4K Russia | Moscow New year 2020 | Petrovka street walking tour
Petrovka is one of the main and oldest streets in the center of Moscow. Located in the central administrative district of the city on the territory of the Tver district. Passes from Theater Square (the beginning of the numbering of houses) to the Middle Karetny Lane.
The street got its name from the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, founded at the end of the 14th century [3]. The name Petrovka has been used since the beginning of the 17th century and has never changed since then, which is considered a rarity for the historic streets of central Moscow. In the XVIII century, the street began to be intensively built up - in the second half of the century there appeared mansions of Moscow nobility. In the XIX century, Petrovka became one of the main shopping streets in Moscow. Despite a series of reconstructions of the 20th century that changed the architectural ensemble of the street, many remarkable historical buildings have survived on Petrovka.
The street formed as a road from the Trinity Gate of the Kremlin towards the village of Vysoky and the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery located near it. The village of Vysokoe got its name from the high bank of the Neglinnaya River. Later, the road was extended to the village of Suschev (in the area of modern Suschevsky Val). In the 17th century, the entire street from the Kremlin to Zemlyanoy Val was called Petrovka. In 1793, the initial part of the street was converted into Okhotny Ryad Square, in 1817 the next section was converted to Petrovskaya Square, later renamed Teatralnaya. In the same period, Petrovka “lost” the final part, called the Karetny Ryad.
The “cannon” and “Kuznetsk” settlements adjoined the right side of the initial section of the street. A little further from the center settled tabletops (weavers). Slobodskaya place names are preserved in the names of the streets adjacent to Petrovka: Pushechnaya Street, Kuznetskiy Most, Stoleshnikov Lane. Opposite the Petrovsky Monastery was a monastery working settlement. In 1620, a settlement of countertops built on Petrovka the parish church of the Nativity of the Virgin.
Until the middle of the 18th century, due to frequent spills that flowed east of the Neglinnaya River street, only the left part of the street (except for the Petrovsky Monastery) was built up, then the block between Petrovka and modern Neglinnaya Street was densely built up.
Beginning in the second half of the 18th century, the estates of the nobility began to appear on Petrovka: the courtyard of Prince V.F. Siberian (opposite the Bolshoi Theater), the Vorontsov-Raevsky estate, the estate of Prince Shcherbatov, the Buturlin estate. In 1790, M.F. Kazakov completely rebuilt the estate of the merchant Gubin.
In 1824, at the beginning of the street, the modern building of the Bolshoi Theater was built.
In the XIX century, Petrovka gained fame as one of the main shopping streets in Moscow. It traded mainly in clothing and luxury goods. Most of the shops and stores belonged to foreigners. At the end of the century, two large buildings (No. 18-20) were built on the right side of the street, with shops located in the lower floors and apartments and hotels in the upper floors. The passage between the buildings was donated to the city and became Petrovsky Lines Street. At the beginning of the 20th century, the importance of Petrovka as a shopping street grew even more - in 1898 the house and store of the Depot wine trading company were built, in 1906 the Petrovsky Passage, in 1908 the Mur and Meriliz store, which was later transformed into the Central Department Store [5].
In 1930, at the busy intersection of two main shopping streets of the city - Petrovka and Kuznetsk Bridge - the first traffic light in Moscow was installed.
In 1927, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin was demolished in Stoleshniki, standing on the corner with Stoleshnikov Lane, and in 1948 all historical buildings on the left side of the street between Kuznetsk Most and Stoleshnikov Lane (houses from No. 5 to No. 15) were destroyed, including the famous house Annenkova. It was planned to build new houses, which it never began; in the Soviet period, a wide sidewalk was built here in front of second-line houses, which received the numbers of destroyed historical buildings. At the end of the 20th century, the buildings of the Marriott Aurora Hotel and the Berlin House shopping center were built here.
In Soviet times, several administrative buildings were built on the street, mostly pretty faceless. In 1970, a new TSUM building was erected; at the beginning of the 21st century, the building was renovated and rebuilt.
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