104Th Ludlow Massacre memorial service 2018
104TH LUDLOW MASSACRE MEMORIAL SERVICE
In memory of
Frank Manning
Songwriter of Louis Tikas's song
Video Production
Maridina Stavroulaki
All the festivities 23 - 24 June 2018 sponsored by the
City of Trinidad
Foundation of Hellenism of America
Pancretan Association of America
United Mine Workers of America
Hellenic Republic Government
Southern Colorado Coal Miner’s Committee
Southern Colorado Coal Miners Museum
Las Animas County
Special Thanks
Bob Butero
Regional Director United Mine Workers of America
Matt Taylor
Retired Union Official
DR Erica Wills
Labor Law Professor
Michael Alexandrou
President of the Panhellenic Federation of Florida
Michael Servos
President of the Foundation of Hellenism of America
Sarah Nelson
International President of the Association of Flight Attendance
Cecil Roberts
International President of the United Mine Workers of America
George Stavroulakis
Louis Tikas’s Nephew
Economist - Author
Anna & Emmanuel Maragouthakis
Louis Tikas’s Nephews
Copyrights Maridina Stavroulaki
George Stavroulakis
Ludlow, Colorado 2018
by - nc - sa
Colorado Experience: Ludlow Massacre
One of the most significant events in the struggle for labor laws in America played out in Las Animas County in the spring of 1914. With the control of much of Colorado's coal mines in the hands of just a few companies, miners grew increasingly intolerant of low wages and dangerous working conditions. Despite efforts to suppress union activity, the United Mine Workers of America called a strike in September of 1913. Over the next few months, tensions escalated as the striking miners ransacked several mines. The dispute ultimately culminated in a violent clash on April 20, 1914. Despite this tragic outcome, the event sparked national outrage and led the way for workers' rights in America.
For more information visit rmpbs.org/coloradoexperience
Ludlow Massacre // Colorado 2009 // Sam Phillips Interview With Film Makers
Was on Tour With The Band Hobo Monk..and as we were driving We ran into Ludlow ..Said a Prayer and this film Makers ask to interview me..then i found out later that it was to become a historic landmark the next day. Funny How The Universe works sometimes........... The Ludlow Massacre was an attack by the Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel & Iron Company camp guards on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado on April 20, 1914.
The massacre resulted in the violent deaths of between 19 and 25 people; sources vary but all sources include two women and eleven children, asphyxiated and burned to death under a single tent. The deaths occurred after a daylong fight between militia and camp guards against striking workers. Ludlow was the deadliest single incident in the southern Colorado Coal Strike, lasting from September 1913 through December 1914. The strike was organized by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) against coal mining companies in Colorado. The three largest companies involved were the Rockefeller family-owned Colorado Fuel & Iron Company (CF&I), the Rocky Mountain Fuel Company (RMF), and the Victor-American Fuel Company (VAF).
In retaliation for Ludlow, the miners armed themselves and attacked dozens of mines over the next ten days, destroying property and engaging in several skirmishes with the Colorado National Guard along a 40-mile front from Trinidad to Walsenburg.[1] The entire strike would cost between 69 and 199 lives. Thomas Franklin Andrews described it as the deadliest strike in the history of the United States.[2]
The Ludlow Massacre was a watershed moment in American labor relations. Historian Howard Zinn described the Ludlow Massacre as the culminating act of perhaps the most violent struggle between corporate power and laboring men in American history.[3] Congress responded to public outcry by directing the House Committee on Mines and Mining to investigate the incident.[4] Its report, published in 1915, was influential in promoting child labor laws and an eight-hour work day.
The Ludlow site, 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Trinidad, Colorado, is now a ghost town. The massacre site is owned by the UMWA, which erected a granite monument in memory of the miners and their families who died that day.[5] The Ludlow Tent Colony Site was designated a National Historic Landmark on January 16, 2009, and dedicated on June 28, 2009.[5] Modern archeological investigation largely supports the strikers' reports of the event.[
Southern Colorado to Taos
The first part of this video is at Lathrop State Park just outside of Walsenburg, Colorado. I walked barefoot on some of the brush and fell immediately to the ground so I could pull thorns out of my feet. I don't know how River can stand it. He does seem to love to play in the water, which I'm thrilled about. Because I do, too.
On the way to Taos, we stopped at Palisades Sill in the Carson National Forest and he played briefly in the water. I think he wanted to cross to the other side, but it was too fast of a River.
And the last thirty seconds is the historic downtown of Taos New Mexico as seen from the car.
Scenes in Trinidad, Co - 1949
Taken from vintage 8mm home movies - scenes of the streets of Trinidad, Colorado, an old mining town, dated 1949.
Wahatoya (Breasts of the Earth)
These remarkable mountains were formed when a basalt magma bullet came up from deep within the earth and struck a brittle rhyolite cap, shattering it like glass, and raising it up into a dome. The hard basalt filled the cracks, and as erosion wears away the softer rhyolite, the basalt dikes remain- up to 200 feet tall, ten to twenty feet thick, like a system of Great China Walls radiating out from the peaks in all directions for many miles. .
On the east slope of East Spanish Peak are large coal seams exposed by orogeny of these peaks, and was Ludlow, site of the Ludlow Massacre that led to worker reforms and creation of unions to protect worker rights.
The Ludlow Massacre was an attack by the Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel & Iron Company camp guards on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado, on April 20, 1914. 26 people, including miners' wives and children, were killed. The chief owner of the mine, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was widely criticized for the incident.
The massacre, the culmination of a bloody widespread strike against Colorado coal mines, resulted in the violent deaths of two women and eleven children, asphyxiated and burned to death under a single tent. The deaths occurred after a daylong fight between militia and camp guards against striking workers. Ludlow was the deadliest single incident in the southern Colorado Coal Strike, which lasted from September 1913 through December 1914. The strike was organized by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) against coal mining companies in Colorado. The three largest companies involved were the Rockefeller family-owned Colorado Fuel & Iron Company (CF&I), the Rocky Mountain Fuel Company(RMF), and the Victor-American Fuel Company (VAF).
In retaliation for Ludlow, the miners armed themselves and attacked dozens of mines over the next ten days, destroying property and engaging in several skirmishes with the Colorado National Guard along a 40-mile front from Trinidad to Walsenburg. The entire strike would cost 199 lives. Thomas G. Andrews described it as the deadliest strike in the history of the United States.
The Ludlow Massacre was a watershed moment in American labor relations. Historian Howard Zinn described the Ludlow Massacre as the culminating act of perhaps the most violent struggle between corporate power and laboring men in American history.The Ludlow Tent Colony Site was designated a National Historic Landmark on January 16, 2009, and dedicated on June 28, 2009. Modern archeological investigation largely supports the strikers' reports of the event, different from the Rockefeller ownership account. .
JD Rockerfeller was a despot 1%er, and before the republicans drag us back into that kind of America, we will resist! Unfortunately the 1% discovered the world has a huge supply of cheap labor, for which they circumvented the market of American workers. In those countries, they have implemented JD Rockefeller-type work demands, which will inevitably lead to worker resistance and revolt when those people have endured enough. Difference this time is the conflict may be international, and as widespread as their outsourcing is, that might be the next global conflict.
Remember, that is what the GOP stand for. It is what the anti-union boors argue for, rolling on the floor laughing their fat asses off in amusement.
Wahatoya is a Ute (and many other tribes) word meaning Breasts of the Earth. To the Native Americans, these mountains were sacred. The Spanish spell it Huajatolla.
Historic Francisco Fort Museum, La Veta Colorado
Video Produced By
Francisco Fort Museum is nestled at the base of the
Spanish Peaks, in central southern Colorado.
The original adobe fort built in 1862, displays artifacts and collections from the entire
Historic Huerfano County region.
Exhibits of Native American traditions, Hispanic legacy, settlement, ranching, coal mining era and MORE!
September Hours
Friday, Saturday 10:00a.m. - 4:00 p.m.(last guest entrance 3:15)
Sunday 12:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. (last guest entrance 2:15)
Closed for season Oct. 8 until Memorial Day 2013 except for private or special events
please call for info. Francisco Fort Museum 306 Main St POB 263 La Veta CO 81055
719-742-5501
director@franciscofort.org
420 Ludlow Massacre in 1914 Colorado while Woodrow Wilson created the Federal Reserve
Ludlow Massacre was perhaps President Woodrow Wilson's political smoke screen for creating the Federal Reserve while the nation was occupied with this drama in Colorado called the Ludlow Massacre for coal miners rights north of Trinidad Colorado. Imagine 1,200 people in tents. The state gets involved and an accidental fire kills 11 children and two women, a ten day war follows, 76 people died, the Federal Reserve was created. The Clinton's created the Waco incident to distract the public from Watergate, then a year later blew up all of the information that would impeach in the Oklahoma federal building, all government smoke and mirrors. This Ludlow Massacre killed 76 people. Standing Rock is another political smoke screen as we just lost the Philippines, folks.
Cokedale, Colorado Coke ovens
At it's peak, the town of Cokedale was a bustling community of over 1,500 people. It was established in 1906, and the mine shut down in 1947. At the time, miners and their families were giving the option to purchase the homes they were living in for $100 a piece and $50 per lot. Many stayed, however the vast majority left.
As of the 2010 census, there are around 130 people that still live in and call Cokedale home.
For more information on Cokedale's history:
**Special thanks to Jonathan Smith for letting us use his composition.**
[Wikipedia] Ludlow Massacre
The Ludlow Massacre was an attack by the Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel & Iron Company camp guards on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado, on April 20, 1914. About two dozen people, including miners' wives and children, were killed. The chief owner of the mine, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was widely criticized for the incident.
The massacre, the culmination of an extensive strike against Colorado coal mines, resulted in the violent deaths of between 19 and 26 people; reported death tolls vary but include two women and eleven children, asphyxiated and burned to death under a single tent. The deaths occurred after a daylong fight between militia and camp guards against striking workers. Ludlow was the deadliest single incident in the southern Colorado Coal Strike, which lasted from September 1913 through December 1914. The strike was organized by the United Mine Workers of America against coal mining companies in Colorado. The three largest companies involved were the Rockefeller family-owned Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, the Rocky Mountain Fuel Company, and the Victor-American Fuel Company.
In retaliation for Ludlow, the miners armed themselves and attacked dozens of mines over the next ten days, destroying property and engaging in several skirmishes with the Colorado National Guard along a 40-mile front from Trinidad to Walsenburg. The entire strike would cost between 69 and 199 lives. Thomas G. Andrews described it as the deadliest strike in the history of the United States.
The Ludlow Massacre was a watershed moment in American labor relations. Historian Howard Zinn described the Ludlow Massacre as the culminating act of perhaps the most violent struggle between corporate power and laboring men in American history. Congress responded to public outcry by directing the House Committee on Mines and Mining to investigate the incident. Its report, published in 1915, was influential in promoting child labor laws and an eight-hour work day.
The Ludlow site, 18 miles northwest of Trinidad, Colorado, is now a ghost town. The massacre site is owned by the United Mine Workers of America, which erected a granite monument in memory of the miners and their families who died that day. The Ludlow Tent Colony Site was designated a National Historic Landmark on January 16, 2009, and dedicated on June 28, 2009. Modern archeological investigation largely supports the strikers' reports of the event.
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S. Colorado Hwy Of Legends Part 3
Video Produced By
Come, Visit Southern Colorado's Scenic Highway of Legends. This is truly one of the most unique and beautiful drives in the state. The Byway follows sections of I-25, State Hwy. 12, U.S. Hwy. 160 and Cordova Pass Road in circular fashion around the East and West Spanish Peaks. Gateways to the Byway can be found in Walsenburg, Aguilar, Trinidad and La Veta.
Come, visit the sites of some of the most notable events and waypoints in Colorado History. See the land where coal was king in Walsenburg and where the strife between owners and laborers reached a climax at the infamous Ludlow Massacre took place in 1914. See the historic City of Trinidad, where westward bound pioneers reached the banks of the Puratoire River after crossing the high plains on the Northern Branch of the Santa Fe Trail. Come, experience an unspoiled alpine setting as you wind your way through the Sangre De Cristo Mountain Range and through some of the most unique geological features in the World, the Radial Dikes. Take a hike or have a picnic along in the remote wilderness that surrounds Cordova Pass. Come and visit the enchanting Village of Cuchara. Ride the Rio Grande Scenic Railroad or play the links at Grandote Peaks Golf Course in the tiny Artist's Colony of La Veta.
Come, Discover the other Colorado. Visit the Scenic Highway of Legends
Colorado | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Colorado
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Colorado ( (listen), other variants) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state. The estimated population of Colorado was 5,607,154 on July 1, 2017, an increase of 11.49% since the 2010 United States Census.The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains. The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state. Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners. Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands. Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States, and is one of the Mountain States.
Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado. Residents of the state are known as Coloradans, although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used.Unlike its neighbors to the north, west and east, Colorado has been recognized as a strongly socially liberal state. Same-sex marriage in Colorado has been legal since 2014, and it was the second state in the U.S. (after Washington) to legalize recreational cannabis. The state is known for its progressive views on abortion and assisted suicide; Coloradans rejected a 2008 referendum that would have criminalized abortion, and approved a measure in 2016 that legalized assisted suicide in the state, and remains one of six states (along with the District of Columbia) to have legalized assisted suicide. In 2018, Colorado became the first state in the United States to elect an openly gay governor, Jared Polis, in the 2018 gubernatorial election.
Colorado | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Colorado
00:02:28 1 Geography
00:03:51 1.1 Mountains
00:04:40 1.2 Plains
00:06:03 1.3 Front range
00:06:54 1.4 Continental Divide
00:07:52 1.5 Southern region
00:08:38 1.6 Peaks
00:10:11 1.7 Colorado Western Slope
00:13:53 2 Climate
00:14:50 2.1 Eastern Plains
00:17:06 2.2 Front range foothills
00:17:54 2.3 Extreme weather
00:20:47 2.4 Records
00:21:17 2.5 Earthquakes
00:22:17 3 History
00:27:28 3.1 Territory act
00:31:32 3.2 Statehood
00:34:01 4 Demographics
00:39:08 4.1 Birth data
00:39:54 4.2 Language
00:40:14 4.3 Religion
00:41:07 4.4 Health
00:41:45 5 Culture
00:41:56 5.1 Fine arts
00:42:09 5.1.1 Film
00:43:32 5.2 Cuisine
00:44:16 5.3 Wine and beer
00:45:46 5.4 Marijuana and hemp
00:47:07 5.4.1 Medicinal use
00:48:15 5.4.2 Recreational use
00:48:46 5.5 Sports
00:49:26 5.5.1 Professional sports teams
00:49:35 5.5.2 College athletics
00:50:08 6 Economy
00:55:14 6.1 Philanthropy
00:55:38 6.2 Natural resources
00:57:43 7 Transportation
01:00:50 8 Government and politics
01:01:00 8.1 State government
01:02:47 8.2 Counties
01:03:31 8.2.1 Metropolitan areas
01:04:58 8.3 Municipalities
01:05:40 8.4 Unincorporated communities
01:06:01 8.5 Special districts
01:09:28 8.6 Federal politics
01:11:44 8.7 Significant bills passed in Colorado
01:12:28 9 Education
01:13:54 10 Military installations
01:15:03 11 Protected areas
01:16:47 12 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Colorado ( (listen), other variants) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state. The estimated population of Colorado was 5,607,154 on July 1, 2017, an increase of 11.49% since the 2010 United States Census.The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains. The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state. Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners. Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers and desert lands. Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States, and is one of the Mountain States.
Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado. Residents of the state are known as Coloradans, although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used.Unlike its neighbors to the north, west and east, Colorado has been recognized as a strongly socially liberal state. Same-sex marriage in Colorado has been legal since 2014, and it was the second state in the U.S. (after Washington) to legalize recreational cannabis. The state is known for its progressive views on abortion and assisted suicide; Coloradans rejected a 2008 referendum that would have criminalized abortion, and approved a measure in 2016 that legalized assisted suicide in the state, and remains one of six states (along with the District of Columbia) to have legalized assisted suicide. In 2018, Colorado became the first state in the United States to elect an openly gay governor, Jared Polis, in the 2018 gubernatorial election.
Colorado | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Colorado
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Colorado ( (listen), other variants) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state. The estimated population of Colorado was 5,607,154 on July 1, 2017, an increase of 11.49% since the 2010 United States Census.The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains. The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state. Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners. Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands. Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States, and is one of the Mountain States.
Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado. Residents of the state are known as Coloradans, although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used.Unlike its neighbors to the north, west and east, Colorado has been recognized as a strongly socially liberal state. Same-sex marriage in Colorado has been legal since 2014, and it was the second state in the U.S. (after Washington) to legalize recreational cannabis. The state is known for its progressive views on abortion and assisted suicide; Coloradans rejected a 2008 referendum that would have criminalized abortion, and approved a measure in 2016 that legalized assisted suicide in the state, and remains one of six states (along with the District of Columbia) to have legalized assisted suicide. In 2018, Colorado became the first state in the United States to elect an openly gay governor, Jared Polis, in the 2018 gubernatorial election.
La Edad Joven de la Tierra (Español)
La Edad Joven de la Tierra (Español)
(Usted puede traducir los subtítulos en su propio idioma)
La Edad Joven de la Tierra es un corto documental que explica cómo un ser creado, joven Tierra, es compatible con una gran cantidad de evidencias de campo y el relato del Génesis de la creación en seis días literales. Dr. Robert V. Gentry y su hijo, David presentan jóvenes evidencias tierra que apoyan la formación rápida de carbón tales como halos de polonio en madera coalified y los asombrosamente puros yacimientos de carbón gigantes de Powder River Basin. Estas capas de carbón, a veces cientos de metros de espesor, se explican mejor mediante una deposición rápida y entierro de miles de millones de toneladas de vegetación por un mecanismo de inundación masiva.
Presente formación de petróleo día en la Cuenca de Guaymas es visto usando material de archivo de aguas profundas desde el sumergible de investigación del océano profundo llamado Alvin (DSV-2). Material de archivo basado aérea y terrestre del Gran Cañón ilustrar características que cuestionan si el río Colorado tallado del cañón durante millones de años. Dr. Walt Castaño habla de su Teoría Hydroplate lo cual es consistente con el modelo de diluvio bíblico. Escenas del centro de visitantes en Dinosaur National Monument se explican de una manera nueva sorprendente. Una explicación de la cavitación incluye cobertura de Glen Canyon Dam, donde la fuerza del agua impulsada catastróficamente se demuestra en los túneles del aliviadero en la presa.
Éxodo 20;11 (RVA)
Porque en seis días hizo Jehová los cielos y la tierra, la mar y todas las cosas que en ellos hay, y reposó en el séptimo día: por tanto Jehová bendijo el día del reposo y lo santificó.
Fossil Butte National Monument también es visitada donde inconsistencias entre la teoría aceptada y pruebas fósiles abundan. El entierro masivo y la deposición de millones de peces exige una teoría del catastrofismo similar a la requerida en el Gran Cañón. Huellas de dinosaurios en las minas de carbón del este de Utah, cerca de Price se documentan y se relacionan con la edad del carbón que se encuentran en. La evidencia publicada a partir de los pozos de perforación profunda en New Mexico retención espectáculo de helio, que es imposible de explicar, excepto por un joven paradigma de la Tierra. Un resumen de la evidencia halos de polonio para una rápida cristalización del granito se da la explicación de las dificultades que plantean a la vista de un planeta en la antigüedad que evoluciona de una fusión en caliente.
ESTE VIDEO FUE SUBIDO CON PERMISO del Dr. Robert Gentry de Earth Science Associates. Usted puede obtener más información en sus sitios web oficiales:
The Young Age of the Earth (English)
O jovem da Terra (Português)
Creación Seminario 1 Edad de la Tierra Dr. Kent Hovind (con subtítulos):
Realmente es la Tierra miles de millones de años? (Con subtítulos):
Una teoría alternativa a la Teoría Hydroplate - La teoría Hovind:
Las huellas dactilares de la Creación - La prueba de que Dios existe! (Español)
Centro del Universo (Español):
Mi sitio web:
Mi canal:
Santa Fe National Historic Trail | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Santa Fe National Historic Trail
00:01:38 1 History
00:03:14 1.1 North–South trade
00:04:27 1.2 Importance of Santa Fe
00:05:53 1.3 Conflict between Texas and Mexico
00:09:44 2 Mother of the railroad
00:11:33 3 Route
00:14:29 4 Challenges
00:15:59 5 Historic preservation
00:16:46 6 Notable features
00:18:22 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century transportation route through central North America that connected Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. Pioneered in 1821 by William Becknell, it served as a vital commercial highway until the introduction of the railroad to Santa Fe in 1880. Santa Fe was near the end of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, which carried trade from Mexico City.
The route skirted the northern edge and crossed the north-western corner of Comancheria, the territory of the Comanches, who demanded compensation for granting passage to the trail, and represented another market for American traders. Comanche raiding farther south in Mexico isolated New Mexico, making it more dependent on the American trade, and provided the Comanches with a steady supply of horses for sale. By the 1840s, trail traffic along the Arkansas Valley was so heavy that bison herds could not reach important seasonal grazing land, contributing to their collapse, which in turn hastened the decline of Comanche power in the region.The American army used the trail route in 1846 for the invasion of New Mexico during the Mexican–American War.After the U.S. acquisition of the Southwest ending the war, the trail helped open the region to U.S. economic development and settlement, playing a vital role in the expansion of the U.S. into the lands it had acquired. The road route is commemorated today by the National Park Service as the Santa Fe National Historic Trail. A highway route that roughly follows the trail's path through the entire length of Kansas, the southeast corner of Colorado and northern New Mexico has been designated as the Santa Fe Trail National Scenic Byway.
Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:34 1 Wobbly understanding of the world
00:06:55 1.1 Inspiration
00:10:23 2 Question of political action
00:12:49 3 Early philosophy a compromise
00:14:52 4 IWW vs. the AFL
00:19:19 5 IWW philosophy evolves
00:20:51 5.1 Two guiding principles
00:23:01 5.2 For and against the system
00:24:26 5.3 Political parties and union
00:27:12 5.4 On war
00:28:51 5.5 Ideology and socialism
00:30:34 5.6 To be syndicalist, or not to be syndicalist?
00:36:31 5.7 Anarchist swing?
00:38:13 5.8 Anarcho-syndicalism
00:40:53 5.9 Contract question
00:53:29 5.9.1 No-strike clause
00:57:14 6 Tactics and action
00:57:23 6.1 Direct action
00:59:25 6.1.1 Soapboxing and free speech fights
01:02:04 6.1.2 Conventional strikes
01:03:19 6.1.2.1 Colorado coal strike (a case study)
01:20:33 6.1.3 Intermittent and short strikes
01:22:02 6.1.4 Sit-down strikes
01:24:08 6.1.5 Boycotts
01:25:29 6.1.6 General strike
01:28:32 6.1.6.1 Industrial democracy
01:30:16 6.1.7 Strike on the job
01:30:50 6.1.8 Silent strike, slowdown and exceptional obedience (work to rule)
01:37:26 6.1.9 Sabotage
01:45:44 6.1.10 Violence
01:49:42 6.1.10.1 Violence and sabotage as tactics
01:53:36 6.1.11 Legislation, injunctions and law
02:01:48 6.2 Minority unionism
02:04:00 6.3 Dues collection
02:04:51 6.4 Boxcar Organizing
02:06:43 7 Publicity and the Wobbly image
02:08:55 8 See also
02:09:15 9 External links
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) is a union of wage workers which was formed in Chicago in 1905 by militant unionists and their supporters due to anger over the conservatism, philosophy, and craft-based structure of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Throughout the early part of the 20th century, the philosophy and tactics of the IWW were frequently in direct conflict with those of the AFL (forerunner of the AFL-CIO) concerning the best ways to organize workers, and how to best improve the society in which they toiled. The AFL had one guiding principle—pure and simple trade unionism, often summarized with the slogan a fair day's pay for a fair day's work. The IWW embraced two guiding principles, fighting like the AFL for better wages, hours, and conditions, but also promoting an eventual, permanent solution to the problems of strikes, injunctions, bull pens, and union scabbing.The AFL and the IWW (whose members are referred to as Wobblies) had very different ideas about the ideal union structure. While the AFL primarily organized workers into their respective crafts, the IWW was created as an industrial union, placing all workers in a factory, mine, mill, or other place of business into the same industrial organization. The IWW also promotes the class-based concept of One Big Union.
The IWW was formed by militant unionists, socialists, anarchists, and other labor radicals who believed that the great mass of workers are exploited by, and are in an economic struggle with, an employing class. The IWW employed a great diversity of tactics aimed at organizing all workers as a class, seeking greater economic justice on the job and, ultimately, the overthrow of the wage system which they believe is most responsible for keeping workers in subjugation. Such tactics are generally described as direct action, which is distinguished from other types of reform efforts such as electoral politics. IWW members believe that change accomplished via politics depends upon appeal to members of a ruling class who derive benefit from the subservient quiescence of the working class.
While other unions (such as the CIO) adopted form and tactics—notably, industrial unionism and the sitdown strike—which were developed or pioneered by the IWW, labor laws passed by legislatures have sought to ...
Auburn Coach Wife Kristi Malzahn Agrees with Match & eHarmony: Men are Jerks
My advice is this: Settle! That's right. Don't worry about passion or intense connection. Don't nix a guy based on his annoying habit of yelling Bravo! in movie theaters. Overlook his halitosis or abysmal sense of aesthetics. Because if you want to have the infrastructure in place to have a family, settling is the way to go. Based on my observations, in fact, settling will probably make you happier in the long run, since many of those who marry with great expectations become more disillusioned with each passing year. (It's hard to maintain that level of zing when the conversation morphs into discussions about who's changing the diapers or balancing the checkbook.)
Obviously, I wasn't always an advocate of settling. In fact, it took not settling to make me realize that settling is the better option, and even though settling is a rampant phenomenon, talking about it in a positive light makes people profoundly uncomfortable. Whenever I make the case for settling, people look at me with creased brows of disapproval or frowns of disappointment, the way a child might look at an older sibling who just informed her that Jerry's Kids aren't going to walk, even if you send them money. It's not only politically incorrect to get behind settling, it's downright un-American. Our culture tells us to keep our eyes on the prize (while our mothers, who know better, tell us not to be so picky), and the theme of holding out for true love (whatever that is—look at the divorce rate) permeates our collective mentality.
Even situation comedies, starting in the 1970s with The Mary Tyler Moore Show and going all the way to Friends, feature endearing single women in the dating trenches, and there's supposed to be something romantic and even heroic about their search for true love. Of course, the crucial difference is that, whereas the earlier series begins after Mary has been jilted by her fiancé, the more modern-day Friends opens as Rachel Green leaves her nice-guy orthodontist fiancé at the altar simply because she isn't feeling it. But either way, in episode after episode, as both women continue to be unlucky in love, settling starts to look pretty darn appealing. Mary is supposed to be contentedly independent and fulfilled by her newsroom family, but in fact her life seems lonely. Are we to assume that at the end of the series, Mary, by then in her late 30s, found her soul mate after the lights in the newsroom went out and her work family was disbanded? If her experience was anything like mine or that of my single friends, it's unlikely.
And while Rachel and her supposed soul mate, Ross, finally get together (for the umpteenth time) in the finale of Friends, do we feel confident that she'll be happier with Ross than she would have been had she settled down with Barry, the orthodontist, 10 years earlier? She and Ross have passion but have never had long-term stability, and the fireworks she experiences with him but not with Barry might actually turn out to be a liability, given how many times their relationship has already gone up in flames. It's equally questionable whether Sex and the City's Carrie Bradshaw, who cheated on her kindhearted and generous boyfriend, Aidan, only to end up with the more exciting but self-absorbed Mr. Big, will be better off in the framework of marriage and family. (Some time after the breakup, when Carrie ran into Aidan on the street, he was carrying his infant in a Baby Björn. Can anyone imagine Mr. Big walking around with a Björn?)