Allied POW museum opens in north China
A museum built on the former site of a prisoner of war camp run by the Japanese during the Second World War, has opened in north China's Shenyang city. As well as exhibiting belongings of the allied prisoners who were detained in the camp between 1941 and 1945, it also pays homage the more than 200 who died there.
Allied POW s’ ordeals brought back to life
The Bataan Death March is well known to Americans, but what happened to those who survived it is not. A traveling exhibition in San Francisco tells the less known story of how Allied prisoners of war ended up in one of the Japanese Army’s most notorious prisoner camps in Mukden (today’s Shenyang), China, their darkest days there and their tenacious struggle against Japanese oppression. The exhibition, Forgotten Camp, offers a glimpse into the hardships endured by more than 2,000 Allied prisoners, 1,200 of them Americans, at the Shenyang World War II Allied POW Camp, from 1942-1945. On view from Tuesday through Dec 5 at the WWII Pacific War Memorial Hall, the exhibition assembles 250 historic photographs and 42 pieces of duplicate artifacts from the permanent collection of the Site Museum of Shenyang POW Camp of WWII Allied Forces.
Reporter: Lia Zhu
Video: Calvin Zhou, Zhang Yu'an, Wang Linyan
Edit: Judy Zhu
Producer: Ji Tao
Japanese used white POWs for WWII biological tests
The Japanese military's medical staff conducted biological experiments on Caucasian war prisoners during World War II, according to a researcher in northeast China's city of Shenyang.
Unit 731 Sizzle Reel
Log Line
One hour documentary concerning the infamous, secret Japanese Unit 731 biological center and Mukden POW Camp in China during World War II and the lasting scientific, social and political effects on people today.
Synopsis
The documentary exposes how the Imperial Japanese Army created a biological, chemical warfare research and development unit near Harbin, China that killed over 15,000 prisoners and 500,000 Chinese civilians during World War II. There are also stories of despair and heroism at an Allied POW camp in Mukden where U.S and allied soldiers endured inhumane treatment. Groups and individuals responsible for these crimes against humanity are revealed and the survivors, relatives and activists quest for justice and accountability are told.
Principals and Organizations
Doug Ross, Senior Producer, Wang-Ross Communications, Maryland.
Jing Cheng-Ming, Vice Curator, Unit 731 Crime Evidence Museum, Pingfang, China.
Liu Chang Jiang, VP Researcher, Shenyang 9.18 Historical Museum
Gain Jian, Director of Research, Shenyang 9.18 Historical Museum
Emily Zhang, Interpretor, Shenyang 9.18 Historical Museum
Pat Wang, Mukden Prisoner of War Remembrance Society, North Carolina.
Norm Covert, former Fort Detrick United State Army Command, Biological Weapons, Maryland.
627 Grant Place, Frederick, Maryland 21702-4143
Chuck Dasey, PAO, US Army Medical Research and material Command, Reed Army Hospital, DC
Susan L. Shirk, a former State Department official and author of China, Fragile Superpower, Ho Miu Lam, Endowed Chair in China and Pacific Relations; Chair, 21st Cent. China, UC San Diego.
Linda Goetz Holmes, Author, Guests of the Emperor.
Huang YuePeng, Chinese survivor of Unit 731 field testing, China.
Jing Chun Geng, Chinese survivor of Unit 731 field testing. Dachen, Zhejiang Province
Dr. Zhu Jian Jun, treats Unit 731 patients, Dachen, Zhejiang Province, China.
Li Angu, Relative of Unit 731 victim, China.
Fang Yunsheng, Relative of Unit 731 victim, China.
Jing Fuhi, Relative of Unit 731 victim, China.
Interviews with American POW survivors of Mukden Camp TBA planned for September 2014 reunion of Mukden Prisoner of War Remembrance Society, North Carolina.
Allied And German Officers (1945)
Location Unknown / Unclear.
Cars passing a checkpoint. German prisoners being marched through village by local army men. Several shots of British and Russian officers posing for camera. A group of officers shaking hands and chatting in front of building. British soldier guarding a group of German officers in leather coats, back shots of the officers. German officers in leather coats being marched through street. Officers sitting in a dark room.
FILM ID:2153.02
A VIDEO FROM BRITISH PATHÉ. EXPLORE OUR ONLINE CHANNEL, BRITISH PATHÉ TV. IT'S FULL OF GREAT DOCUMENTARIES, FASCINATING INTERVIEWS, AND CLASSIC MOVIES.
FOR LICENSING ENQUIRIES VISIT
British Pathé also represents the Reuters historical collection, which includes more than 136,000 items from the news agencies Gaumont Graphic (1910-1932), Empire News Bulletin (1926-1930), British Paramount (1931-1957), and Gaumont British (1934-1959), as well as Visnews content from 1957 to the end of 1984. All footage can be viewed on the British Pathé website.
POW experience stayed with US airman throughout life
OK FLYING HOME LOVE. The four-word telegram came from 22-year-old Walter Huss in 1945 after nine months in solitary confinement in a Japanese POW camp with an untreated broken foot. What Huss also brought back home at the end of World War II was trauma and survivor's guilt that would trouble him for the rest of his life. He never got over the loss of his fellow crew members and he continued to hold onto the identity of a POW until his last days, said Jackie Huss Hallerberg, his daughter. At a recently opened exhibition titled Forgotten Camp in San Francisco, she showed some of her father's artifacts, including medals, telegrams, historic photos, family letters and his camp number. On view through Dec 5 at the WWII Pacific War Memorial Hall, the exhibition assembles 250 historic photographs and 42 pieces of duplicate artifacts from the permanent collection of the Site Museum of Shenyang POW Camp of WWII Allied Forces.
Video: Jude Zhu
Producer: Ji Tao, Calvin Zhou
WWII Japanese POW; Harry Robinson Interview by Linda Goetz Holmes - Pacific War Historian
In this interview with Linda Goetz Holmes, Harry Robinson shares his experiences while being a POW at Mukden Manchuria and working at the MKK plant.
Harbin | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Harbin
00:01:59 1 History
00:02:08 1.1 Early history
00:04:47 1.2 International city
00:10:14 1.3 Japanese invasion period
00:14:57 1.4 After World War II
00:20:28 2 Geography
00:21:59 2.1 Climate
00:23:39 3 Administrative divisions
00:23:57 4 Economy
00:27:22 4.1 Economic Development Zones and Ports
00:31:34 5 Demographics
00:31:43 5.1 Population
00:33:01 5.2 Ethnic groups
00:33:47 5.3 Religion
00:34:31 6 Culture
00:35:01 6.1 Dialect
00:35:24 6.2 Cuisine
00:39:18 6.3 Winter culture
00:42:10 6.4 iThe Music City/i
00:43:03 6.4.1 Harbin Summer Music Concert
00:44:38 6.5 Media
00:44:46 6.6 Television and radio
00:45:39 7 Architecture
00:46:07 7.1 Historical architecture
00:48:10 7.2 Modern architecture
00:49:20 8 Sports
00:51:59 8.1 Events
00:53:18 9 Transport
00:53:27 9.1 Railway
00:55:47 9.2 Road
00:57:07 9.3 Air
00:58:20 9.4 Subway
01:00:28 9.5 Ports and waterways
01:01:05 10 Education
01:02:45 11 Military
01:03:16 12 International relations
01:04:11 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Harbin (Manchu: Harbin; Chinese: 哈尔滨 Hā'ěrbīn) is the capital of Heilongjiang province, and largest city in the northeastern region of the People's Republic of China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Harbin has direct jurisdiction over nine metropolitan districts, two county-level cities and seven counties. Harbin is the eighth most populous Chinese city according to the 2010 census, the built-up area (which consists of all districts except Shuangcheng and Acheng) had 5,282,093 inhabitants, while the total population of the sub-provincial city was up to 10,635,971. Harbin serves as a key political, economic, scientific, cultural, and communications hub in Northeast China, as well as an important industrial base of the nation.Harbin, whose name was originally a Manchu word meaning a place for drying fishing nets, grew from a small rural settlement on the Songhua River to become one of the largest cities in Northeast China. Founded in 1898 with the coming of the Chinese Eastern Railway, the city first prospered as a region inhabited by an overwhelming majority of the immigrants from the Russian Empire.Having the most bitterly cold winters among major Chinese cities, Harbin is heralded as the Ice City for its well-known winter tourism and recreations. Harbin is notable for its beautiful ice sculpture festival in the winter. Besides being well known for its historical Russian legacy, the city serves as an important gateway in Sino-Russian trade today, containing a sizable population of Russian diaspora. In the 1920s, the city was considered China's fashion capital since new designs from Paris and Moscow reached here first before arriving in Shanghai. The city was voted China Top Tourist City by the China National Tourism Administration in 2004. On 22 June 2010, Harbin was appointed a City of Music by the UN.
Manchukuo | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Manchukuo
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Manchukuo (traditional Chinese: 滿洲國; pinyin: Mǎnzhōuguó; Japanese: 満州国; rōmaji: Manshūkoku; State of Manchuria; in other Axis languages: Italian: Manciukuò and German: Mandschukuo) was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945. It was founded as a republic, but in 1934 it became a constitutional monarchy. It had limited international recognition and was under the de facto control of Japan.
The area, collectively known as Manchuria, was the homeland of the Manchus, including the emperors of the Qing dynasty. In 1931, the region was seized by Japan following the Mukden Incident and a pro-Japanese government was installed one year later with Puyi, the last Qing emperor, as the nominal regent and later emperor. Manchukuo's government was dissolved in 1945 after the surrender of Imperial Japan at the end of World War II. The territories formally claimed by the puppet state were first seized in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August 1945, and then formally transferred to Chinese administration in the following year.Manchus formed a minority in Manchukuo, whose largest ethnic group were Han Chinese. The population of Koreans increased during the Manchukuo period, and there were also Japanese, Mongols, White Army Russians and other minorities. The Mongol regions of western Manchukuo were ruled under a slightly different system in acknowledgement of the Mongolian traditions there. The southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula was ruled by Japan as the Kwantung Leased Territory.
People's Republic of China | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:33 1 Names
00:05:45 2 History
00:05:53 2.1 Prehistory
00:07:01 2.2 Early dynastic rule
00:08:25 2.3 Imperial China
00:14:41 2.4 End of dynastic rule
00:17:21 2.5 Republic of China (1912–1949)
00:20:40 2.6 People's Republic of China (1949–present)
00:25:08 3 Geography
00:26:08 3.1 Landscape and climate
00:28:43 3.2 Biodiversity
00:31:29 3.3 Environmental issues
00:35:06 3.4 Political geography
00:36:57 4 Politics
00:38:14 4.1 Communist Party
00:39:25 4.2 Government
00:40:48 4.3 Administrative divisions
00:41:54 4.4 Foreign relations
00:43:54 4.4.1 Trade relations
00:45:52 4.4.2 Territorial disputes
00:47:25 4.4.3 Emerging superpower status
00:48:16 4.5 Sociopolitical issues, human rights and reform
00:55:24 5 Military
00:59:09 6 Economy
01:02:08 6.1 Economic history and growth
01:09:00 6.2 China in the global economy
01:12:15 6.3 Class and income inequality
01:14:18 7 Science and technology
01:14:28 7.1 Historical
01:15:47 7.2 Modern era
01:19:59 8 Infrastructure
01:20:19 8.1 Telecommunications
01:24:19 8.2 Transport
01:29:50 8.3 Water supply and sanitation
01:30:39 9 Demographics
01:34:18 9.1 Ethnic groups
01:35:50 9.2 Languages
01:38:15 9.3 Urbanization
01:39:46 9.4 Education
01:42:33 9.5 Health
01:45:07 9.6 Religion
01:48:22 10 Culture
01:51:12 10.1 Literature
01:53:19 10.2 Cuisine
01:55:00 10.3 Sports
01:58:05 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8804383812189197
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion. Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third- or fourth-largest country by total area. Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 (de jure 23) provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
China emerged as one of the world's earliest civilizations, in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. For millennia, China's political system was based on hereditary monarchies, or dynasties, beginning with the semi-legendary Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE. Since then, China has expanded, fractured, and re-unified numerous times. In the 3rd century BCE, the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire. The succeeding Han dynasty, which ruled from 206 BC until 220 AD, saw some of the most advanced technology at that time, including papermaking and the compass, along with agricultural and medical improvements. The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty (618–907) and Northern Song (960–1127) completed the Four Great Inventions. Tang culture spread widely in Asia, as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and Horn of Africa. Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution, when a republic replaced the Qing dynasty. The Chinese Civil War resulted in a division of territory in 1949, when the Communist Party of China established the People's Republic of China, a unitary one-party sovereign state on Mainland China, while the Kuomintang-led government retreated to the island of Taiwan. The political status of Taiwan remains disputed.
Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, China's economy has been one of the world's fastest-growing with annual growth rates consistently above 6 percent. According to the World Bank, China's GDP grew from $150 billion in 1978 to $12.24 trillion by 2017. Since 2010, China has been the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and, since 2014, the largest economy in the world by purchasing power parity (PPP). China is also the world's largest exporter and seco ...
Netherlands | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Netherlands
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdərlɑnt] ( listen)) is a country located mainly in Northwestern Europe. Together with three island territories in the Caribbean (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The European portion of the Netherlands consists of twelve provinces and borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders in the North Sea with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht (forming the Randstad megalopolis) and Eindhoven (leading the Brabantse Stedenrij). Amsterdam is the country's capital, while The Hague holds the seat of the States General, Cabinet and Supreme Court. The Port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe and the world's largest outside Asia.'Netherlands' literally means 'lower countries', referring to its low land and flat geography, with only about 50% of its land exceeding 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) above sea level. Most of the areas below sea level are the result of land reclamation beginning in the 16th century, resulting in large areas known as polders that amount to nearly 17% of the country's territory. With a population of 17.25 million living within a total area of roughly 41,500 square kilometres (16,000 sq mi), of which the land area is 33,700 square kilometres (13,000 sq mi), the Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Nevertheless, it is the world's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products after the United States, owing to its fertile soil, mild climate, and intensive agriculture.The Netherlands was the third country in the world to have representative government, and has been administered as a parliamentary constitutional monarchy since 1848, with a unitary structure. A policy of pillarisation historically segregated society and institutions between Catholics, Calvinists and socialists, but Dutch society is today one of the most cosmopolitan in the world. The country has a long history of social tolerance and is generally regarded as a liberal country, having legalised abortion, prostitution, and euthanasia, while maintaining a progressive drug policy. The Netherlands abolished the death penalty in 1870, allowed women's suffrage in 1917, and became the world's first country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2001.
The Netherlands is a founding member of the EU, Eurozone, G10, NATO, OECD, and WTO, as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union. It hosts several intergovernmental organizations and international courts, many of which are centered in The Hague, which is consequently dubbed 'the world's legal capital.' Its mixed-market advanced economy had the thirteenth-highest per capita income globally. One of the world's most prosperous countries, the Netherlands ranks among the highest in international indexes of press freedom, economic freedom, human development, and quality of life. Its strong performance is owed in large part to a generous welfare state that provides universal healthcare, public education and infrastructure, and a range of social benefits. It is also known for its polder model, the country's leading socioeconomic model based on consensus decision-making.
Harbin | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:05 1 History
00:02:15 1.1 Early history
00:04:52 1.2 International city
00:16:10 1.3 Japanese invasion period
00:22:00 1.4 After World War II
00:28:30 2 Geography
00:30:13 2.1 Climate
00:32:04 3 Administrative divisions
00:32:24 4 Economy
00:36:14 4.1 Economic Development Zones and Ports
00:40:57 5 Demographics
00:41:06 5.1 Population
00:42:35 5.2 Ethnic groups
00:43:28 5.3 Religion
00:44:17 6 Culture
00:44:51 6.1 Dialect
00:45:16 6.2 Cuisine
00:49:39 6.3 Winter culture
00:52:54 6.4 iThe Music City/i
00:53:54 6.4.1 Harbin Summer Music Concert
00:55:41 6.5 Media
00:55:50 6.6 Television and radio
00:56:48 7 Architecture
00:57:19 7.1 Historical architecture
00:59:40 7.2 Modern architecture
01:00:57 8 Sports
01:03:56 8.1 Events
01:05:25 9 Transport
01:05:35 9.1 Railway
01:08:33 9.2 Road
01:09:58 9.3 Air
01:11:18 9.4 Metro
01:13:42 9.5 Ports and waterways
01:14:24 10 Education
01:16:16 11 Military
01:16:51 12 International relations
01:17:52 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8530836655577817
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Harbin (Manchu: ᡥᠠᠯᠪᡳᠨ; Chinese: 哈尔滨 Hā'ěrbīn) is the capital of Heilongjiang province, and largest city in the northeastern region of the People's Republic of China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Harbin has direct jurisdiction over nine metropolitan districts, two county-level cities and seven counties. Harbin is the eighth most populous Chinese city according to the 2010 census, the built-up area (which consists of all districts except Shuangcheng and Acheng) had 5,282,093 inhabitants, while the total population of the sub-provincial city was up to 10,635,971. Harbin serves as a key political, economic, scientific, cultural, and communications hub in Northeast China, as well as an important industrial base of the nation.Harbin, whose name was originally a Manchu word meaning a place for drying fishing nets, grew from a small rural settlement on the Songhua River to become one of the largest cities in Northeast China. Founded in 1898 with the coming of the Chinese Eastern Railway, the city first prospered as a region inhabited by an overwhelming majority of immigrants from the Russian Empire.Having the most bitterly cold winters among major Chinese cities, Harbin is heralded as the Ice City for its well-known winter tourism and recreations. Harbin is notable for its beautiful ice sculpture festival in the winter. Besides being well known for its historical Russian legacy, the city serves as an important gateway in Sino-Russian trade today. In the 1920s, the city was considered China's fashion capital since new designs from Paris and Moscow reached here first before arriving in Shanghai. The city was voted China Top Tourist City by the China National Tourism Administration in 2004.
Turin | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Turin
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Turin (; Italian: Torino [toˈriːno] (listen); Piedmontese: Turin [tyˈriŋ] (listen)) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Turin (an administrative division of Italy) and of the Piedmont region, and was the first capital city of Italy from 1861 to 1865. The city is located mainly on the western bank of the Po River, in front of Susa Valley, and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga Hill. The population of the city proper is 878,074 (31 July 2018) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million.The city has a rich culture and history, being known for its numerous art galleries, restaurants, churches, palaces, opera houses, piazzas, parks, gardens, theatres, libraries, museums and other venues. Turin is well known for its Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neo-classical, and Art Nouveau architecture. Many of Turin's public squares, castles, gardens and elegant palazzi such as the Palazzo Madama, were built between the 16th and 18th centuries. A part of the historical center of Turin was inscribed in the World Heritage List under the name Residences of the Royal House of Savoy.
The city used to be a major European political center. From 1563, it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, then of the Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the Royal House of Savoy, and the first capital of the unified Italy (the Kingdom of Italy) from 1861 to 1865. Turin is sometimes called the cradle of Italian liberty for having been the birthplace and home of notable individuals who contributed to the Risorgimento, such as Cavour.The city currently hosts some of Italy's best universities, colleges, academies, lycea and gymnasia, such as the University of Turin, founded in the 15th century, and the Turin Polytechnic. In addition, the city is home to museums such as the Museo Egizio and the Mole Antonelliana. Turin's attractions make it one of the world's top 250 tourist destinations and the tenth most visited city in Italy in 2008.Even though much of its political significance and importance had been lost by World War II, Turin became a major European crossroad for industry, commerce and trade, and is part of the famous industrial triangle along with Milan and Genoa. Turin is ranked third in Italy, after Milan and Rome, for economic strength. With a GDP of $58 billion, Turin is the world's 78th richest city by purchasing power. As of 2010, the city has been ranked by GaWC as a Gamma World city. Turin is also home to much of the Italian automotive industry.Turin is well known as the home of the Shroud of Turin, the football teams Juventus F.C. and Torino F.C., the headquarters of automobile manufacturers FIAT, Lancia and Alfa Romeo, and as host of the 2006 Winter Olympics.
Netherlands | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Netherlands
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdərlɑnt] ( listen)) is a country located mainly in Northwestern Europe. Together with three island territories in the Caribbean (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The European portion of the Netherlands consists of twelve provinces and borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders in the North Sea with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht (forming the Randstad megalopolis) and Eindhoven (leading the Brabantse Stedenrij). Amsterdam is the country's capital, while The Hague holds the seat of the States General, Cabinet and Supreme Court. The Port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe and the world's largest outside Asia.'Netherlands' literally means 'lower countries', referring to its low land and flat geography, with only about 50% of its land exceeding 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) above sea level. Most of the areas below sea level are the result of land reclamation beginning in the 16th century, resulting in large areas known as polders that amount to nearly 17% of the country's territory. With a population of 17.25 million living within a total area of roughly 41,500 square kilometres (16,000 sq mi), of which the land area is 33,700 square kilometres (13,000 sq mi), the Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Nevertheless, it is the world's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products after the United States, owing to its fertile soil, mild climate, and intensive agriculture.The Netherlands was the third country in the world to have representative government, and has been administered as a parliamentary constitutional monarchy since 1848, with a unitary structure. A policy of pillarisation historically segregated society and institutions between Catholics, Calvinists and socialists, but Dutch society is today one of the most cosmopolitan in the world. The country has a long history of social tolerance and is generally regarded as a liberal country, having legalised abortion, prostitution, and euthanasia, while maintaining a progressive drug policy. The Netherlands abolished the death penalty in 1870, allowed women's suffrage in 1917, and became the world's first country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2001.
The Netherlands is a founding member of the EU, Eurozone, G10, NATO, OECD, and WTO, as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union. It hosts several intergovernmental organizations and international courts, many of which are centered in The Hague, which is consequently dubbed 'the world's legal capital.' Its mixed-market advanced economy had the thirteenth-highest per capita income globally. One of the world's most prosperous countries, the Netherlands ranks among the highest in international indexes of press freedom, economic freedom, human development, and quality of life. Its strong performance is owed in large part to a generous welfare state that provides universal healthcare, public education and infrastructure, and a range of social benefits. It is also known for its polder model, the country's leading socioeconomic model based on consensus decision-making.
Index of World War II articles (S) | Wikipedia audio article
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Speaking Rate: 0.8024483061731347
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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S-1 Uranium Committee
S-50
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BMW | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:22 1 History
00:01:32 1.1 1916–1923: Aircraft engine production
00:03:32 1.2 1923–1939: Motorcycle and car production
00:04:59 1.3 1939–1945: World War II
00:07:31 1.4 1945–1959: Post-war rebuilding
00:09:29 1.5 1959–1968: Near bankruptcy and New Class
00:12:34 1.6 1968–1978: New Six, 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series
00:13:40 1.7 1978–1989: M division
00:15:13 1.8 1989–1994: 8 Series, hatchbacks
00:16:51 1.9 1994–1999: Rover ownership, Z3
00:18:36 1.10 1999–2006: SUV models, Rolls-Royce
00:20:35 1.11 2006–2013: Shift to turbocharged engines
00:22:47 1.12 2013–present: Electric/hybrid power
00:24:36 1.13 Management
00:25:19 2 Company name and logo
00:27:39 3 Finances
00:28:19 4 Motorcycles
00:33:00 5 Automobiles
00:35:17 5.1 i models
00:39:06 5.2 M models
00:40:15 5.3 Naming convention for models
00:41:00 6 Motorsport
00:41:49 7 Involvement in the arts
00:42:20 7.1 Art Cars
00:43:03 7.2 Architecture
00:44:28 7.3 Film
00:45:27 7.4 Visual arts
00:46:13 8 Production
00:48:07 9 Major issues/recalls
00:49:44 10 Sales
00:50:33 11 Industry collaboration
00:51:37 12 Sponsorships
00:52:38 13 Environmental record
00:54:28 14 Bicycles
00:54:56 15 Car-sharing services
00:55:39 16 Overseas subsidiaries
00:55:50 16.1 Brazil
00:56:26 16.2 Canada
00:56:54 16.3 China
00:57:21 16.4 Egypt
00:57:50 16.5 India
00:58:22 16.6 Japan
00:58:40 16.7 Mexico
00:59:10 16.8 South Africa
01:01:21 16.9 United States
01:02:31 16.10 Hungary
01:03:00 17 Marketing
01:03:09 17.1 Slogan
01:03:41 17.2 April Fools
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9339215727022945
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
BMW AG (German: [ˈbeːˈʔɛmˈveː]; originally an initialism for Bayerische Motoren Werke in German, or Bavarian Motor Works in English) is a German multinational company which currently produces luxury automobiles and motorcycles, and also produced aircraft engines until 1945.
The company was founded in 1916 and has its headquarters in Munich, Bavaria. BMW produces motor vehicles in Germany, Brazil, China, India, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 2015, BMW was the world's twelfth largest producer of motor vehicles, with 2,279,503 vehicles produced. The Quandt family are long-term shareholders of the company, with the remaining shares owned by public float.
Automobiles are marketed under the brands BMW (with sub-brands BMW M for performance models and BMW i for plug-in electric cars), Mini and Rolls-Royce. Motorcycles are marketed under the brand BMW Motorrad.
The company has significant motorsport history, especially in touring cars, Formula 1, sports cars and the Isle of Man TT.