Statues of Alexander the Great & Philip II of Macedon in Macedonia, Greece
Αγάλματα του Μεγάλου Αλεξάνδρου και του Φιλίππου Β 'της Μακεδονίας στη Μακεδονία, Ελλάς
Statuen von Alexander den Großen & Philipp II von Makedonien, in Makedonien Griechenland
ΣΤΗΘΗΚΕ ΤΟ ΑΓΑΛΜΑ ΤΟΥ Μ.ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΘΗΝΑ - Statue of Alexander the Great in Athens(17.04.19)
The Statue of Alexander the Great Erected in Athens (17/4/19)
PHILIP II OF MACEDONIA.mpg
The monument of Philip II today is set to square - karposhovo rebellion against the Church of St. Demetrius. Hi is made in the Italian bronze foundry Buastini. Author of the monument is skulptor Valentina Stevanovska. Monumenthas a height of 13 meters and under Pillar Fountain is 16 meters high. Philip II of Macedonia the view is facing the monument Alexander. Citizens say they like the monument.
The monument is ideal.
Within the monument will have three small fountains cast in bronze and marble, which will be introduced whit plants of Macedonian region. In the one of the fountains will be placed 4 women with their sons. The entire project cost 5 million euros.
Thessalonike or Solun ?
Thessalonike or Solun ?
Inscribed base of a statue of Thessaloniki, of the 2nd c. A.D., found in the area of the ancient Agora and part of a group of statues of the family of Alexander the Great.
Inscription:
ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΝ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΑΝ
Inscription reading
To Queen Thessalonike, (Daughter) of Philip.
Archaeological Museum.
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The city was founded around 315 BC
by the King Cassander of Macedon, on or near the site of the ancient town of Therma and 26 other local villages. He named it after his wife Thessalonike, a half-sister of Alexander the Great and princess of Macedon as daughter of Philip II.
Under the kingdom of Macedon the city retained its own autonomy and parliament and evolved to become the most important city in Macedon.
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Robin Lane Fox
The Classical world came to Afghanistan with Alexander the Great, between 329 bc and 327, he conquered the area before moving into India, but he left behind him settlers, cities that he found it, and of course being Greeks they express their culture. The Greek legacy is so strong because the art so divine beautiful. The legacy of Greek art reach in Afghanistan by sea on every land and came up into places that Alexander formerly ruled.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Donald Kagan - Yale university
Quote:
We know the Macedonians were fundamentally Greeks. That is to say they were Greek speakers and ethnically they were Greek.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
George Cawkwell - Oxford university
Quote:
The Macedonians were Greeks, their language was Greek.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Historians refer to this enlarged Greek society as the Hellenistic world. At the start of his reign, the 20 year old Alexander was the crowned King of only Macedon - a crude Greek nation of north-east mainland Greece. His mother Olympias came from the ruling clan of the north-western Greek region of Epirus.
[David Sacks (1995), 'A Dictionary of the Ancient Greek World',
Oxford University]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As members of the Greek race, and speakers of the Greek language, the ancient Macedonians shared the ability to initiate ideas and create political forms.
[N G L Hammond, Professor of Greek / Fellow of the British Academy]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The latest archaeological evidence now confirms that [ancient] Macedonia was named after a Greek speaking tribe of people called the 'Makednoi', meaning in Greek highlanders' from the Greek 'macos' meaning tall, high, or long. Their local dialect of north-western Greek was later replaced by Attic Greek.
[Roger Wilson, 'Encyclopaedia of Ancient Greece']
------------------------------------------------------------------------
What language did the Macedonians speak?
The name itself is Greek in root and ethnic termination. It means 'highlander' and is comparable to Greek tribal names such as 'Orestai' and 'Oretai' meaning 'mountain-men'. A reputedly earlier variant, 'maketai' has the same root, which means 'high' is in the Greek adjective 'makednos' or the noun 'mekos'.
[N G L Hammond, 'The Macedonian State']
----------------------------------------------------------------
Alexander was not the first Greek to recieve divine honours in his lifetime, but the precedents were very few, and of course, inevitably inexact.
('The Greeks Crucible of Civilisation', Ch. 15, p. 228)
[Paul Cartledge, Professor of Greek, Cambridge University]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
He [Alexander] achieved what no other Greek leader had accomplished, in uniting all the individual city-states into one [Greek] nation.
[John Guy, 'Greek Life', p.22]
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Hesiod first mentioned 'Makedon', the eponym of the people and the country, as a son of Zeus,a grandson of Deukalion, and so a first cousin of Aeolus, Dorus, and Xuthus; in other words he considered the 'Makedones' to be an outlying branch of the Greek-speaking tribes, with a distinctive dialect of their own, 'Macedonian'.
[N.G.L.Hammond, Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd ed. (1996),pp.904,905]
-----------------------------------------------------------
Ancient Macedonia was - and still is - a territory of northern Greece,
the ancient Macedonians were of Greek origin and spoke a broader rougher dialect of Greek.
[Dr. Stephen Batchelor, 'The Ancient Greeks for Dummies']
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Did Philip of Macedonia unite Macedonia or Greece?
Philip of Macedonia united Macedonia!
New Statue of Alexander the Great in Litochoro/Macedonia/Greece
New Statue of Alexander the Great in Litochoro/Macedonia/Greece
Thessalonike - Macedonian City
Thessalonike - Macedonian City (Not Solun)
Inscribed base of a statue of Thessaloniki, of the 2nd c. A.D., found in the area of the ancient Agora and part of a group of statues of the family of Alexander the Great.
Inscription:
ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΝ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΑΝ
Inscription reading
To Queen Thessalonike, (Daughter) of Philip.
Archaeological Museum.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The city was founded around 315 BC
by the King Cassander of Macedon, on or near the site of the ancient town of Therma and 26 other local villages. He named it after his wife Thessalonike, a half-sister of Alexander the Great and princess of Macedon as daughter of Philip II.
Under the kingdom of Macedon the city retained its own autonomy and parliament and evolved to become the most important city in Macedon.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Robin Lane Fox
The Classical world came to Afghanistan with Alexander the Great, between 329 bc and 327, he conquered the area before moving into India, but he left behind him settlers, cities that he found it, and of course being Greeks they express their culture. The Greek legacy is so strong because the art so divine beautiful. The legacy of Greek art reach in Afghanistan by sea on every land and came up into places that Alexander formerly ruled.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Donald Kagan - Yale university
Quote:
We know the Macedonians were fundamentally Greeks. That is to say they were Greek speakers and ethnically they were Greek.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
George Cawkwell - Oxford university
Quote:
The Macedonians were Greeks, their language was Greek.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Historians refer to this enlarged Greek society as the Hellenistic world. At the start of his reign, the 20 year old Alexander was the crowned King of only Macedon - a crude Greek nation of north-east mainland Greece. His mother Olympias came from the ruling clan of the north-western Greek region of Epirus.
[David Sacks (1995), 'A Dictionary of the Ancient Greek World',
Oxford University]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As members of the Greek race, and speakers of the Greek language, the ancient Macedonians shared the ability to initiate ideas and create political forms.
[N G L Hammond, Professor of Greek / Fellow of the British Academy]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The latest archaeological evidence now confirms that [ancient] Macedonia was named after a Greek speaking tribe of people called the 'Makednoi', meaning in Greek highlanders' from the Greek 'macos' meaning tall, high, or long. Their local dialect of north-western Greek was later replaced by Attic Greek.
[Roger Wilson, 'Encyclopaedia of Ancient Greece']
------------------------------------------------------------------------
What language did the Macedonians speak?
The name itself is Greek in root and ethnic termination. It means 'highlander' and is comparable to Greek tribal names such as 'Orestai' and 'Oretai' meaning 'mountain-men'. A reputedly earlier variant, 'maketai' has the same root, which means 'high' is in the Greek adjective 'makednos' or the noun 'mekos'.
[N G L Hammond, 'The Macedonian State']
----------------------------------------------------------------
Alexander was not the first Greek to recieve divine honours in his lifetime, but the precedents were very few, and of course, inevitably inexact.
('The Greeks Crucible of Civilisation', Ch. 15, p. 228)
[Paul Cartledge, Professor of Greek, Cambridge University]
------------------------------------------------------------------
He [Alexander] achieved what no other Greek leader had accomplished, in uniting all the individual city-states into one [Greek] nation.
[John Guy, 'Greek Life', p.22]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Hesiod first mentioned 'Makedon', the eponym of the people and the country, as a son of Zeus,a grandson of Deukalion, and so a first cousin of Aeolus, Dorus, and Xuthus; in other words he considered the 'Makedones' to be an outlying branch of the Greek-speaking tribes, with a distinctive dialect of their own, 'Macedonian'.
[N.G.L.Hammond, Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd ed. (1996),pp.904,905]
-----------------------------------------------------------
Ancient Macedonia was - and still is - a territory of northern Greece,
the ancient Macedonians were of Greek origin and spoke a broader rougher dialect of Greek.
[Dr. Stephen Batchelor, 'The Ancient Greeks for Dummies']
-------------------------------------------------------------
Macedonia is Greece- Melbourne rally
Macedonia is Greece- Melbourne rally
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Q???????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ????????????????, ????????????????????????, ????????????????????????????????????, ???????????? ????????????????????????????????????. ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????, ???????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ????????????. ???????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????. ???????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????, ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????????????. ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????, ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????????????????. ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????????????????. ????????????????????????????????????, ???????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????, ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????. ???? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???? ???????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????. ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????, ???????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????, ???????????????? ???? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????’???? ????????????????. ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????, ???????????? ????????????????????-???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????????. ???????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????, ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????????????????. ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ????????????: “???????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????” ???????? ???????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????, “???????? ???????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????.” ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????, ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????. ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???? ???????????????????????? ????????????????????????, ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????. ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????, ????????????????????, ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????, ????????????????????????????, ????????????????????????????????, ????????????????????????????????????, ???????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????. ???????? ???????????????? ???? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????????, ???????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????. ???????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????????, ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????. ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????, ???????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????.
Alexander the Great will rise in Athens
Athens stood. Warrior on horseback will sprout in the Greek capital was reported at a conference titled Alexander the myth and history, marking the first installation of the monument chieftain in Athens. The meeting was ample nationalistic tones, which culminated with the release of the statement of the British professor Robin Fox Lein, which the FYROMacedonians call them ignorant and simple.
[Alexander the Great would rise in Athens]
Athens will get a monument to Alexander the Great. The first statue in the Greek capital will be set early next year and will represent Alexander as a boy in his early years.
In southern Greece a statue of Alexander the Great, and odluchimve to make this step, to put a statue of Alexander the Great, said Babis Staiku - sponsor of the monument.
- Is there any connection with the monument of Alexander the Great in Skopje? Maybe from there got the idea of setting?
Alexander the Great in Skopje has nothing to do with the monument of Alexander will be set in Athens. It is a monument that refers to the young Alexander in years, represents the dynamics of his youth, replied Staiku.
Alexander the Great in myth and history - conference on the setting of the monument. Participants spoke about the life of the ancient military commander, for his contribution to the spread of Hellenism, told that FYROMacedonia has nothing to do with him, and not left us nespomenat name dispute.
I am against all, against any name that contains in any way the term Macedonia. Upper Macedonia at the time of Philip and Alexander is today's western Macedonia. Said Konstantinos Holevas analyst.
In the period 91-93, when the issue was currently Minister-Governor of Alexandria, in a famous speech said, let the gentlemen come from Skopje with us here in Alexandria to tell who was Alexander and that they have no about Alexander, and that only Hellenism has the right to this heritage.
During the debate on Alexander was released and the statement of Professor Oxford in which the FYROMacedonians called ignorant and simple, a statement that the present extort applause. Lein Robin Fox, who was to attend the conference, send a written message, speaking in the name of Alexander:
I am impressed that Athens would finally make me honor with a monument, said Fox.
Over a period of economic and political crisis
Greece held a Conference at which those who spoke tried to prove that Alexander the Great was Grecian.
Who produced Alexander The Great - Macedonia or Greece?
Full documentary at:
Macedonia was never Greek!
Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki - Macedonia Greece
The Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki is housed in a 1962 edifice, designed by architect Patroclos Karantinos. It is a listed building as a unique example of modernist art in Greece. The Museum's collections include distinctive works of art and excavation finds from across Macedonia, as the archaeological service was the first state service to operate in Thessaloniki immediately after the liberation of the city. Since 2002 it operates as an independent special peripheral service of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
In 2003 the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki was completely renovated in order to meet new technical and museological advances. The new exhibition of antiquities was organised into six permanent thematic units that encompass all aspects of personal and public life in antiquity. One grand and 2--5 minor temporary exhibitions take place annually, covering special and unique features of the Macedonians' everyday life in relation to the wider cultural framework of the rest of the Greek world and the broader zone of southeastern Mediterranean basin.
BBC Alastair Sooke: Treasures Of Ancient Greece - Aigai (Vergina) Macedonia 2015
To the south of River Haliacmon, in the “land of Macedon”, as described by Herodotus, on the foothills of Pieria, the ancient “Macedonian mount”, lays Aigai, the first city of Macedon, the land with many goats (“Aigai” in ancient Greek means “goats”).
Aigai was a city formed by distinct villages, an “open” urban agglomeration having a central core and multiple settlements of various sizes developing around it. This multiplicity explains the plural suffix of its name (the diphthong “ai”), like in the names of other ancient cities, e.g. “Athinai”, “Thibai” or “Ferai”, and reflects the ancient model of a society founded on the aristocratic structure of clans having as its point of reference and cohesion pole, the royal authority.
In the mid-7th century BC, Perdiccas I, a Dorian from Argos, a descendant, according to tradition, of the family of Hercules, became king of Macedonians. Aigai became the cradle of the Temenids, the dynasty that will rule Macedonia for 3.5 centuries and will give to humanity Philip II and his son Alexander the Great, who set off from Aigai and changed the history of Greece and the World.
The name “Makednoi” or “Macedonians” is derived from the root mak-, as in the Greek adjective μακρύς (long), and originally meant the “tall ones” or “highlanders” in Greek. According to Herodotus, the Macedonians were the same tribe as the Dorians, who originally resided in the Pindus mountain range.
In the beginning of the last pre-Christian millennium, the Macedonians, whose main economic activity was animal husbandry, are found in the northern side of mount Olympos and around the ancient Macedonian mount (the mountains of Pieria).
Here, to the south of river Haliacmon, in Herodotus’ “land of Macedon”, on the foothills of the “Macedonian mount”, lays Aigai, the land with many goats, the first city of Macedon. Built at the beginning of the route that crossed the mountains and from the Macedonian basin led to the south, Aigai was an important centre playing a pivotal role in the region from as early as the 10th-8th century BC.
Heracles to Alexander the Great - Macedonia a Hellenic Kingdom in the Age of Democracy
Treasures from the Royal Capital of Macedon, a Hellenic Kingdom in the Age of Democracy
The Ashmolean and the University of Oxford
The Ashmolean is a University Museum and a Department of the University, which owns the collections and employs the museum staff. The Museum has very close links with the faculties, and the colleges, and museum staff undertake a great deal of University teaching and research. The Museum's Collections are also an important teaching and research resource for scholars and students from other institutions both in this country and abroad.
Undergraduate degree courses at Oxford University involving museum staff and collections include bachelors degrees in Archaeology and Anthropology; Ancient and Modern History; Classical and Ancient History; Egyptology and Ancient Near Eastern Studies; Classics; History of Art; Fine Art; Arabic, Persian and Turkish; Islamic Art and Archaeology. In many cases dissertation topics for these degrees are based on Museum collections.
Postgraduate courses using the Museum collections and staff include Masters degrees in European Archaeology; World Archaeology; Landscape Archaeology; Professional Archaeology; Greek and/or Roman History; Classical Archaeology; Byzantine Studies; Cuneiform Studies; Egyptology; History of Art; Islamic Art and Archaeology; Modern Chinese Art and Literature. Masters students often continue their studies in these areas basing doctoral theses on the museum collections, supervised by museum staff.
In addition the Ashmolean hopes soon to offer elective courses to medical students (Ancient Medicine, Ways of Seeing and Observing), as well as providing a cultural resource independently of set courses. All undergraduates of Oxford and Oxford Brookes Universities receive an invitation to a special evening event in the museum in their first year.
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In the groundbreaking exhibition 'Heracles to Alexander the Great' the Ashmolean will show more than 500 extraordinary objects, most of which go on display for the first time anywhere in the world. These recent finds were discovered in the royal burial tombs and the palace at Aegae, the ancient capital of Macedon. They rewrite the history of early Greece and tell the story of the royal court and the kings and queens of Macedon, descendants of Heracles whose rule culminated in the empire of Alexander the Great. Aegae remained relatively unknown until 30 years ago when excavations uncovered the unlooted tombs of Philip II and his grandson Alexander IV. Recent work at the site by the 17th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, and the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, has continued to unearth a startling wealth of objects -- from beautifully intricate gold jewellery, silverware and pottery, to sculpture, mosaic floors and architectural remains.
Discover Greece, homeland to Alexander the Great!
* Ancient Stagira was the birthplace of Aristotle. Aristotle (384-322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and scientist, also known as the teacher of Alexander the Great. He was a student of Plato and is considered an important figure in Western Philosophy.
* Ancient Pella was the historical capital of the Greek kingdom of Macedon and the birthplace of Alexander the Great and his father.
* Ancient Aigai was the first capital of the Greek kingdom of Macedon and the burial place of Alexander the Great's family.
* Dion became the religious centre of the Macedonian kingdom in the 5th century BC as well as hosting important games.
In the 4th century BC, Alexander the Great offered sacrifices at the Temple of Olympian Zeus in Dion before setting out on his campaign against the Persian Empire.
* Amphipolis, a magnificent ancient Greek polis (city), is the place where Alexander the Great prepared for campaigns leading to his invasion of Asia. Alexander's three finest admirals, Nearchus, Androsthenes and Laomedon, resided in this city.
* Thessaloniki, the second largest city in Greece, was built as a gift to Alexander the Great's sister, Thessaloniki. She gained her name (victory of Thessalians, from Greek: nikē victory) from her father, Philip II, to commemorate her birth on the day of his gaining a victory over the Phocians, who were defeated with the help of Thessalian horsemen, the best in Greece at that time. (Thessaly is a region in central Greece.)
The Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki is a museum in Thessaloniki which holds and interprets artifacts from the Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods from the region of Macedonia.
THE MACEDONIAN TOMB OF HAGIOS ATHANASSIOS, THESSALONIKI
The joy of life in a macedonian symposium along with the grief over the nobleman's death, as depicted on a great monument of Ancient Macedonia. Presented by the excavator, archaeologist Maria Tsimpidou-Avlonitou, Ph.D. The film was the contribution of the Ephorate of Antiquities of Thessaloniki Prefecture (Hellenic Ministry of Education and Culture) to the International Museum Day, 2015.
Scenario-direction: Eleni Stoumpou-Katsamouris, M.A. archaeologist-film director
Executive producer: Maria Tsiapali Ph.D. archaeologist-director of Ephorate of Antiquities of Thessaloniki Prefecture
Production: Ephorate of Antiquities of Thessaloniki Prefecture, for the International Museum Day 2015.
LAST SPEECH OF ALEXANDER THE MACEDONIAN
This was the last public speech of the great MACEDONIAN KING,ALEXANDER THE MACEDON
Macedonia The layout of ancient Pella, Greece.
Macedonia The layout of ancient Pella, Greece.
Encyclopedia Brittanica:
Learn about the significant layout of the ancient city of Pella.
The city was founded by Archelaus (413--399 BC) as the capital of his kingdom, replacing the older palace-city of Aigai (Vergina). After this, it was the seat of the king Philip II and of Alexander, his son. In 168 BC, it was sacked by the Romans, and its treasury transported to Rome. Later, the city was destroyed by an earthquake and eventually was rebuilt over its ruins. By 180 AD, Lucian could describe it in passing as now insignificant, with very few inhabitants.
Pella is first mentioned by Herodotus of Halicarnassus (VII, 123) in relation to Xerxes' campaign and by Thucydides (II, 99,4 and 100,4) in relation to Macedonian expansion and the war against Sitalces, the king of the Thracians. According to Xenophon, in the beginning of the 4th century BC, it was the largest Macedonian city. It was probably built as the capital of the kingdom by Archelaus, although there appears to be some possibility that it may have been Amyntas. It attracted Greek artists such the painter Zeuxis, the poet Timotheus of Miletus and the tragic author Euripides who finishes his days there writing and producing Archelaus.
Archelaus invited the painter Zeuxis, the greatest painter of the time, to decorate it. He was later the host of the Athenian playwright Euripides in his retirement. Euripides Bacchae premiered here, about 408 BC. Pella was the birthplace of Philip II and of Alexander, his son. The hilltop palace of Philip, where Aristotle tutored young Alexander, is being excavated.
In antiquity, Pella was a port connected to the Thermaic Gulf by a navigable inlet, but the harbor has silted, leaving the site landlocked. The reign of Antigonus likely represented the height of the city, as this is the period which has left us the most archaeological remains.
Pella is further mentioned by Polybius and Livy as the capital of Philip V and of Perseus during the Macedonian Wars. In the writings of Livy, we find the only description of how the city looked in 167 BC to Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus, the Roman who defeated Perseus at the battle of Pydna:
...[Paulus] observed that it was not without good reason that it had been chosen as the royal residence. It is situated on the south-west slope of a hill and surrounded by a marsh too deep to be crossed on foot either in summer or winter. The citadel the Phacus, which is close to the city, stands in the marsh itself, projecting like an island, and is built on a huge substructure which is strong enough to carry a wall and prevent any damage from the infiltration from the water of the lagoon. At a distance it appears to be continuous with the city wall, but it is really separated by a channel which flows between the two walls and is connected with the city by a bridge. Thus it cuts off all means of access from an external foe, and if the king shut anyone up there, there could be no possibility of escape except by the bridge, which could be very easily guarded..[2]
The famous poet Aratus died in Pella c. 240 BC. Pella was sacked by the Romans in 168 BC, when its treasury was transported to Rome.
In the Roman province of Macedonia, Pella was the capital of the third district, and was possibly the seat of the Roman governor. Crossed by the Via Egnatia (Strabo VII, 323), Pella remained a significant point on the route between Dyrrachium and Thessalonika. Cicero stayed there in 58 BC, but by then the provincial seat had already transferred to Thessalonika. It was then destroyed by earthquake in the first century BCE; shops and workshops dating from the catastrophe have been found with remains of their merchandise. The city was eventually rebuilt over its ruins, which preserved them, but ca 180 AD Lucian of Samosata could describe it in passing as now insignificant, with very few inhabitants [3]
The city went into decline for reasons unknown (possibly an earthquake) by the end of the 1st century BC. It was the object of a colonial deduction sometime between 45 and 30 BC; in any case currency was marked Colonia Iulia Augusta Pella. Augustus settled peasants there whose land he had usurped to give to his veterans (Dio Cassius LI, 4). But unlike other Macedonian colonies such as Philippi, Dion, and Cassandreia it never came under the jurisdiction of ius Italicum or Roman law. Four pairs of colonial magistrates (IIvirs quinquennales) are known for this period.
The decline of the city was rapid, in spite of colonization: Dio Chrysostom and Lucian both attest to the ruin of the ancient capital of Philip II and Alexander; though their accounts may be exaggerated. In fact, the Roman city was somewhat to the west of and distinct from the original capital; which explains some contradictions between coinage, epigraphs, and testimonial accounts. In the Byzantine period, the Roman site was occupied by a fortified village.
Statue of Alexander the Great on Macedonia Square 亞歷山大騎馬雕像 ( Macedonia )
2013.6.27(Skopje)馬其頓共和國首都史可比,傍晚廣場上亞歷山大騎馬的風彩.
Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Citywalk - Greece HD Travel Channel
Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece, is the second largest city in Greece and has always been an important transport hub. Today it is considered as an important gateway from Europe to Istanbul and to the Near East. In addition, Thessaloniki has a good reputation as a university, cultural, trade and industrial city.
In the east of the city is the exhibition ground, which is dominated by OTE TV Tower. From here, it is only a few steps to the eastern end of the promenade with the landmark of Thessaloniki, the White Tower. Built in the 15th Century, it served as defense and fortifications and later as a prison and place of execution. Today it is a museum.
An equestrian statue of Alexander the Great was erected in immediate proximity. Alexander's family originates from a Macedonian royal house. Originally described as barbarians by the classical Greeks, Alexander's father Philip II succeeded for the first time to conquer and unite Greece. However Alexander's foolhardy conquests up to the border of India integrated the Macedonians in Hellas.
Thessaloniki was founded by Cassander, a Macedonian king, and named after his wife, a half-sister of Alexander the Great.
Further east we arrive at the Dikastirion square with a monument of Eleftherios Venizelos. At one corner of the square one can visit the Ottoman Bey hamam, the largest Turkish bath of the city.
During the lunchtime, we look for a tavern at the Aristoteles square, the most beautiful square in the city and watch the people at their busy hustle and bustle. Even Aristotle seems to make his thoughts on the people.
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Thessaloniki in Zentralmakedonien, Griechenland, ist die zweitgrößte Stadt Griechenlands und war von jeher ein bedeutender Verkehrsknotenpunkt. Heute gilt es als wichtiges Tor Europas nach Istanbul und in den vorderen Orient. Daneben hat sich Thessaloniki einen guten Ruf als Universitäts-, Kultur-, Messe- und Industriestadt geschaffen.
Im Osten der Stadt liegt das Messegelände, das vom OTE-Fernsehturm überragt wird. Von hier aus sind es nur wenige Schritte zum östlichen Ende der Uferpromenade mit dem Wahrzeichen von Thessaloniki, dem weißen Turm. Errichtet im 15. Jahrhundert diente er als Verteidigungs- und Befestigungsanlage, später als Gefängnis und Hinrichtungsstätte. Heute ist er ein Museum.
Unmittelbar daneben wurde ein Reiterdenkmal für Alexander den Großen errichtet. Alexanders Familie entstammt einem makedonischen Königshaus. Ursprünglich von den klassischen Griechen als Barbaren bezeichnet, gelang es erstmals Alexanders Vater, Phillip II, Griechenland zu erobern und zu vereinen. Doch erst Alexanders tollkühne Eroberungszüge bis an die Grenze Indiens integrierten die Makedonier in Hellas.
Thessaloniki wurde von Kassandros, einem makedonischen König, gegründet und nach seiner Frau, einer Halbschwester Alexander des Großen, benannt.
Etwas östlich davon treffen wir auf den Dikastirion Platz mit einem Denkmal des Eleftherios Venizelos. An einer Ecke des Platzes ist das osmanische Bey Hammām, einst das größte türkische Bad der Stadt, zu besichtigen.
Am Aristoteles Platz, dem schönsten Platz in der Stadt, suchen wir uns eine Taverne, relaxen in der Mittagszeit während wir die Menschen bei ihrem geschäftigen Treiben beobachten. Auch Aristoteles scheint sich seine Gedanken über die Menschen zu machen.
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