Grassalkovich Palace - Bratislava
The Grassalkovich Palace is a palace in Bratislava and the residence of the president of Slovakia. It is situated on Hodžovo námestie, near the Summer Archbishop's Palace. The building is a Rococo-late Baroque summer palace with a French garden.
Guards At President Of Slovakia’s Residence
#Slovakia #President #GrassalkovichPalace
Guards Marching At Grassalkovich Palace (Grasalkovičov palác) Located In Bratislava Which Is The Residence Of The President Of Slovakia And A 360 View Of Hodžovo Square Which Is Near The Summer Archbishop's Palace.
The Old Town of Bratislava
The Old Town of Bratislava (Slovak: Staré Mesto) is the historic center and one of the boroughs of Bratislava, in the Bratislava Region of Slovakia. It is coextensive with the smallest Slovak administrative district by area, Bratislava I. It contains the small, but preserved medieval city center, Bratislava Castle and other important landmarks. Bratislava's Old Town is known for its many churches, the Bratislava Riverfront and cultural institutions, it is also the location of most of the foreign states embassies and important Slovak institutions including the National Council of the Slovak Republic; the Summer Archbishop's Palace, seat of the Government of Slovakia; and Grassalkovich Palace, seat of the President of Slovakia.
Bratislava, Slovakia - Old Town HD (2013)
The Old Town of Bratislava (Slovak: Staré Mesto) is the historic center and one of the boroughs of Bratislava, in the Bratislava Region of Slovakia. It is coextensive with the smallest Slovak administrative district by area, Bratislava I. It contains the small, but preserved medieval city center, Bratislava Castle and other important landmarks. Bratislava's Old Town is known for its many churches, a riverbank promenade and cultural institutions, it is also the location of most of the foreign states Embassies and important Slovak institutions including National Council of the Slovak Republic, Summer Archbishop's Palace; seat of the Government of Slovakia and Grassalkovich Palace; seat of the President of Slovakia.
Archbishops Palace, Maidstone, Kent.
Video of the Archbishop's Palace in Maidstone, Kent. This is one of many Maidstone and Kent vid's I've posted - search on g4shf Kent.
HISTORICAL PLACES OF SLOVAKIA IN GOOGLE EARTH PART FIVE ( 5/5 )
1. CASTLE PUSTY,ZVOLEN 48°33'24.64N 19° 6'32.74E
2. CHURCH,VELKY SARIS 49° 2'32.52N 21°11'18.70E
3. CASTLE BOJNICKY,BOJNICE 48°46'48.14N 18°34'39.96E
4. SUMMER ARCHBISHOP'S PALACE,BRATISLAVA
48° 9'8.69N 17° 6'34.36E
5. CHURCH OF ASSUMPTION,SPISSKA NOVA VES
48°56'37.14N 20°34'6.83E
6. CHURCH&CATHEDRAL,BANSKA 48°27'32.41N 18°53'33.47E
7. TOWER,BARDEJOV 49°17'29.79N 21°16'24.52E
8. CASTLE KRASZNAHORKA VARUDVARA 48°39'29.97N 20°36'1.53E
9. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH,SMOLENICE 48°30'35.43N 17°25'55.21E
10. DOBRA NIVA CASTLE,PODZAMCOK 48°30'11.11N 19° 6'12.71E
11. SUMMERHOUSE DARDANELLES,MARKUŠOVCE
48°55'2.12N 20°37'28.99E
12. HOUSE OF MERCY,BANSKA 48°44'2.75N 19° 8'3.98E
13. ST.ANNA CHURCH,KOVARCE 48°29'23.60N 18°10'42.36E
14. ST.MARTINA CATHEDRAL,SPISSKE PODHRADIE
49° 0'1.56N 20°44'26.72E
15. WATER TOWER,PIESTANY 48°35'10.88N 17°50'34.67E
16. JACOB PALACE,KOSICE 48°43'18.92N 21°15'46.17E
17. CHURCH&MONASTERY OF POOR CLARES,BRATISLAVA
48° 8'38.49N 17° 6'19.15E
18. CASTLE STARA LUBOVNA,PRESOV 49°18'54.93N 20°41'58.62E
19. PARISH CHURCH,PRIEVIDZA 48°46'23.15N 18°37'28.67E
20. TOWN HALL,BARDEJOV 49°17'33.15N 21°16'33.74E
21. WATCH TOWER,ROZNAVA 48°39'43.81N 20°31'59.07E
22. CASTLE HUMENNE,PRESOV 48°56'20.42N 21°54'26.30E
23. BOSANOCH CASTLE,BOSANY 48°34'51.10N 18°14'54.12E
Televizní noviny 17.09.1988
Hlavní zpravodajská relace Československé televize
komentující nejdůležitější události, které se staly 17.9.1988.
Toto vydání Televizních novin obsahuje mimo jiné následující reportáže:
- Zahájení Letních olympijských her 1988 v jihokorejském Soulu
- Michail Gorbačov představil nové mírové návrhy. Rozhovor s redaktorem Rastislavem Bajerem
- Den tisku, rozhlasu a televize: slavnost Rudého práva v Parku kultury a oddechu Julia Fučíka v Praze. Běh Rudého práva. Slovácká dechová kapela Vinařinka zahrála v rámci programu nakladatelství ROH Práce na Václavském náměstí. Přímé přenosy ČST ze slavností
- Oslavy Dne tisku, rozhlasu a televize v Parku kultury a oddychu v Bratislavě. Na oslavách ČST představila teletext
- Mezinárodní strojírenský veletrh v Brně – otázky výroby televizorů umožňujících vysílat teletext. O počátcích sériové výroby; hovoří obchodní zástupce firmy Kontex-Grundig v ČSSR Jaromír Tužil
- Konec oficiální návštěvy francouzského ministra zahraničí Rollanda Dumase v ČSSR – tisková konference v hotelu Forum
- Výstava fotografií World Press Photo ‘88 v Moskvě
- Monzunové deště a záplavy v Bangladéši
- Diamant Zlatý gigant byl představen veřejnosti v aukční síni Christie´s v Londýně
- Choreografická příprava mládeže na spartakiádu 1990 ve sportovní hale v Žilině
- Okresní podnik služeb v Příbrami otevřel Centrální informační středisko služeb
- Reportáž na sobotu. Rozhovor s předsedou MNV Palárikovo Karolem Bradáčem , střediskové obce v okrese Nové Zámky na Slovensku o kvalitě života obyvatel obce a výhodě malé vzdálenosti od okresního města. Rozhovory s obyvateli obce
- Závěrečný koncert Kroměřížského hudebního léta ve Sněmovním sále Arcibiskupského zámku Kroměříš
- Hudební archiv kroměřížského zámku. O archivu hovoří ředitel zámku Antonín Lukáš
- Úvodní sportovní soutěže olympijských disciplín na LOH 1988 v Soulu
- O cestě televizního signálu z LOH v Soulu do ČSSR telefonuje člen technické skupiny ČST Rudolf Pop
- Zvířecí reportáž: Klisna Televizních novin Algara
This edition of Television News includes among others the following reports:
- Start of the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea
- The Press, Radio, and Television Day: the Rudé právo (The Red Right newspapers) celebrations in Prague
- Celebrations of the Press, Radio, and Television Day in Bratislava
- The International Engineering Fair in Brno – issue of the production of televisions, allowing to display teletext
- End of the official visit of the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Roland Dumas in Czechoslovakia – a press conference at the Hotel Forum
- Photo exhibition World Press Photo '88 in Moscow
- Monsoon rains and floods in Bangladesh
- Choreographic preparation of youth for Spartakiada 1990 in the sports hall in Žilina, Slovakia
- The final concert of the „Music Summer in Kroměříž“ in the Assembly Hall of the Kroměříž Archbishop's Palace
- Music archive of the Kroměříž Archbishop's Palace
OCTC Summer Studies Kromeriz
this includes video from the Archbishops Palace in Olomouc and the Gardens at Kromeriz
Lima, Peru virtual tour
There are slides of Municipal Palace of Lima, Archbishop's Palace of Lima, Cathedral of Lima, Plaza Mayor, Walls of Lima, etc.
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population of almost 10 million, Lima is the most populous metropolitan area of Peru, and the third largest city in the Americas, just behind São Paulo and Mexico City.
Lima was founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro on January 18, 1535, as Ciudad de los Reyes. It became the capital and most important city in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. Following the Peruvian War of Independence, it became the capital of the Republic of Peru. Today, around one-third of the Peruvian population lives in the metropolitan area.
Lima is home to one of the oldest higher learning institutions in the New World. The National University of San Marcos, founded on May 12 of 1551, during Spanish colonial regime, is the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas.
In October 2013, Lima was chosen in a ceremony in Toronto to host the 2019 Pan American Games. It also hosted the 2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference in December of that year and the Miss Universe 1982 pageant.
Catholic Church and Nazi Germany during World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:05:58 1 Holocaust
00:09:17 1.1 German Catholics and the Holocaust
00:27:33 2 Catholic Church in the Nazi Empire
00:27:44 2.1 Central Europe
00:46:08 2.2 Eastern Europe
01:08:56 2.3 Southern Europe
01:20:52 2.4 Western Europe
01:35:16 3 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.7831900137093113
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Several Catholic countries and populations fell under Nazi domination during the period of the Second World War (1939–1945), and ordinary Catholics fought on both sides of the conflict. Despite efforts to protect its rights within Germany under a 1933 Reichskonkordat treaty, the Church in Germany had faced persecution in the years since Adolf Hitler had seized power, and Pope Pius XI accused the Nazi government of sowing 'fundamental hostility to Christ and his Church'. Pius XII became Pope on the eve of war and lobbied world leaders to prevent the outbreak of conflict. His first encyclical, Summi Pontificatus, called the invasion of Poland an hour of darkness. He affirmed the policy of Vatican neutrality, but maintained links to the German Resistance. Despite being the only world leader to publicly and specifically denounce Nazi crimes against Jews in his 1942 Christmas Address, controversy surrounding his apparent reluctance to speak frequently and in even more explicit terms about Nazi crimes continues. He used diplomacy to aid war victims, lobbied for peace, shared intelligence with the Allies, and employed Vatican Radio and other media to speak out against atrocities like race murders. In Mystici corporis Christi (1943) he denounced the murder of the handicapped. A denunciation from German bishops of the murder of the innocent and defenceless, including people of a foreign race or descent, followed.Hitler's invasion of Catholic Poland sparked the War. Nazi policy towards the Church was at its most severe in the areas it annexed to the Reich, such as the Czech and Slovene lands, Austria and Poland. In Polish territories it annexed to Greater Germany, the Nazis set about systematically dismantling the Church—arresting its leaders, exiling its clergymen, closing its churches, monasteries and convents. Many clergymen were murdered. Over 1800 Catholic Polish clergy died in concentration camps; most notably, Saint Maximilian Kolbe. Nazi security chief Reinhard Heydrich soon orchestrated an intensification of restrictions on church activities in Germany. Hitler and his ideologues Goebbels, Himmler, Rosenberg and Bormann hoped to de-Christianize Germany in the long term. With the expansion of the war in the East, expropriation of monasteries, convents and church properties surged from 1941. Clergy were persecuted and sent to concentration camps, religious Orders had their properties seized, some youth were sterilized. The first priest to die was Aloysius Zuzek. Bishop August von Galen's ensuing 1941 denunciation of Nazi euthanasia and defence of human rights roused rare popular dissent. The German bishops denounced Nazi policy towards the church in pastoral letters, calling it unjust oppression.From 1940, the Nazis gathered priest-dissidents in dedicated clergy barracks at Dachau, where (95%) of its 2,720 inmates were Catholic (mostly Poles, and 411 Germans), 1,034 died there. Mary Fulbrook wrote that when politics encroached on the church, German Catholics were prepared to resist, but the record was otherwise patchy and uneven with notable exceptions, it seems that, for many Germans, adherence to the Christian faith proved compatible with at least passive acquiescence in, if not active support for, the Nazi dictatorship. Influential members of the German Resistance included Jesuits of the Kreisau Circle and laymen such as July plotters Klaus von Stauffenberg, Jakob Kaiser and Bern ...
Bratislava | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:05 1 Etymology
00:04:27 2 History
00:16:32 3 Geography
00:18:33 3.1 Climate
00:20:23 3.2 Location
00:20:32 4 Cityscape and architecture
00:24:31 4.1 Bratislava Castle
00:25:53 4.2 Devín Castle
00:26:43 4.3 Rusovce
00:27:24 4.4 Parks and lakes
00:29:51 5 Demographics
00:31:57 6 Politics
00:35:05 7 Economy
00:39:25 7.1 Tourism
00:41:09 7.2 Shopping
00:41:48 8 Culture
00:42:26 8.1 Performing arts
00:44:23 8.2 Museums and galleries
00:46:19 8.3 Media
00:47:18 9 Sport
00:52:32 10 Education and science
00:55:10 11 Transport
00:58:17 12 International relations
00:58:28 12.1 Twin towns and sister cities
00:58:55 13 Honorary citizens
00:59:10 14 Image gallery
00:59:20 15 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8441084669813766
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Bratislava (, also US: , Slovak: [ˈbracislaʋa] (listen); German: Preßburg or Pressburg [ˈprɛsbʊrk] (listen); Hungarian: Pozsony) is the capital of Slovakia. With a population of about 430,000, it is one of the smaller capitals of Europe but still the country's largest city. The greater metropolitan area is home to more than 650,000 people. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia, occupying both banks of the River Danube and the left bank of the River Morava. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two sovereign states.The city's history has been influenced by people of many nations and religions, including Austrians, Bulgarians, Croats, Czechs, Germans, Hungarians, Jews, Serbs and Slovaks. It was the coronation site and legislative center of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1536 to 1783, and has been home to many Slovak, Hungarian and German historical figures.
Bratislava is the political, cultural and economic centre of Slovakia. It is the seat of the Slovak president, the parliament and the Slovak Executive. It has several universities, and many museums, theatres, galleries and other cultural and educational institutions. Many of Slovakia's large businesses and financial institutions have headquarters there.
In 2017, Bratislava was ranked as the third richest region of the European Union by GDP (PPP) per capita (after Hamburg and Luxembourg City). GDP at purchasing power parity is about three times higher than in other Slovak regions.Bratislava also receives around 1 million tourists every year.
Bratislava | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Bratislava
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Bratislava (; Slovak pronunciation: [ˈbratislaʋa] (listen), German: Preßburg or Pressburg IPA: [ˈpʁɛsbʊɐ̯k], Hungarian: Pozsony) is the capital of Slovakia. With a population of about 450,000, it is one of the smaller capitals of Europe but still the country's largest city. The greater metropolitan area is home to more than 650,000 people. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia, occupying both banks of the River Danube and the left bank of the River Morava. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two sovereign states.The city's history has been strongly influenced by people of different nations and religions, namely (in alphabetical order) Austrians, Bulgarians, Croats, Czechs, Germans, Hungarians, Jews, Serbs and Slovaks. It was the coronation site and legislative center of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1536 to 1783, and has been home to many Slovak, Hungarian and German historical figures.
Bratislava is the political, cultural and economic centre of Slovakia. It is the seat of the Slovak president, the parliament and the Slovak Executive. It has several universities, and many museums, theatres, galleries and other cultural and educational institutions. Many of Slovakia's large businesses and financial institutions have headquarters there.
Slovakia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:01 1 Etymology
00:04:46 2 History
00:06:25 2.1 Bronze Age
00:07:28 2.2 Iron Age
00:07:36 2.2.1 Hallstatt Period
00:08:45 2.2.2 La Tène Period
00:09:39 2.2.3 Roman Period
00:11:10 2.3 Great invasions from the 4th to 7th centuries
00:12:15 2.4 Slavic states
00:13:06 2.5 Great Moravia (830–before 907)
00:17:12 2.6 Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1918)
00:21:21 2.7 Czechoslovakia (1918–1939)
00:23:35 2.8 World War II (1939–1945)
00:26:08 2.9 Soviet influence and Communist party rule (1948–1989)
00:27:26 2.10 Establishment of the Slovak Republic (after 1993)
00:28:57 3 Geography
00:29:45 3.1 Tatra mountains
00:31:09 3.2 National parks
00:31:25 3.3 Caves
00:32:05 3.4 Rivers
00:33:42 3.5 Climate
00:37:18 4 Biodiversity
00:38:04 4.1 Fungi
00:38:48 5 Politics and government
00:40:56 5.1 Foreign relations
00:42:21 5.2 Military
00:43:32 5.3 Human rights
00:44:36 5.4 Administrative divisions
00:46:02 6 Economy
00:49:35 6.1 Industry
00:51:25 6.2 Energy
00:53:24 6.3 Transportation
00:55:17 6.4 Tourism
00:58:24 6.5 Science
00:59:39 7 Demographics
01:00:45 7.1 Languages
01:01:58 7.2 Religion
01:03:33 7.3 Education
01:05:28 8 Culture
01:05:37 8.1 Folk tradition
01:07:21 8.2 Art
01:08:33 8.3 Literature
01:10:00 8.4 Cuisine
01:11:46 8.5 Sport
01:14:23 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Slovakia ( (listen); Slovak: Slovensko [ˈslɔʋɛnskɔ] (listen)), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovenská republika, listen ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5.4 million and consists mostly of Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, and the second largest city is Košice. The official language is Slovak.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 7th century, they played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra, which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia to establish Great Moravia. In the 10th century, after the dissolution of Great Moravia, the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary, which would become the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000.. In 1241 and 1242, much of the territory was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasion of Central and Eastern Europe. The area was recovered largely thanks to Béla IV of Hungary who also settled Germans which became an important ethnic group in the area, especially in what are today parts of central and eastern Slovakia. After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Czechoslovak National Council established Czechoslovakia (1918–1939). A separate (First) Slovak Republic (1939–1945) existed during World War II as a totalitarian, clero-fascist one-party client state of Nazi Germany. At the end of World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-established as an independent country. A coup in 1948 ushered in a totalitarian one-party state under the Communist regime during whose rule the country existed as a satellite of the Soviet Union. Attempts for liberalization of communism in Czechoslovakia culminated in the Prague Spring, which was crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended the Communist rule in Czechoslovakia peacefully. Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce.
Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index, a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance and peacefulness. The ...
Slovakia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:57 1 Etymology
00:04:41 2 History
00:06:20 2.1 Bronze Age
00:07:21 2.2 Iron Age
00:07:29 2.2.1 Hallstatt Period
00:08:37 2.2.2 La Tène Period
00:09:30 2.2.3 Roman Period
00:10:59 2.3 Great invasions from the 4th to 7th centuries
00:12:03 2.4 Slavic states
00:12:54 2.5 Great Moravia (830–before 907)
00:16:58 2.6 Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1918)
00:21:02 2.7 Czechoslovakia (1918–1939)
00:23:14 2.8 World War II (1939–1945)
00:25:44 2.9 Soviet influence and Communist party rule (1948–1989)
00:27:00 2.10 Establishment of the Slovak Republic (after 1993)
00:28:30 3 Geography
00:29:17 3.1 Tatra mountains
00:30:40 3.2 National parks
00:30:56 3.3 Caves
00:31:37 3.4 Rivers
00:33:13 3.5 Climate
00:36:44 4 Biodiversity
00:37:31 4.1 Fungi
00:38:14 5 Politics and government
00:40:20 5.1 Foreign relations
00:41:46 5.2 Military
00:42:54 5.3 Human rights
00:43:59 5.4 Administrative divisions
00:45:22 6 Economy
00:48:51 6.1 Industry
00:50:37 6.2 Energy
00:52:32 6.3 Transportation
00:54:24 6.4 Tourism
00:57:25 6.5 Science
00:58:39 7 Demographics
00:59:43 7.1 Languages
01:00:55 7.2 Religion
01:02:28 7.3 Education
01:04:21 8 Culture
01:04:30 8.1 Folk tradition
01:06:13 8.2 Art
01:07:22 8.3 Literature
01:08:49 8.4 Cuisine
01:10:33 8.5 Sport
01:13:06 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9062763115065907
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Slovakia ( (listen); Slovak: Slovensko [ˈslɔʋɛnskɔ] (listen)), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovenská republika, listen ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5.4 million and consists mostly of Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, and the second largest city is Košice. The official language is Slovak.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 7th century, they played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra, which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia to establish Great Moravia. In the 10th century, after the dissolution of Great Moravia, the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary, which would become the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000. In 1241 and 1242, much of the territory was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasion of Central and Eastern Europe. The area was recovered largely thanks to Béla IV of Hungary who also settled Germans which became an important ethnic group in the area, especially in what are today parts of central and eastern Slovakia. After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Czechoslovak National Council established Czechoslovakia (1918–1939). A separate (First) Slovak Republic (1939–1945) existed during World War II as a totalitarian, clero-fascist one-party client state of Nazi Germany. At the end of World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-established as an independent country. A coup in 1948 ushered in a totalitarian one-party state under the Communist regime during whose rule the country existed as a satellite of the Soviet Union. Attempts for liberalization of communism in Czechoslovakia culminated in the Prague Spring, which was crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended the Communist rule in Czechoslovakia peacefully. Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce.
Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index, a very hi ...
Slovakia | Wikipedia audio article
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Slovakia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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SUMMARY
=======
Slovakia ( ( listen); Slovak: Slovensko [ˈslɔʋɛnskɔ] ( listen)), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovenská republika, listen ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5.4 million and consists mostly of Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, second largest city is Košice. The official language is Slovak.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 7th century, they played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra, which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia to establish Great Moravia. In the 10th century, after the dissolution of Great Moravia, the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary, which would become the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000.. In 1241 and 1242, much of the territory was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasion of Central and Eastern Europe. The area was recovered largely thanks to Béla IV of Hungary who also settled Germans which became an important ethnic group in the area, especially in what are today parts of central and eastern Slovakia. After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Czechoslovak National Council established Czechoslovakia (1918–1939). A separate (First) Slovak Republic (1939–1945) existed during World War II as a totalitarian, clero-fascist one-party client state of Nazi Germany. At the end of World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-established as an independent country. A coup in 1948 ushered in a totalitarian one-party state under the Communist regime during whose rule the country existed as a satellite of the Soviet Union. Attempts for liberalization of communism in Czechoslovakia culminated in the Prague Spring, which was crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended the Communist rule in Czechoslovakia peacefully. Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce.
Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index, a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance and peacefulness. The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system. Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care, free education and one of the longest paid parental leave in the OECD. The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009. Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area, NATO, the United Nations, the OECD, the WTO, CERN, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group. Although regional income inequality is high, 90% of citizens own their homes. In 2018, Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 179 countries and territories, ranking the Slovak passport 10th in the world. Slovakia is the world's largest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone and the 7th largest car producer in the European Union. The car industry represents 43% of Slovakia's industrial output, and a quarter of its exports.
Pope Pius XII | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Pope Pius XII
00:02:34 1 Early life
00:05:28 2 Church career
00:05:37 2.1 Priest and Monsignor
00:09:23 2.2 Archbishop and Papal nuncio
00:16:48 2.3 Cardinal Secretary of State and Camerlengo
00:22:19 2.4 iReichskonkordat/i and iMit brennender Sorge/i
00:27:29 2.5 iRelation with the Media/i
00:27:51 3 Papacy
00:28:00 3.1 Election and coronation
00:30:16 3.2 Appointments
00:32:10 3.3 Consistories
00:34:00 4 Church reforms
00:34:09 4.1 Liturgy reforms
00:35:49 4.2 Canon Law reforms
00:36:44 4.3 Priests and religious
00:37:52 5 Theology
00:38:45 5.1 Theological orientation
00:38:54 5.1.1 Biblical research
00:39:52 5.1.2 The role of theology
00:40:47 5.2 Mariology and the dogma of the Assumption
00:40:58 5.2.1 World consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
00:41:35 5.2.2 The dogma of the Assumption of Mary
00:42:38 5.3 Social teachings
00:42:47 5.3.1 Medical theology
00:43:40 5.3.2 Family and sexuality
00:44:18 5.3.3 Theology and science
00:44:52 5.3.4 Evolution
00:45:52 5.3.5 Capital punishment
00:46:48 5.4 Encyclicals, writings and speeches
00:49:41 5.5 Feasts and devotions
00:50:21 6 Canonisations and beatifications
00:51:13 7 World War II
00:53:20 7.1 Outbreak of war
00:53:29 7.1.1 Summi Pontificatus
00:57:34 7.1.2 Invasion of Poland
01:00:31 7.1.3 Early actions to end conflict
01:04:29 7.1.4 Widening conflict
01:09:49 7.1.5 Final stages
01:10:27 7.2 Holocaust
01:25:09 7.2.1 Jewish orphans controversy
01:26:27 8 Post-World War II
01:31:46 9 Later life, illness and death
01:31:56 9.1 Late years of Pope Pius XII
01:33:40 9.2 Illness and death
01:36:03 9.3 Botched embalming
01:37:32 9.4 Funeral
01:38:22 10 Cause for canonisation
01:41:57 10.1 Potential miracle
01:42:26 11 Views, interpretations and scholarship
01:42:37 11.1 Contemporary
01:45:55 11.2 Early historical accounts
01:47:05 11.3 iThe Deputy/i
01:49:37 11.4 iActes/i
01:50:21 11.5 iHitler's Pope/i and iThe Myth of Hitler's Pope/i
01:56:35 11.6 International Catholic-Jewish Historical Commission
02:01:02 11.7 Recent developments
02:05:16 12 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Pope Pius XII (Italian: Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (Italian pronunciation: [euˈdʒɛːnjo maˈriːa dʒuˈzɛppe dʒoˈvanni paˈtʃɛlli]; 2 March 1876 – 9 October 1958), was the Pope of the Catholic Church from 2 March 1939 to his death. Before his election to the papacy, he served as secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, papal nuncio to Germany, and Cardinal Secretary of State, in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with European and Latin American nations, most notably the Reichskonkordat with Nazi Germany.While the Vatican was officially neutral during World War II, Pius XII maintained links to the German Resistance, used diplomacy to aid the victims of the war and lobby for peace, and spoke out against race-based murders and other atrocities. The Reichskonkordat and his leadership of the Catholic Church during the war remain the subject of controversy—including allegations of public silence and inaction about the fate of the Jews. After the war, he advocated peace and reconciliation, including lenient policies towards former Axis and Axis-satellite nations. He was also a staunch opponent of Communism and of the Italian Communist Party.
During his papacy, the Church issued the Decree against Communism, declaring that Catholics who profess Communist doctrine are to be excommunicated as apostates from the Christian faith. In turn, the Church experienced severe persecution and mass deportations of Catholic clergy in the Eastern Bloc. He explicitly invoked ex cathedra papal infallibility with the dogma of the Assumption of Mary in his Apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus. His magisterium includes almost 1,000 addresses and radio broadcasts. His forty-one encyclicals include Mystici corporis, the Church as the Body of Christ; Mediator Dei on liturgy reform; and Humani generis on the Chur ...
Slovakia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:01 1 Etymology
00:04:46 2 History
00:06:25 2.1 Bronze Age
00:07:28 2.2 Iron Age
00:07:36 2.2.1 Hallstatt Period
00:08:45 2.2.2 La Tène Period
00:09:39 2.2.3 Roman Period
00:11:10 2.3 Great invasions from the 4th to 7th centuries
00:12:15 2.4 Slavic states
00:13:06 2.5 Great Moravia (830–before 907)
00:17:12 2.6 Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1918)
00:21:21 2.7 Czechoslovakia (1918–1939)
00:23:35 2.8 World War II (1939–1945)
00:26:08 2.9 Soviet influence and Communist party rule (1948–1989)
00:27:26 2.10 Establishment of the Slovak Republic (after 1993)
00:28:57 3 Geography
00:29:45 3.1 Tatra mountains
00:31:09 3.2 National parks
00:31:25 3.3 Caves
00:32:05 3.4 Rivers
00:33:42 3.5 Climate
00:37:18 4 Biodiversity
00:38:04 4.1 Fungi
00:38:48 5 Politics and government
00:40:56 5.1 Foreign relations
00:42:21 5.2 Military
00:43:32 5.3 Human rights
00:44:36 5.4 Administrative divisions
00:46:02 6 Economy
00:49:35 6.1 Industry
00:51:25 6.2 Energy
00:53:24 6.3 Transportation
00:55:17 6.4 Tourism
00:58:23 6.5 Science
00:59:38 7 Demographics
01:00:44 7.1 Languages
01:01:58 7.2 Religion
01:03:32 7.3 Education
01:05:27 8 Culture
01:05:36 8.1 Folk tradition
01:07:21 8.2 Art
01:08:32 8.3 Literature
01:10:00 8.4 Cuisine
01:11:46 8.5 Sport
01:14:22 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Slovakia ( (listen); Slovak: Slovensko [ˈslɔʋɛnskɔ] (listen)), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovenská republika, listen ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5.4 million and consists mostly of Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, and the second largest city is Košice. The official language is Slovak.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 7th century, they played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra, which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia to establish Great Moravia. In the 10th century, after the dissolution of Great Moravia, the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary, which would become the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000.. In 1241 and 1242, much of the territory was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasion of Central and Eastern Europe. The area was recovered largely thanks to Béla IV of Hungary who also settled Germans which became an important ethnic group in the area, especially in what are today parts of central and eastern Slovakia. After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Czechoslovak National Council established Czechoslovakia (1918–1939). A separate (First) Slovak Republic (1939–1945) existed during World War II as a totalitarian, clero-fascist one-party client state of Nazi Germany. At the end of World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-established as an independent country. A coup in 1948 ushered in a totalitarian one-party state under the Communist regime during whose rule the country existed as a satellite of the Soviet Union. Attempts for liberalization of communism in Czechoslovakia culminated in the Prague Spring, which was crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended the Communist rule in Czechoslovakia peacefully. Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce.
Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index, a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurement ...
Slovakia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Slovakia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Slovakia ( (listen); Slovak: Slovensko [ˈslɔʋɛnskɔ] (listen)), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovenská republika, listen ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5.4 million and consists mostly of Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, second largest city is Košice. The official language is Slovak.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 7th century, they played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra, which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia to establish Great Moravia. In the 10th century, after the dissolution of Great Moravia, the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary, which would become the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000.. In 1241 and 1242, much of the territory was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasion of Central and Eastern Europe. The area was recovered largely thanks to Béla IV of Hungary who also settled Germans which became an important ethnic group in the area, especially in what are today parts of central and eastern Slovakia. After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Czechoslovak National Council established Czechoslovakia (1918–1939). A separate (First) Slovak Republic (1939–1945) existed during World War II as a totalitarian, clero-fascist one-party client state of Nazi Germany. At the end of World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-established as an independent country. A coup in 1948 ushered in a totalitarian one-party state under the Communist regime during whose rule the country existed as a satellite of the Soviet Union. Attempts for liberalization of communism in Czechoslovakia culminated in the Prague Spring, which was crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended the Communist rule in Czechoslovakia peacefully. Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce.
Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index, a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance and peacefulness. The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system. Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care, free education and one of the longest paid parental leave in the OECD. The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009. Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area, NATO, the United Nations, the OECD, the WTO, CERN, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group. Although regional income inequality is high, 90% of citizens own their homes. In 2018, Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 179 countries and territories, ranking the Slovak passport 10th in the world. Slovakia is the world's largest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone and the 7th largest car producer in the European Union. The car industry represents 43% of Slovakia's industrial output, and a quarter of its exports.
Slovakia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Slovakia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Slovakia ( ( listen); Slovak: Slovensko [ˈslɔʋɛnskɔ] ( listen)), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovenská republika, listen ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5.4 million and consists mostly of Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, second largest city is Košice. The official language is Slovak.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 7th century, they played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra, which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia to establish Great Moravia. In the 10th century, after the dissolution of Great Moravia, the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary, which would become the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000.. In 1241 and 1242, much of the territory was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasion of Central and Eastern Europe. The area was recovered largely thanks to Béla IV of Hungary who also settled Germans which became an important ethnic group in the area, especially in what are today parts of central and eastern Slovakia. After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Czechoslovak National Council established Czechoslovakia (1918–1939). A separate (First) Slovak Republic (1939–1945) existed during World War II as a totalitarian, clero-fascist one-party client state of Nazi Germany. At the end of World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-established as an independent country. A coup in 1948 ushered in a totalitarian one-party state under the Communist regime during whose rule the country existed as a satellite of the Soviet Union. Attempts for liberalization of communism in Czechoslovakia culminated in the Prague Spring, which was crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended the Communist rule in Czechoslovakia peacefully. Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce.
Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index, a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance and peacefulness. The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system. Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care, free education and one of the longest paid parental leave in the OECD. The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009. Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area, NATO, the United Nations, the OECD, the WTO, CERN, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group. Although regional income inequality is high, 90% of citizens own their homes. In 2018, Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 179 countries and territories, ranking the Slovak passport 10th in the world. Slovakia is the world's largest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone and the 7th largest car producer in the European Union. The car industry represents 43% of Slovakia's industrial output, and a quarter of its exports.
Slovakia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Slovakia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Slovakia ( (listen); Slovak: Slovensko [ˈslɔʋɛnskɔ] (listen)), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovenská republika, listen ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5.4 million and consists mostly of Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, second largest city is Košice. The official language is Slovak.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 7th century, they played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra, which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia to establish Great Moravia. In the 10th century, after the dissolution of Great Moravia, the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary, which would become the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000.. In 1241 and 1242, much of the territory was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasion of Central and Eastern Europe. The area was recovered largely thanks to Béla IV of Hungary who also settled Germans which became an important ethnic group in the area, especially in what are today parts of central and eastern Slovakia. After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Czechoslovak National Council established Czechoslovakia (1918–1939). A separate (First) Slovak Republic (1939–1945) existed during World War II as a totalitarian, clero-fascist one-party client state of Nazi Germany. At the end of World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-established as an independent country. A coup in 1948 ushered in a totalitarian one-party state under the Communist regime during whose rule the country existed as a satellite of the Soviet Union. Attempts for liberalization of communism in Czechoslovakia culminated in the Prague Spring, which was crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended the Communist rule in Czechoslovakia peacefully. Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce.
Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index, a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance and peacefulness. The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system. Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care, free education and one of the longest paid parental leave in the OECD. The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009. Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area, NATO, the United Nations, the OECD, the WTO, CERN, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group. Although regional income inequality is high, 90% of citizens own their homes. In 2018, Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 179 countries and territories, ranking the Slovak passport 10th in the world. Slovakia is the world's largest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone and the 7th largest car producer in the European Union. The car industry represents 43% of Slovakia's industrial output, and a quarter of its exports.