Visby 5, Old Church Ruins (Part 2) - Gotland, Sweden
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S:t Clemens och S:t Nicolaus kyrkoruiner.
Koenix Medeltidsveckan Visby Gotland 2016
Koenix Medeltidsveckan Visby Gotland 2016
Medieval Sweden.
[Wikipedia] List of church ruins on Gotland
There are in total nineteen known ruined churches on the Swedish island of Gotland, in the Baltic Sea twelve of which lie in Visby, the island's main town. Of these, ten lie within the medieval city walls. Three additional church ruins in Visby are known through written sources, but today completely vanished.Gotland began to gradually abandon Norse religion and adopt Christianity during the 11th century. While the earliest churches were wooden, construction of stone churches began during the 12th century. The church building period was fairly short; in the countryside stone churches were erected between the early 12th and mid-14th centuries, while in Visby the last churches were inaugurated during the 15th century.Some of these churches have since fallen into ruin. Of the 94 medieval parish churches in the countryside, 91 are still in use. Three were abandoned following the Reformation, when parishes were merged, and some churches became superfluous. There are in addition three chapel ruins, or ruins of small churches, in the countryside. There are also the ruins of two Cistercian abbeys, one in the countryside and one just outside the city wall of Visby.
Although the exact number of churches that existed in Visby during the Middle Ages is unknown, there were certainly more than in any other Swedish city, and at least twelve within the city walls. Visby grew to become an important trading port during the Middle Ages, and most of the churches in the city were built during the 12th and 13th centuries. The churches were not, as in the countryside, only parish churches. Some belonged to abbeys, almshouses or served groups of traders of a specific nationality, such as the Russian Church or present-day Visby Cathedral, which was originally a church used by German traders.Following the Black Death, the invasion of Gotland by Valdemar IV of Denmark and the Battle of Visby in 1361, and a general decrease in trade, Gotland entered a period of decline. From about 1361, building activity therefore dropped. The inauguration of Sankta Karin in 1412 marks the end of church building activity in Visby. When troops from Lübeck pillaged the city in 1525, and probably damaged several of the churches, the social and economic rationale for sustaining them had vanished. With the advent of the Reformation soon afterwards, the religious rationale to sustain the upkeep of the many churches also permanently disappeared. All monasteries were abolished and all churches within the city walls except one (present-day Visby Cathedral) were abandoned and left to decay. During the following centuries, some church ruins were used as quarries. In 1805 the church ruins were protected by law and in 1863 the Swedish state for the first time allocated money for their conservation.
Best Attractions and Places to See in Gotland, Sweden
In this video our travel specialists have listed some of the best things to do in Gotland, Spain . We have tried to do some extensive research before giving the listing of Things To Do in Gotland.
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List of Best Things to do in Gotland, Sweden
Visby City Wall
Langhammars Sea Stack Field
Gotlands Museum
Hogklint Naturreservat
Botaniska Tradgarden
St. Mary's Cathedral
St. Nicolai Ruin
Digerhuvud Sea Stack Field
Bla Lagunen
Lummelundagrottan
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Ztripez eldpoi Visby Domkyrka Medeltidsveckan 2016
Ztripez provar nya eldrepen.
Gotland – Die Urlaubsinsel der Schweden | WDR Reisen
Einst ritt sie mit ihrem Pferd Kleiner Onkel durch das Stadttor von Visby: Pippi Langstrumpf alias Inger Nilsson. Für Wunderschön kam sie wieder nach Gotland, wo sie für die berühmten Filme vor rund 50 Jahren vor der Kamera stand. Die Lieblingsferieninsel der Schweden ist die sonnenreichste Region des Landes und bietet traumhafte Strände. Andrea Grießmann lernt Wikinger-Schach, besucht eine Schafzüchterin, schwimmt in der Blauen Lagune, einem ehemaligen Kalksteinbruch, und wandelt auf den Spuren des großen Filmemachers Ingmar Bergman auf Gotlands Nachbarinsel Fårö.
Once she rode with her horse Little Uncle through the city gate of Visby: Pippi Longstocking aka Inger Nilsson. For Wunderschön she came back to Gotland, where she stood for the famous films about 50 years ago in front of the camera. Sweden's favorite holiday island is the sunniest region in the country and offers beautiful beaches. Andrea Grießmann learns Viking chess, visits a sheep farmer, swims in the Blue Lagoon, a former limestone quarry, and follows in the footsteps of the great filmmaker Ingmar Bergman on Gotland's neighboring island of Fårö.
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Biskopsvalet Visby Stift 2018 - Utan pauser
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Visby domkyrka lördag den 9 maj
The long revolution Bulgaria & Дългата революция България
They still resemble delicate fairies when they dance. Watching these ballet dancers, one cannot help but remember the days of Communism when Bulgaria's female track and field athletes swept the board in international competitions. The only difference is that today the girls in Sofia's dance school smile more often as they whirl through the air. Even the dancers' trainer is the same person as in the old days -- Neschka Robeva. No one knows if the state will be willing to pay for this institution much longer, she says. Robeva believes that anyone making long-term plans in Bulgaria today is either stupid or a hopeless optimist. She dislikes the general mentality that has descended on the population following the political upheaval: The nation has not understood that self-discipline is still the most important thing, even in the new system. Teachers like Robeva used to enjoy high social standing in Bulgaria. But today this only applies to people who make a lot of money.
Lombards | Wikipedia audio article
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Lombards
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The Lombards () or Longobards (Latin: Langobardi; Italian: Longobardi [loŋɡoˈbardi]; Lombard: Longobard (Western)) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774.
The Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the Historia Langobardorum that the Lombards descended from a small tribe called the Winnili, who dwelt in southern Scandinavia (Scadanan) before migrating to seek new lands. In the 1st century AD, they formed part of the Suebi, in northwestern Germany. By the end of the 5th century, they had moved into the area roughly coinciding with modern Austria and Slovakia north of the Danube river, where they subdued the Heruls and later fought frequent wars with the Gepids. The Lombard king Audoin defeated the Gepid leader Thurisind in 551 or 552; his successor Alboin eventually destroyed the Gepids in 567.
Following this victory, Alboin decided to lead his people to Italy, which had become severely depopulated and devastated after the long Gothic War (535–554) between the Byzantine Empire and the Ostrogothic Kingdom there. The Lombards were joined by numerous Saxons, Heruls, Gepids, Bulgars, Thuringians, and Ostrogoths, and their invasion of Italy was almost unopposed. By late 569 they had conquered all of northern Italy and the principal cities north of the Po River except Pavia, which fell in 572. At the same time, they occupied areas in central Italy and southern Italy. They established a Lombard Kingdom in north and central Italy, later named Regnum Italicum (Kingdom of Italy), which reached its zenith under the 8th-century ruler Liutprand. In 774, the Kingdom was conquered by the Frankish King Charlemagne and integrated into his Empire. However, Lombard nobles continued to rule southern parts of the Italian peninsula, well into the 11th century when they were conquered by the Normans and added to their County of Sicily. In this period, the southern part of Italy still under Longobardic domination was known by the name Langbarðaland (Land of the Lombards) in the Norse runestones. Their legacy is also apparent in the regional name Lombardy (in the north of Italy).