Pain relief in labour: epidurals - Lithuanian
Description
Russia: Public pay respects to Rossiya TV journos killed in Ukraine
VideoID: 20140620-034
W/S Two women laying flowers at memorial
C/U Flowers and candles at memorial
W/S People holding upsigns and Ribbon of St. George flags
M/S Men laying flowers while holding up Ribbon of St. George flags
W/S Crowd walking towards the memorial
M/S Man holding up a sign
M/S Signs and flowers
W/S People laying flowers
M/S Roses
C/U Roses
M/S People at memorial site
C/U St. George flags
W/S People surrounding the memorial
SCRIPT
Members of the public continued to lay flowers outside a Moscow TV channel on Friday as a mark of respect to the two Russian journalists who were killed in Ukraine. Igor Kornelyuk and sound technician Anton Voloshin were caught in a barrage of mortar fire on Tuesday while working for Rossiya TV.
While Kornelyuk was buried on Friday, Voloshin's funeral has been delayed due to a request by his parents amid suspicions he may have been targeted and killed by a sniper.
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Putin Holds Press Conference With Germany's Merkel: We Are Committed To Finalize Nord Stream 2
Following the Russian-German talks, Vladimir Putin and Federal Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel made statements for the press and answered journalists’ questions.
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Putin’s Top Priorities: Too Many Regions in Russia Still Haven’t Been Hooked Up to Gas Network
Subscribe to Vesti News
The Minister of Energy reported to the president today on the autumn-winter season in Russia. According to Novak, they can't avoid breakdowns, but they can quickly fix equipment. Speaking of big energy projects, the president reminded the minister that they shouldn't forget about the development of the gas infrastructure in the country.
February 18th, 2018 Broward County Hezbollah Hot Spot? Russia Help?
Russia - Boris Yeltsin Goes On Walkabout In Moscow
TI: 10:36:25
Russian president Boris Yeltsin went for a walk in Moscow Friday
(5/1) and told a crowd that he was thinking and thinking, about
whether to run for a second term as president.
SHOWS:
MOSCOW, RUSSIA 5/1
WS exterior of Kremlin.
MS of children filing into Kremlin.
Yeltsin surrounded by a crowd of parents and children near Palace
of Congress.
Yeltsin SOT (in Russian): I'm working ..well a little bit less
intensively than usual.
Yeltsin SOT: I'm still thinking and thinking whether to run for a
second term (shouts from the crowd)
WS New Year tree and children.
MS shot Yeltsin with microphone saying Hail to New Russia three
times.
WS of crowd.
1.18
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RUSSIA: MOSCOW: VINTAGE CAR RALLY REACHES MOSCOW (V)
Eng/Russ/Nat
VOICED BY: ZARINA BANU
A convoy of vintage Bentley limousines - led by Britain's Prince Michael of Kent - has arrived in Moscow, after a 10-day drive across Europe.
Twelve cars - all produced before 1930 - have travelled from London in a bid to raise money for a burns hospital in the Russian capital..
0.03:
Britain's Prince Michael of Kent nearing the end of a journey which has taken him through Denmark, Sweden and Finland.
The convoy also travelled through Russia and was greeted enthusiastically in Moscow's Red Square.
0.14:
The Prince and his fellow drivers were making the 10-day drive in the name of charity - to raise money for burns' victims.
0.23:
SOUNDBITE: (English)
The whole philosophy is all to do with the prevention of burns. And to do that you need to train people and educate people.
SUPER CAPTION: Prince Michael of Kent
0.34:
The prince was greeted by Moscow's Mayor, Yuri Luzhkov.
The money raised is to go to the city's Speransky Hospital, which specialises in treating burns.
0.43:
The Mayor said it was a pleasure to have Prince Michael of Kent in Moscow working on behalf of charitable causes in the city.
0.57:
But for the Prince, the journey wasn't over yet - he still had to get back to England.
1.04:
VISION ENDS
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Breaking News - Premier League ref Martin Atkinson cycles 1,700 miles to Kaliningrad
A Premier League referee needed no extra time to make it to Kaliningrad after cycling 1,700 miles ahead of England's next game.Martin Atkinson, 47, set off from England's training camp at St George's Park, in Staffordshire, on June 11 and pedalled through France, Belgium, Holland, Germany and Poland before arriving on Wednesday.Joined by his friend Darren Clark, the pair arrived in good time to see England's World Cup group decider against Belgium on Thursday night. Mr Atkinson, from Leeds, in Yorkshire, said: 'We said all along it will be challenging, it will be demanding but I'm really fortunate that myself and Darren can get on a bike and ride a bike and the big thing about doing this for charity is some people can't do that and that's the thing that drives us all the way through.'We get a little bit of pain in the morning when we get on the bike but it's only pain and it's only temporary. RELATED ARTICLES Previous 1 Next Diego Maradona acting up at the World Cup for his new biopic... Gareth Southgate planning to rest Raheem Sterling for... 'My goal turned everything on its head': David Platt on how... It's the celebration game: Roberto Martinez says England... Share this article Share 'I'd like to say I enjoyed it but I might be lying. But it was worth doing and it's been worthwhile seeing that total go up.'The attempt has made nearly £60,000 for four charities, including St David's Hospice Care in Newport, South Wales, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire Charity and Yorkshire Young Achievers Foundation. But the trip did not go completely smoothly, as fellow rider Mike Tomlinson was taken to hospital after falling off his bike just two days before the finish.Mr Tomlinson, the husband of the late Jane Tomlinson, was said to be 'gutted' not to have completed the journey, which was also raising money for the Jane Tomlinson Appeal.Mr Clark, an IT manager from Leeds, said: 'I had a minor fall just as we reached Germany so I clipped a curb and fell off - a few cuts and bruises but nothing major.'And there should be three of us stood here.'Mike Tomlinson - he had a major fall a couple of days ago and has had to fly home to get treatment on his hip.'He's doing OK, just recovering. I've known him a number of years and he will be absolutely gutted.' Mr Atkinson said he hoped England could continue their winning run.'We've seen highlights of the first two games and they've started well by the looks of it. The last game showed just what we can do.'Asked if England could lift the trophy on July 15, he added: 'Well in my lifetime I've not seen it so it'll be great if it does - we've got the potential, we've certainly got the players to do it.'Hopefully for Gareth and the team, they do progress and bring it home for us.'To donate, visit RELATED ARTICLES Previous 1 Next Diego Maradona acting up at the World Cup for his new biopic... Gareth Southgate planning
Putin bans all public gatherings during Sochi Winter Olympics
Russian President Vladimir Putin has issued a decree banning any public protests or gatherings in...
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Russian President Vladimir Putin has issued a decree banning any public protests or gatherings in and around Sochi during next year's Winter Olympic Games.
The decree brought an immediate critical reaction from human and gay rights groups who had planned demonstrations at the games to protest against Russia's anti-homosexual legislation.
The decree also sets up a number of security zones where access will be limited and checks reinforced.
It is the latest scandal to hit the games, as at the start of August Human Rights Watch protested at the harassment of journalists and human rights activists who had been investigating ill-treatment of immigrant workers, environmental damage, and inadequate compensation during the building of the Olympic complex.
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Premier League ref Martin Atkinson cycles 1,700 miles to Kaliningrad
Premier League ref Martin Atkinson cycles 1,700 miles to Kaliningrad
A Premier League referee needed no extra time to make it to Kaliningrad after cycling 1,700 miles ahead of England's next game.Martin Atkinson, 47, set off from England's training camp at St George's Park, in Staffordshire, on June 11 and pedalled through France, Belgium, Holland, Germany and Poland
[Title], Match Highlights, 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia, Russia 2018, World Cup, World Cup Highlights, Match City, Russia, Football, Premier,League,ref,Martin,Atkinson,cycles,Kaliningrad,charity,ahead,England,match
#Premier, #League, #ref, #Martin, #Atkinson, #cycles, #Kaliningrad, #charity, #ahead, #England, #match
Propaganda for tots: Children’s program on German radio accuses Putin of war crimes
If you want your kids to believe that Russian President Vladimir Putin is waging wars in defiance of international law and bombing hospitals, a German news show for children named Kakadu is probably your best bet.
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RT (Russia Today) is a global news network broadcasting from Moscow and Washington studios. RT is the first news channel to break the 1 billion YouTube views benchmark.
Мы идем на Север, а не в Крым! Самостоятельное путешествие на Кольский и Рыбачий - Kola Peninsula
Отчет -
Фильм о самостоятельном путешествии на Север России - Кольский полуостров.
Grand Duchess Leonida Georgievna died 05-24-10
In Madrid on the 96th year of her life, Grand Duchess Leonida Georgievna, widow of Grand Prince Vladimir Romanov Kirillovitch, died in Madrid last night.
Yesterday GD Leonida Georgievna visited a priest. By evening her condition had deteriorated and she was taken to the hospital where she died. Her daughter, the head of the Romanov dynasty, the Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna was at her side.
In accordance with tradition and by law, Grand Duchess Leonida Georgievna will be buried next to her husband at the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, but the date of the funeral has not yet determined.
Sakhalin Governor arrested - Purge has begun?
The high-profile arrest of Sakhalin Governor Alexander Horoshavin on bribery accusations is seen by Evgeny Fedorov as evidence of a now underway purge of corrupt officials in the state structure, as also indicated in statements by Vladimir Putin and the Interior Ministry.
While the misuse of public funds and bribe-taking by corrupt government officials is an obvious scandal, Fedorov is more concerned that threats from predatory foreign powers to confiscate their overseas assets could induce them to betray their nation rather than lose their wealth.
The thorough planning and sudden execution of the arrest denied Alexander Horoshavin the opportunity to flee the country or destroy potential incriminating evidence. His public parading in handcuffs on a plane to Moscow clearly signals the state's intention to conduct a clean-up.
Prosecutors claim to have proof that he accepted a bribe of $5.6 million. Alexander Horoshavin denies bribe-taking. Several other people in his circle were also arrested.
English subtitles. Transcript in the comments.
Original from LifeNews:
Sakhalin is a resource-rich and industrially developed island region in Eastern Russia.
Evgeny Fedorov is a Deputy of the State Duma and the coordinator of the National Liberation Movement for restoring sovereignty of Russia.
Former Moscow Region Finance Minister Alexei Kuznetsov detained in France.
Daily news & analysis on Ukraine-Russia:
Russian Federation | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:05:32 1 Etymology
00:07:19 2 History
00:07:28 2.1 Early history
00:09:14 2.2 Kievan Rus'
00:12:33 2.3 Grand Duchy of Moscow
00:14:49 2.4 Tsardom of Russia
00:19:10 2.5 Imperial Russia
00:24:38 2.6 February Revolution and Russian Republic
00:26:13 2.7 Soviet Russia and civil war
00:27:46 2.8 Soviet Union
00:31:41 2.8.1 World War II
00:36:03 2.8.2 Cold War
00:40:19 2.9 Russian Federation
00:47:10 3 Politics
00:47:19 3.1 Governance
00:49:28 3.2 Foreign relations
00:54:06 3.3 Military
00:57:02 3.4 Political divisions
00:59:52 4 Geography
01:01:04 4.1 Topography
01:04:56 4.2 Climate
01:07:07 4.3 Biodiversity
01:08:19 5 Economy
01:15:44 5.1 Energy
01:18:19 5.2 External trade and investment
01:19:12 5.3 Agriculture
01:21:22 5.4 Transport
01:26:09 5.5 Science and technology
01:32:23 5.6 Space exploration
01:34:41 5.7 Water supply and sanitation
01:35:25 5.8 Corruption
01:38:01 6 Demographics
01:43:21 6.1 Largest cities
01:43:29 6.2 Ethnic groups
01:43:55 6.3 Language
01:45:19 6.4 Religion
01:55:31 6.5 Health
01:57:25 6.6 Education
01:59:19 7 Culture
01:59:27 7.1 Folk culture and cuisine
02:02:48 7.2 Architecture
02:06:16 7.3 Visual arts
02:09:16 7.4 Music and dance
02:12:01 7.5 Literature and philosophy
02:15:32 7.6 Cinema, animation and media
02:19:16 7.7 Sports
02:26:13 7.8 National holidays and symbols
02:30:11 7.9 Tourism
02:33:06 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.840215070640857
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Russia (Russian: Росси́я, tr. Rossiya, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə]), officially the Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə]), is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia. At 17,125,200 square kilometres (6,612,100 sq mi), Russia is by a considerable margin the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with about 146.77 million people as of 2019, including Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital, Moscow, is one of the largest cities in the world and the second largest city in Europe; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. However, Russia recognises two more countries that border it, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, both of which are internationally recognized as parts of Georgia.
The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities and achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, wh ...
Российская Империя: Александр I. Часть 1. [07/16] [Eng Sub]
Российская Империя. Александр I, часть первая.
* Вступление на престол — «дней Александровых прекрасное начало».
* Участие России в антинаполеоновских коалициях; битва при Аустерлице; Тильзитский мир.
* Война со Швецией, присоединение Финляндии к России.
* Сперанский — «солнце русской бюрократии».
* Режим порто-франко в Одессе.
* Расцвет Российско-Американской компании — русские поселения на Аляске и в Калифорнии.
Vera Kichanova - Libertad en Rusia: una perspectiva libertaria
FundaLib trae a Vera Kichanova a la sede del Instituto Juan de Mariana para que nos hable de los retos a los que se enfrenta la libertad en la Federación Rusa de Vladimir Putin, de las dificultades que encuentran los disidentes del régimen y de los esfuerzos que se pueden hacer para luchar contra la represión estatal de Moscú desde un punto de vista libertario.
Lithuania | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Lithuania
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Lithuania ( (listen); Lithuanian: Lietuva [lʲɪɛtʊˈvɐ]), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe. Since its independence, Lithuania has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.8 million people as of 2017, and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Other major cities are Kaunas and Klaipėda. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.
For centuries, the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, the Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, the King of Lithuania, and the first unified Lithuanian state, the Kingdom of Lithuania, was created on 6 July 1253. During the 14th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the largest country in Europe; present-day Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia were the territories of the Grand Duchy. With the Lublin Union of 1569, Lithuania and Poland formed a voluntary two-state union, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighbouring countries systematically dismantled it from 1772 to 1795, with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory.
As World War I neared its end, Lithuania's Act of Independence was signed on 16 February 1918, declaring the founding of the modern Republic of Lithuania. In the midst of the Second World War, Lithuania was first occupied by the Soviet Union and then by Nazi Germany. As World War II neared its end and the Germans retreated, the Soviet Union reoccupied Lithuania. On 11 March 1990, a year before the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania became the first Baltic state to declare itself independent, resulting in the restoration of an independent State of Lithuania.
Lithuania is a member of the European Union, the Council of Europe, eurozone, Schengen Agreement, NATO and OECD. It is also a member of the Nordic Investment Bank, and part of Nordic-Baltic cooperation of Northern European countries. The United Nations Human Development Index lists Lithuania as a very high human development country.
Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:06:32 1 Etymology
00:08:41 2 History
00:08:51 2.1 Early history
00:10:56 2.2 Kievan Rus'
00:14:52 2.3 Grand Duchy of Moscow
00:17:32 2.4 Tsardom of Russia
00:22:40 2.5 Imperial Russia
00:29:11 2.6 February Revolution and Russian Republic
00:31:01 2.7 Soviet Russia and civil war
00:32:50 2.8 Soviet Union
00:37:29 2.8.1 World War II
00:41:28 2.8.2 Cold War
00:46:28 2.9 Russian Federation
00:52:03 3 Politics
00:52:13 3.1 Governance
00:54:43 3.2 Foreign relations
01:00:35 3.3 Military
01:04:04 3.4 Political divisions
01:07:27 4 Geography
01:08:51 4.1 Topography
01:13:30 4.2 Climate
01:16:04 4.3 Biodiversity
01:17:30 5 Economy
01:26:22 5.1 Corruption
01:29:29 5.2 Agriculture
01:32:05 5.3 Energy
01:35:09 5.4 Transport
01:40:52 5.5 Science and technology
01:48:14 5.6 Space exploration
01:50:29 5.7 Water supply and sanitation
01:51:21 6 Demographics
01:57:01 6.1 Largest cities
01:57:11 6.2 Ethnic groups
01:57:41 6.3 Language
01:59:20 6.4 Religion
02:11:26 6.5 Health
02:13:42 6.6 Education
02:15:56 7 Culture
02:16:06 7.1 Folk culture and cuisine
02:20:06 7.2 Architecture
02:24:14 7.3 Visual arts
02:27:49 7.4 Music and dance
02:31:04 7.5 Literature and philosophy
02:35:14 7.6 Cinema, animation and media
02:39:41 7.7 Sports
02:47:57 7.8 National holidays and symbols
02:52:37 7.9 Tourism
02:56:04 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7925987386990176
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Russia (Russian: Росси́я, tr. Rossiya, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə]), officially the Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə]), is a country in Eurasia. At 17,125,200 square kilometres (6,612,100 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with about 144.5 million people as of 2018, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital, Moscow, is the largest metropolitan area in Europe proper and one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. However, Russia recognises two more countries that border it, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, both of which are internationally recognized as parts of Georgia.
The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on th ...
Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Russia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Russia (Russian: Росси́я, tr. Rossiya, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə]), officially the Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə]), is a country in Eurasia. At 17,125,200 square kilometres (6,612,100 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with about 144.5 million people as of 2018, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital, Moscow, is the largest metropolitan area in Europe proper and one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait.
The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east.Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic.
Russia's economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons ...