good repute offering numerous PG courses in many fields.
During the British Raj, European missionaries, both men and women came to India, for missionary work and to open up several Christian educational schools to impart knowledge to natives. The East India Company, in the early stages, allowed the missionary activities with certain restrictions. Names such as Christian Friedrich Schwartz (1726–1798), an Angelo-Saxon missionary settled at Thanjavur, TN, George Uglow Pope (1820–1908), Constantine Joseph Beschi, an Italian Jesuit priest, Sister Maria Teresalina Joaquina, a Spanish Catholic missionary to Kashmir (July 1918 - 27 to October 1947; who was murdered by invading Pakistani mercenaries), Isabella Thoburn (1840–1901) of the American Methodist Episcopal Church, best known for her establishment of educational institutions and missionary work in North India and a host of preachers made valid contribution in the field of education in India.
Sarah Tucker College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, .verityfilms.com
One Sarah Tucker, though a physically challenged and confined to her room in England, her trust in Jesus Christ and zeal for missionary work never declined. Being a good writer, she wrote numerous articles on matters related to missionary works, charity an deeds of piety. She had very much limited mobility, but not her christian faith of love and care for other people which rather grew by leaps and bound. One among the volunteers to do service in India she never landed on the shores of India for the missionary work, but she had a soft corner for the Indian natives. Ms. Tucker used to read reports on the missionary activities going on in other countries as well. When Ms.Tucker read reports on Indian women and their physical and mental sufferings both at home and work places under various appalling conditions, she was very much saddened and their pathetic conditions very much affected her. She realized the root cause of problems in Indian women's suffering is their illiteracy, lack of education and motivation. Upon hearing that there was no proper women educational institution in southern India, she made up her mind to have a separate educational institution started to impart knowledge to Indian women. With a crusading spirit, she volunteered to get her vision fulfilled.
தஞ்சை பெரிய கோயில் தேரோட்டம், ஆயிரக்கணக்கான பக்தர்கள் பங்கேற்றுள்ளனர் | #Tanjore
தஞ்சை பெரிய கோயில் தேரோட்டம், ஆயிரக்கணக்கான பக்தர்கள் பங்கேற்றுள்ளனர் | #Tanjore
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Thanjavur | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Thanjavur
00:01:37 1 Etymology
00:02:23 2 History
00:08:12 3 Geography and climate
00:10:38 4 Tourism and culture
00:15:13 5 Economy
00:17:42 6 Demographics
00:20:57 7 Transport
00:24:25 8 Administration and politics
00:28:51 9 Education
00:30:45 10 Utility services
00:33:11 11 See also
00:33:28 12 Notes
00:33:37 12.1 Footnotes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, is a city in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur is an important center of South Indian religion, art, and architecture. Most of the Great Living Chola Temples, which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments, are located in and around Thanjavur. The foremost among these, the Brihadeeswara Temple, is located in the centre of the city. Thanjavur is also home to Tanjore painting, a painting style unique to the region.
Thanjavur is the headquarters of the Thanjavur District. The city is an important agricultural centre located in the Cauvery Delta and is known as the Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur is administered by a municipal corporation covering an area of 36.33 km2 (14.03 sq mi) and had a population of 222,943 in 2011. Roadways are the major means of transportation, while the city also has rail connectivity. The nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport, located 59.6 km (37.0 mi) away from the city. The nearest seaport is Karaikal Port, which is 94 km (58 mi) away from Thanjavur.
The city first rose to prominence during the reign of Mutharaiyar when it served as the capital of the empire. After the fall of Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas and British Empire. It has been a part of independent India since 1947.
Tiruchirappalli | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tiruchirappalli
00:02:42 1 Etymology
00:04:14 2 History
00:04:23 2.1 Early and medieval history
00:08:49 2.2 British rule
00:10:05 2.3 Contemporary and modern history
00:12:23 3 Geography and climate
00:14:16 3.1 Urban structure
00:15:02 3.2 Climate
00:17:00 4 Demographics
00:19:14 5 Administration and politics
00:23:17 6 Economy
00:27:46 7 Culture
00:30:13 8 Landmarks
00:34:10 9 Education
00:37:42 10 Sports
00:39:19 11 Media
00:41:16 12 Utility services
00:45:25 13 Transport
00:48:51 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tiruchirappalli (pronunciation ) (formerly Trichinopoly in English), also called Trichy, is a major tier II city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli District. Trichy is the fourth largest city as well as the fourth largest urban agglomeration in the state. Located 322 kilometres (200 mi) south of Chennai and 374 kilometres (232 mi) north of Kanyakumari, Tiruchirappalli sits almost at the geographic centre of the state. The Cauvery Delta begins 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the city where the Kaveri river splits into two, forming the island of Srirangam, which is now incorporated into the Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation. Occupying 167.23 square kilometres (64.57 sq mi), the city was home to 916,857 people in 2011.Tiruchirappalli's recorded history begins in the 3rd century BC, when it was under the rule of the Cholas. The city has also been ruled by the Pandyas, Pallavas, Mutharaiyars, Vijayanagar Empire, Nayak Dynasty, the Carnatic state and the British. The most prominent historical monuments in Tiruchirappalli include the Rockfort, the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam and the Jambukeswarar temple at Thiruvanaikaval. The archaeologically important town of Uraiyur, capital of the Early Cholas, is now a suburb of Tiruchirappalli. The city played a critical role in the Carnatic Wars (1746–1763) between the British and the French East India companies.
The city is an important educational centre in the state of Tamil Nadu and houses nationally recognised institutions such as Indian Institute of Management (IIMT), Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) and National Institute of Technology (NITT). Industrial units such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Golden Rock Railway Workshop, Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli (OFT) and Heavy Alloy Penetrator Project (HAPP) have their factories in the city. The presence of a large number of energy equipment manufacturing units in and around the city has earned it the title of Energy Equipment and Fabrication Capital of India. Tiruchirappalli is internationally known for a brand of cheroot known as the Trichinopoly cigar, which was exported in large quantities to the United Kingdom during the 19th century.
A major road and railway hub in the state, the city is served by the Tiruchirappalli International Airport (TRZ) which operates flights to the Middle East and Southeast Asia.
Tiruchirappalli | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tiruchirappalli
00:02:42 1 Etymology
00:04:15 2 History
00:04:24 2.1 Early and medieval history
00:08:51 2.2 British rule
00:10:07 2.3 Contemporary and modern history
00:12:25 3 Geography and climate
00:14:19 3.1 Urban structure
00:15:05 3.2 Climate
00:17:04 4 Demographics
00:19:18 5 Administration and politics
00:23:20 6 Economy
00:27:50 7 Culture
00:30:16 8 Landmarks
00:34:14 9 Education
00:37:47 10 Sports
00:39:24 11 Media
00:41:21 12 Utility services
00:45:31 13 Transport
00:48:56 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tiruchirappalli (pronunciation ) (formerly Trichinopoly in English), also called Trichy, is a major tier II city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli District. Trichy is the fourth largest city as well as the fourth largest urban agglomeration in the state. Located 322 kilometres (200 mi) south of Chennai and 374 kilometres (232 mi) north of Kanyakumari, Tiruchirappalli sits almost at the geographic centre of the state. The Cauvery Delta begins 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the city where the Kaveri river splits into two, forming the island of Srirangam, which is now incorporated into the Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation. Occupying 167.23 square kilometres (64.57 sq mi), the city was home to 916,857 people in 2011.Tiruchirappalli's recorded history begins in the 3rd century BC, when it was under the rule of the Cholas. The city has also been ruled by the Pandyas, Pallavas, Mutharaiyars, Vijayanagar Empire, Nayak Dynasty, the Carnatic state and the British. The most prominent historical monuments in Tiruchirappalli include the Rockfort, the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam and the Jambukeswarar temple at Thiruvanaikaval. The archaeologically important town of Uraiyur, capital of the Early Cholas, is now a suburb of Tiruchirappalli. The city played a critical role in the Carnatic Wars (1746–1763) between the British and the French East India companies.
The city is an important educational centre in the state of Tamil Nadu and houses nationally recognised institutions such as Indian Institute of Management (IIMT), Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) and National Institute of Technology (NITT). Industrial units such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Golden Rock Railway Workshop, Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli (OFT) and Heavy Alloy Penetrator Project (HAPP) have their factories in the city. The presence of a large number of energy equipment manufacturing units in and around the city has earned it the title of Energy Equipment and Fabrication Capital of India. Tiruchirappalli is internationally known for a brand of cheroot known as the Trichinopoly cigar, which was exported in large quantities to the United Kingdom during the 19th century.
A major road and railway hub in the state, the city is served by the Tiruchirappalli International Airport (TRZ) which operates flights to the Middle East and Southeast Asia.