Poland Rediscovered: Kraków, Auschwitz, and Warsaw
Rick Steves' Europe Travel Guide | Kraków's bubbly Baroque and cobbled charm is emerging as the exciting next Prague. Nearby, a visit to Auschwitz teaches us a timeless, soul-searching lesson. Systematically destroyed during World War II, Warsaw is a lively, thriving capital once again. |
© 2004 Rick Steves' Europe
Jan Józef Lipski - Stalinism in Poland (26/215)
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Jan Józef Lipski (1926-1991) was a writer, literary critic, and one of Poland's best known political activists. He fought in the Warsaw Uprising, co-founded the Workers' Defence Committee (KOR), and, from 1987, re-established and led the Polish Socialist Party. [Listener: Jacek Petrycki, Marcel Łoziński; date recorded: 1989]
TRANSCRIPT: The question is, when did the Stalinist years really begin? This depends on the points of view of individual people and on their experiences. If a person found themselves in prison in '45, for example, and didn't come out until October or in any case, not long before October, then for them, this would have been a period of uniform Stalinism, because throughout that time the prisons were dreary places and it was bad in there. They killed people and they tortured them. These, of course, are categories for people who weren't imprisoned, who in that more normal life were 'free' in inverted commas – because that's the only way of referring to it – who participated in it, because otherwise there's no point in talking about these things. In the cultural life, it simply began after the Szczecin rally and the declarations made there relating to cultural life. Of course, it was happening on various levels, it was the cycle that initiated the unification of the Party, had the situation progressed enough at that point? Definitely by 1950, these various changes had moved ahead far enough that from then, we were dealing with total, genuine Stalinism. It took the form of fear, informants, various way of spying on people who looked in any way suspicious, a great deal of activity on the part of the secret services. Cultural life became ever more dreary. Above all, from the point of view that I had, that is, at the university where I was still a student, there were the galloping changes that were occurring among very many people of my generation.
Hungarian Uprising, Budapest (1956)
A rise of protests by students and workers waving Hungarian flags with the communist emblem in the centre cut out arose in Budapest, erupting into active fighting in October 1956.
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Narrator:
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Animation:
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Artwork:
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Logo of the Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance
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Forgotten Leaders. Episode 4. Semyon Budyonny. Documentary. English Subtitles. StarMediaEN
All Episodes of Forgotten Leaders
The project provisionally titled “Forgotten Leaders” is a series of seven films, each featuring an individual from the leaders of the Soviet state in power during the time period from 1920 to 1953. Each episode is a filmed portrait depicting the story of life, political and public activities of its hero. The heroes of “The Forgotten Leaders” are
individuals ambiguous from the perspective of the Russian and world’s history and odious and often sharply negative in the eyes of public consciousness. Unfortunately, when labeling, we often forget that “each individual
is a tangle of contradictions” and that “history is written by the victors”. Seven men. Seven lives. One era. What was behind their decisions and at what was the price they paid for their deeds?
Type: historical reenactment
Genre: docudrama
Year of production: 2016
Number of episodes: 8
Directed by: Pavel Sergatskov
Written by: Aleksandr Kolpakydy, Egor Vasilyev, Aleksandr Lukyanov, Vasiliy Shevtsov, Inna Nechaykyna
Production designer: Aleksandr Khilyarevskiy
Director of photography: Aleksandr Kiper
Music by: Boris Kukoba
Producers: Valeriy Babich , Vlad Ryashin
Cast: Farid Takhiev, Roman Vusotskiy, Sergey Tishin, Aleksandr Suvorov, Anton Morozov, Aleksey Ustinov, Adam Bulkhuchev
Forgotten Leaders. Episode 4. Vyacheslav Molotov. Documentary. English Subtitles. StarMediaEN
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Jan Józef Lipski - Historical significance of the political changes in Poland (205/215)
To listen to more of Jan Józef Lipski’s stories, go to the playlist:
Jan Józef Lipski (1926-1991) was a writer, literary critic, and one of Poland's best known political activists. He fought in the Warsaw Uprising, co-founded the Workers' Defence Committee (KOR), and, from 1987, re-established and led the Polish Socialist Party. [Listener: Jacek Petrycki, Marcel Łoziński; date recorded: 1989]
TRANSCRIPT: In my opinion, the appearance not just in Polish but in European politics, of a new government with a non-communist Prime Minister is of enormous significance because it will make a huge difference to the political order within the Bloc, but it'll be more than this. I think that the compromises which were reached then will allow our country to come through that dreadful, appalling situation without a social explosion. A social explosion would change the entire order of political power not just in Poland, not just in the Communist Bloc, but in the whole of Europe or even in the world. This is why I hope that this government will protect not just Poland from the worst case scenario, meaning, in Poland it could lead to blood being spilled, but for the rest of the world it could lead to the departure... no, not exactly the departure but the sweeping up by more conservative political powers within Gorbachev's team in the Soviet Union, neo-Stalinist forces. For this sort of situation to arise, compromises had to be made. Society does not always understand the reasons for some of these compromises. The question arises, were all of the compromises unavoidable? In general, I believe they were necessary and we couldn't have done without them which is why I think those people who say this was a pivotal historical moment are right.
1,7 million Poles deported to the Soviet Union 2WW
In the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasion of Poland (September, 1939) the territory of Poland was divided between the Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (USSR). Both powers were hostile to the Polish culture and the Polish people, aiming at their destruction. Before Operation Barbarossa, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union coordinated their Poland-related policies, most visibly in the four Gestapo-NKVD Conferences, where the occupants discussed plans for dealing with the Polish resistance movement and future destruction of Poland.
There is some controversy as to whether Soviet policies were harsher than those of the Nazis.
By the end of Polish Defensive War the Soviet Union took over 52.1% of territory of Poland (circa 200,000 km2), with over 13,700,000 people. The estimates vary; Elżbieta Trela-Mazur gives the following numbers in regards to ethnic composition of these areas: 38% Poles (ca. 5,1 million people), 37% Ukrainians, 14,5% Belarusians, 8,4% Jews, 0,9% Russians and 0,6% Germans. There were also 336,000 refugees from areas occupied by Germany, most of them Jews (198,000).[5] Areas occupied by USSR were annexed to Soviet territory, with the exception of area of Wilno, which was transferred to Lithuania, although soon attached to USSR, when Lithuania became a Soviet republic.
Initially the Soviet occupation gained support among some members the non-Polish population who had chafed under the nationalist policies of the Second Polish Republic. Much of the Ukrainian population[citation needed] initially welcomed the unification with the rest of Ukraine which Ukrainians had failed to achieve in 1919 when their attempt for self-determination was crushed by Poland and Soviet Union.
There were large groups of pre-war Polish citizens, notably Jewish youth and, to a lesser extent, the Ukrainian peasants, who saw the Soviet power as an opportunity to start political or social activity outside of their traditional ethnic or cultural groups. Their enthusiasm however faded with time as it became clear that the Soviet repressions were aimed at all groups equally, regardless of their political stance.
The Soviets arrested and imprisoned about 500,000 Poles during 1939-1941, including former officials, officers, and natural enemies of the people, like the clergy. This was about one in ten of all adult males. The Soviets also executed about 65,000 Poles.
In one notorious massacre, the NKVD-the Soviet secret police--systematically executed 21,768 Poles, among them 14,471 former Polish officers, including political leaders, government officials, and intellectuals.3 Some 4,254 of these were uncovered in mass graves in Katyn Forest by the Nazis in 1943, who then invited an international group of neutral representatives and doctors to study the corpses and confirm Soviet guilt.
The Soviet Union had ceased to recognise the Polish state at the start of the invasion. As a result, the two governments never officially declared war on each other. The Soviets therefore did not classify Polish military prisoners as prisoners of war but as rebels against the new legal government of Western Ukraine and Western Byelorussia.[n] The Soviets killed tens of thousands of Polish prisoners of war. Some, like General Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński, who was captured, interrogated and shot on 22 September, were executed during the campaign itself. On 24 September, the Soviets killed forty-two staff and patients of a Polish military hospital in the village of Grabowiec, near Zamość. The Soviets also executed all the Polish officers they captured after the Battle of Szack, on 28 September. Over 20,000 Polish military personnel and civilians perished in the Katyn massacre.
POLAND - WikiVidi Documentary
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a sovereign country in Central Europe. It is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312679 km2 with a mostly temperate climate. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin. The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe with a uniquely liberal political system which declared Europe's fir...
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Shortcuts to chapters:
00:03:54: Etymology
00:04:29: Prehistory and protohistory
00:06:03: Piast dynasty
00:10:19: Jagiellon dynasty
00:13:41: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:18:20: Partitions
00:21:28: Era of insurrections
00:26:58: Reconstruction
00:30:40: World War II
00:38:45: Post-war communism
00:41:58: Present-day
00:45:42: Geography
00:47:24: Geology
00:50:40: Waters
00:55:58: Land use
00:57:39: Biodiversity
00:59:21: Climate
01:01:04: Politics
01:03:31: Law
01:07:31: Foreign relations
01:10:20: Administrative divisions
01:11:15: Military
01:15:26: Law enforcement and emergency services
01:16:56: Economy
01:21:14: Corporations
01:22:48: Tourism
01:24:55: Energy
01:26:43: Transport
01:30:42: Science and technology
01:32:44: Communications
01:34:24: Demographics
01:38:07: Languages
01:39:57: Religion
01:44:47: Health
01:46:45: Education
01:49:26: Culture
01:50:25: Famous people
01:51:39: Society
01:54:06: Music
01:58:10: Art
02:00:44: Architecture
02:04:53: Literature
02:09:46: Media
02:12:18: Cuisine
02:14:37: Sports
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Genocide. Animated documentary movie
Genocide. Animated documentary movie about crimes done to polish nation since 1939 till present day
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24. The Collapse of Communism and Global Challenges
European Civilization, 1648-1945 (HIST 202)
The disintegration of the Soviet Union resulted from a number of different factors. Three important ones are nationalism among Soviet satellite states, democratic opposition movements, and economic crisis. Along with these elements, the role of Mikhail Gorbachev should not be discounted. Although his attempt to reform communism was rejected, his reformist positions as Soviet premier helped open the way for full-fledged political dissidence. One of the major challenges faced by Europe in the wake of the collapse of communism has been that posed by ethnic nationalism, a problem that erupted violently in the Balkans in the 1990s. Immigration and the defense of human rights are two problems that now confront the United States, as well as a United Europe.
00:00 - Chapter 1. The Fall of Communism: Nationalism, Democratic Reform, and Economic Change
16:47 - Chapter 2. The Dissolution of the Soviet System in the Satellite States of Eastern Europe
29:00 - Chapter 3. Globalization and Americanization in Europe
31:07 - Chapter 4. Immigration and the European Union
35:21 - Chapter 5. Human Rights in Europe and the United States
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website:
This course was recorded in Fall 2008.
Battle of Moscow 1941 - Nazi Germany vs Soviet Union [HD]
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The Battle of Moscow is the name given by Soviet historians to two periods of strategically significant fighting on a 600 km (370 mi) sector of the Eastern Front during World War II. It took place between October 1941 and January 1942. The Soviet defensive effort frustrated Hitler's attack on Moscow, capital of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the largest Soviet city. Moscow was one of the primary military and political objectives for Axis forces in their invasion of the Soviet Union.
Poland on Her Own - WW2 - 003 September 15 1939
When the Wehrmacht and the SS continue devastating Poland and her people in the first weeks of September, her last chance is her western allies.
Between 2 Wars:
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Written and Hosted by: Indy Neidell
Produced and Directed by: Spartacus Olsson and Astrid Deinhard
Executive Producers: Bodo Rittenauer, Astrid Deinhard, Indy Neidell, Spartacus Olsson
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Research: Indy Neidell
Edited by: Spartacus Olsson
A TimeGhost chronological documentary produced by OnLion Entertainment GmbH
Israel funeral for last survivor of Treblinka
(22 Feb 2016) RESTRICTION SUMMARY: AP CLIENTS ONLY
AP TELEVISION - AP CLIENTS ONLY
Udim - 22 February 2016:
1. Wide of funeral of Samuel Willenberg, survivor of Treblinka concentration camp
2. Close of coffin
3. Various of funeral service, mourners
4. Israeli president Reuven Rivlin speaking at funeral
5 . SOUNDBITE (Hebrew) Reuven Rivlin, Israeli President:
Samuel, I came here today to tell you - you are a hero. And what a hero, Samuel. You are a symbol of heroism. A symbol for an entire generation of Holocaust survivors. Heroes. Strong and courageous people. Invincible. Optimistic. Who survived the destruction and could grow once again. Who experienced the horror and chose life.
6. Various of relatives bringing coffin to grave for burial
AP TELEVISION - AP CLIENTS ONLY
FILE: Tel Aviv - 31 October 2010
7. Pan interior of studio with sculptures
8. Pan from sculpture to Samuel Willenberg, (at the time) one of two remaining survivors of Treblinka concentration camp
9. Willenberg explaining a sculpture
10. SOUNDBITE (Hebrew) Samuel Willenberg, Survivor of Treblinka concentration camp:
The world cannot forget Treblinka, which was not a very big camp, 100 or so dunams (1 dunam equals 1,000 square metres or 1,200 square yards), but what a tragedy.
11. Willenberg sculpture in front of map of Treblinka
12. Mid of sculpture
13. Willenberg pointing at Treblinka map
14. SOUNDBITE (Hebrew) Samuel Willenberg, Survivor of Treblinka concentration camp:
It's by chance, by chance. It's not because of God, because there was no God there. He wasn't there. He was on holiday.
15. Willenberg leaving office
STORYLINE
The President of Israel on Monday joined a crowd of hundreds for the funeral of Samuel Willenberg, the last survivor of Treblinka concentration camp who passed away earlier this week.
Reuven Rivlin spoke at the funeral and praised Willenberg as a hero who had the strength to rebuild his life in the aftermath of the Holocaust.
Willenberg was the last survivor of the Nazi death camp in occupied Poland where 875,000 people were systematically murdered.
Only 67 people are known to have survived the camp, fleeing in a revolt shortly before it was destroyed.
Treblinka holds a notorious place in history as perhaps the most vivid example of the Final Solution, the Nazi plan to exterminate Europe's Jews.
Unlike at other camps, where some Jews were assigned to forced labour before being killed, nearly all Jews brought to Treblinka were immediately gassed to death.
Only a select few - mostly young, strong men such as Willenberg, who was 20 at the time - were spared an immediate trip to the gas chambers and were assigned to maintenance work instead.
On 2 August, 1943, a group of Jews stole some weapons, set fire to the camp and made for the woods.
Hundreds fled, but most were shot dead by Nazi troops, killed in the surrounding mine fields, or captured by Polish villagers who delivered them back to Treblinka.
The few survivors became the only source of knowledge about Treblinka, since the Nazis all but destroyed it in a frantic bid to cover their tracks.
In an interview with AP in October 2010, Willenberg said he was shot in the leg as he climbed over bodies piled up at the barbed wire fence, but managed to catapult himself over.
He kept running, ignoring dead friends in his path.
He said his blue eyes and non-Jewish look allowed him to survive in the countryside before arriving in Warsaw and joining the Polish underground.
Later in life, he took up sculpture as a way to express his experiences.
The death toll at Treblinka was second only to Auschwitz - a prison camp where more than a million people died in gas chambers, as well as from starvation, disease and forced labour.
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History of the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) from 1951 to 1991
Mr. Sam Rainsy, CNRP Acting President, expose a period of Cambodia's history (from 1951 to 1991) that has been hidden from the Cambodian people.
History of the Jews in Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the Jews in Poland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
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SUMMARY
=======
The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over 1,000 years. For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Jewish community in the world. Poland was a principal center of Jewish culture, thanks to a long period of statutory religious tolerance and social autonomy. This ended with the Partitions of Poland which began in 1772, in particular, with the discrimination and persecution of Jews in the Russian Empire. During World War II there was a nearly complete genocidal destruction of the Polish Jewish community by Nazi Germany and its collaborators, during the 1939–1945 German occupation of Poland and the ensuing Holocaust. Since the fall of communism in Poland, there has been a Jewish revival, featuring an annual Jewish Culture Festival, new study programs at Polish secondary schools and universities, the work of synagogues such as the Nożyk Synagogue, and Warsaw's Museum of the History of Polish Jews.
From the founding of the Kingdom of Poland in 1025 through to the early years of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth created in 1569, Poland was the most tolerant country in Europe. Known as paradisus iudaeorum (Latin for Paradise of the Jews), it became a shelter for persecuted and expelled European Jewish communities and the home to the world's largest Jewish community of the time. According to some sources, about three-quarters of the world's Jews lived in Poland by the middle of the 16th century. With the weakening of the Commonwealth and growing religious strife (due to the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation), Poland's traditional tolerance began to wane from the 17th century onward. After the Partitions of Poland in 1795 and the destruction of Poland as a sovereign state, Polish Jews were subject to the laws of the partitioning powers, the increasingly antisemitic Russian Empire, as well as Austria-Hungary and Kingdom of Prussia (later a part of the German Empire). Still, as Poland regained independence in the aftermath of World War I, it was the center of the European Jewish world with one of the world's largest Jewish communities of over 3 million. Antisemitism was a growing problem throughout Europe in those years, from both the political establishment and the general population.At the start of World War II, Poland was partitioned between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (see Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact). One-fifth of the Polish population perished during World War II, half of them were 3,000,000 Polish Jews murdered in The Holocaust, constituting 90% of Polish Jewry. Although the Holocaust occurred largely in German-occupied Poland, there was little collaboration with the Nazis by its citizens. Collaboration by individual Poles has been described as smaller than in other occupied countries. Statistics of the Israeli War Crimes Commission indicate that less than 0.1% of Poles collaborated with the Nazis. Examples of Polish attitudes to German atrocities varied widely, from actively risking death in order to save Jewish lives, and passive refusal to inform on them; to indifference, blackmail, and in extreme cases, participation in pogroms such as the Jedwabne pogrom. Grouped by nationality, Poles represent the largest number of people who rescued Jews during the Holocaust.
In the post-war period, many of the approximately 200,000 Jewish survivors registered at Central Committee of Polish Jews or CKŻP (of whom 136,000 arrived from the Soviet Union) left the People's Republic of Poland for the nascent State of Israel and North or South America. Their departure was hastened by the destruction of Jewish institutions, post-war violence and the hostility of the Communist Party to both religion and private enterprise, but also because in 1946–1947 Poland was the only Eastern Bloc country to allow free Jewish aliyah to Israel, without visas or exit permits. Britain demanded Poland to halt the exodus, but their pressure was largely unsuccessful. Most o ...
Attempts to Use The Subject of Political Repressions Against Russia (Ruslan Ostashko)
Source:
Oct 31, 2018
Translated and subtitled by Eugenia (numbers in parentheses refer to the translator’s notes below)
Every year in the Fall, when the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repressions established in 1991 approaches, the same situation develops all over again. Gigabytes of lies about the numbers of victims are poured over our heads in order to denigrate the history of the USSR.
(1) Leonid Gozman – a well-known politician with the liberal (in the Russian sense) political agenda; came to some prominence in the 1990s.
(2) The report given to Khrushchev in 1954 by the Attorney General Rudenko, the Interior Minister Kruglov, and the Minister of Justice Gorshenkin describing the exact number of persons sentenced to various prison terms or execution from 1921 to February 1st of 1954.
(3) Dmitry Puchkov (a.k.a. Goblin) – a very popular and influential Russian English-to-Russian translator turned video blogger based in St. Petersburg; makes many educational videos on historical and sociological subjects featuring prominent Russian scientists.
(4) General Andrey Vlasov – the Red Army General, commander of the 2nd Assault Army. He was taken prisoner by the Germans in a cauldron near Leningrad, agreed to cooperate, and became the commander of the Russian Liberation Army that fought on the side of Nazi Germany.
(5) Sandarmokh – a forest massif in Karelia close to the border with Finland. According to the standard narrative, thousand of victims of “Stalin’s repressions” are buried there. However, recent studies and excavations demonstrated that most remains likely belong to the Soviet POWs executed or starved to death by the Finns in the Finnish concentrations camps.
History: UKRAINE
Crimea:
Cossacks helped Russia get Crimea from Turkey 39:43
Donbas (East) 56:55
Crimea turned over to Ukraine 2:16:28
Russia 12:46 / 31:16
UKRAINE - THE BIRTH OF A NATION (2008) / A Jerzy Hoffman Film
1:34 Kyiv (401 - 500)
2:16 Byzantium (330–1453)
2:45 Princess Olga (890 - 969) adopted Christianity
3:28 Chersonesus in Crimea
4:06 Volodymyr the Great (958 - 1015)
4:29 Prince Yaroslav the Wise (978 - 1054)
4:39 Saint Sophia's Cathedral (1100)
5:31 Anna the Queen of France (1030 – 1075)
6:41 Volodymyr II Monomakh (1053-1125)
7:20 Yuri Dolgorukiy (1099 - 1157)
7:26 Moscow
7:37 The Mongols
10:16 The Principality of Galicia–Volhynia or Kingdom of Rus
10:49 Lviv
12:37 Ivan III of Russia (1440-1505)
12:46 The myth about Russia
13:07 Crimea
13:53 Roxolana (1502 – 1558)
15:20 serfdom (Polish oppression)
15:40 printing press
17:14 Zaporizhian Sich
18:33 Ukraine replaces the name Rus
18:40 cossack
20:15 Brest Union
20:18 The uniates
21:08 Hetman Sagaidachny (1570 - 1622)
23:05 Orthodoxy
23:28 Yarema Vyshnevetsky (1612 – 1651)
23:31 Catholicism
24:54 Bohdan Khmelnytsky (1595 – 1657)
30:04 The Pereyaslav Council -------------------------------------------------1654
34:39 Ivan Mazepa (1639 - 1709)
37:06 The Battle of Poltava on 27 June 1709
40:11 Zaporizhian Sich (1552-1709)
40:27 Solovki
French Revolution--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1789
47:03 Dumy - historical ballads
48:18 Greek Catholic Church banned
48:49 Kyiv University (1833)
49:48 The Order of Basilian Fathers
50:55 Taras Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) (age 47)
54:57 Blue and yellow banner
55:45 The Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood
56:32 national liberation movement
56:55 Crimean War ----------------------------------------------------- 1853 to 1856
57:07 Alexander II (1818 - 1881) abolished serfdom
57:26 city of Donetsk (1868)
58:56 Green wedge
59:23 Volodymyr Antonovych (1834 - 1908)
59:28 Mykhailo Drahomanov (1841-1895 )
1:00:42 Lesya Ukrainka (1871 - 1913) (aged 42)
1:02:13 The Shevchenko Scientific Society (1873 )
1:11:03 Mykhailo Hrushevsky
1:03:27 Ivan Franko (1856 - 1916)
1:04:22 History of Ukraine-Ruthenia
1:04:49 Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky (1865 - 1944) 1:45:42
1:06:31 World War I------------------------------------------------------------------1914
1:07:32 Dmitro Dontsov (1883 - 1973)
1:07:57 (1914) Russian occupation
1:11:24 Symon Petliura
1:11:24 West Ukrainian People's Republic
1:19:27 Ukrainian Galician Army
1:23:30 Nestor Makhno
1:30:48 The Russian famine ----------------------------------------------------1921
1:41:21 Ukr National Democratic Alliance, (UNDO)
1:42:20 Ukr Sich Riflemen
1:42:43 (UVO) Ukr Military Organization
1:42:51 Yevhen Konovalets
1:43:10 Dmytro Dontsov
1:44:01 The Organization of Ukr Nationalists (OUN)
1:44:52 (1933) Stepan Bandera head of OUN
1:47:07 Avgustyn Voloshyn
1:47:33 Melnyk's and Bandera's
1:39:06 collectivization (1939)
1:38:55 *** ???????????????????????????? ????????????????: !!! ???????????????????? 1:39:33
World War II ----------------------------------------------------------------(1939 - 1945)
1:51:24 The Nachtigall Battalion (Nightingale)
1:51:43 Independent Ukr State
1:44:50 Stepan Bandera (1909 – 1959) -----------------------------------1933
Between Hitler & Stalin: Ukraine in World War II
Wehrmacht Saves Innocent Civilians In Ukraine 1941
1:53:42 Babi Yar
1:55:40 partisan warfare
1:44:01 Organization of Ukr Nationalists (OUN)
1:57:42 Roman Shukhevych
1:58:37 Volyn
1:58:57 UPA - Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2:00:04 ethnic cleansing (1943)
2:02:32 SS Galicia Division
2:02:33 Banderavists (Bandera) split of OUN (former UVO) 1:47:26
2:02:25 Melnykovites (Melnyk)
2:02:57 SS Galicia crushed by the Red Army
2:04:51 Nikita Khrushchev
2:05:21 Joseph Stalin
1:39:56 RUSYN replaced the term Ukrainian
2:06:14 Gulag
2:06:31 Yalta
2:10:30 Operation Vistula (Polish: Akcja Wisła)
2:12:00 The Greek Catholic Church abolishment
2:12:21 Josyf Slipyj (1893 - 1984)
1:49:25 annexation of the Western Ukraine
2:16:33 turning Crimea over to Ukraine
2:18:25 Thaw (early 1950s to the early 1960s)
2:30:09 (April 26 1986) - Chornobyl disaster
2:35:30 Rukh - Movement
2:37:29 (1991) Declaration of Sovereignty of Ukraine
1:13:48 The Ukr People's Republic of 1918 - 1920
2:50:29 The Orange Revolution (2004)
The Russian Revolution. Episode 4. Docudrama. English Subtitles. StarMediaEN
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The Russian Revolution. Episode 4. Docudrama. English Subtitles. StarMediaEN
Russia’s two revolutions – in February and October 1917, collectively known as ‘The Russian Revolution’, changed Russia beyond recognition. The February Revolution dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and forced the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, ending the imperial Romanov dynasty that had ruled the country for over three hundred years. A few months later in October, Russia was to face a further shock - another revolution.
This epic series, using a stunning mixture of CGI, dramatic reconstruction scenes and unique historic library footage, commemorates the centenary of these two most crucial events in Russian history - the February and the October Revolutions.
Type: TV series
Genre: docudrama
Year of production: 2017
Number of episodes: 8
Directed by: Pavel Tupik
Written by: Aleksandr Danilov
Production designer: Maria Zolina
Director of photography: Dmitriy Triphonov
Music by: Boris Kukoba
Producers: Valeriy Babich, Vlad Ryashin
Cast: Denis Moiseev, Ivan Brovin, Semion Mendelson, Andrey Levin, Arthur Litvinov, Aleksandr Ronis, Andrey Zarubin
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House Judiciary Committee Debates on Articles of Impeachment
The House Judiciary Committee debates two articles of impeachment against President Trump: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. Watch LIVE on C-SPAN3, listen on C-SPAN Radio and watch online at c-span.org
A Speech to Europe 2019 | Timothy Snyder - Judenplatz 1010
Why are values and standards essential? How can we live up to ‘never again’ in an era this fragile? The keynote address of American historian Timothy Snyder on the Judenplatz square in Vienna will take place on Europe Day 2019 and simultaneously serve as a kick-off for the Wiener Festwochen, which will open on 10 May.
This format is scheduled to become an annual event: starting in 2019, a public lecture will be delivered on the occasion of Europe Day. The date and location are not incidental. Judenplatz square in Vienna is, in its very essence, a site of European history second to none. Every year, we will ask anew: which text is to be derived from this urban space today? In any case, it will be a text that rewrites the European narrative from which present-day Europe has emerged.
It is also a contribution seeking to anchor our idea of Europe, which has ensured peace for so many years, in the centre of the city and our awareness.
ERSTE Foundation has initiated a public lecture, which will be held annually at Judenplatz as of 2019, in honour of Europe Day. An event organised by Wiener Festwochen, ERSTE Foundation and the Institute for Human Sciences.
The ERSTE Foundation Tipping Point Talks 2019
#tptalks2019
Helsinki and Tallinn: Baltic Sisters
Rick Steves' Europe Travel Guide | The fascinating capitals of Finland and Estonia offer a chance to sample each country's history, art, and distinct love of life. We'll start in Helsinki with its Neoclassical old town, modern flair for design, and steamy saunas. Then it's just a two-hour boat ride to Tallinn — with its medieval charms and newfound prosperity — celebrating its freedom and thriving in its post-USSR renaissance.
© 2010 Rick Steves' Europe