The Harvey B. Gantt Center for African-American Arts + Culture

Civil Rights Museum, Greensboro, North Carolina

Jesse Helms | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Jesse Helms


00:02:54 1 Childhood and education (1921–1940)
00:05:29 2 Marriage and family
00:05:49 3 Early career (1940–1972)
00:06:31 3.1 Entry into politics
00:08:39 3.2 Capitol Broadcasting Company
00:10:48 3.3 Senate campaign of 1972
00:13:29 4 First Senate term (1973–79)
00:13:41 4.1 Entering the Senate
00:16:19 4.2 Foreign policy
00:18:29 4.3 Nixon resignation
00:20:00 4.4 1976 presidential election
00:24:00 4.5 Torrijos–Carter treaties
00:26:02 4.6 1978 re-election campaign
00:28:31 5 Second Senate term (1979–1985)
00:28:43 5.1 New Senate term
00:31:21 5.2 1980 presidential election
00:33:51 5.3 Republicans take the Senate
00:35:38 5.4 Food stamp program
00:38:17 5.5 Economic policies
00:40:03 5.6 Social issues
00:44:12 5.7 Latin America
00:46:42 5.8 1984 re-election campaign
00:47:57 6 Third Senate term (1985–1991)
00:48:48 6.1 Foreign policy
00:53:54 6.2 HIV legislation
00:56:12 6.3 1990 re-election campaign
00:57:42 7 Fourth Senate term (1991–1997)
00:58:01 7.1 Keating Five investigation
00:59:18 7.2 National Endowment for the Arts
01:01:09 7.3 Remarks re Moseley Braun and Clinton
01:02:55 7.4 Republican majority
01:04:30 7.5 Helms–Burton Act
01:06:37 7.6 1996 re-election campaign
01:07:57 8 Fifth Senate term (1997–2003)
01:08:09 8.1 Weld ambassadorial nomination
01:09:26 8.2 Cuba
01:12:20 8.3 Final Senate years
01:19:31 8.4 Retirement
01:20:26 9 Post-Senate life (2003–2008)
01:21:35 9.1 Death
01:22:14 10 Social and political views
01:22:24 10.1 Views on race
01:25:12 10.2 Views on homosexuality
01:27:58 11 Personal life
01:28:07 11.1 Family
01:28:37 11.2 Religious views
01:30:30 11.3 Awards
01:30:51 11.4 In popular culture
01:31:11 12 Works
01:32:05 13 See also



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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
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Jesse Alexander Helms Jr. (October 18, 1921 – July 4, 2008) was an American politician and a leader in the conservative movement. He was elected five times as a Republican to the United States Senate from North Carolina. As chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee from 1995 to 2001 he had a major voice in foreign policy. Helms helped organize and fund the conservative resurgence in the 1970s, focusing on Ronald Reagan's quest for the White House as well as helping many local and regional candidates.
Helms was the longest-serving popularly elected Senator in North Carolina's history. He was widely credited with shifting the one-party state into a competitive two-party state. He successfully advocated the movement of conservatives from the Democratic Party – which they deemed too liberal – to the Republican Party. The Helms-controlled National Congressional Club's state-of-the-art direct mail operation raised millions of dollars for Helms and other conservative candidates, allowing Helms to outspend his opponents in most of his campaigns. Helms was the most stridently conservative politician of the post-1960s era, especially in opposition to federal intervention into what he considered state affairs (including legislating integration via the Civil Rights Act and enforcing suffrage through the Voting Rights Act).
Helms was credited by even his most critical opponents with providing excellent constituent services through his Senate office. As long-time chairman of the powerful Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he demanded a staunchly anti-communist foreign policy that would reward America's friends abroad, and punish its enemies. His relations with the State Department were often acrimonious, and he blocked numerous presidential appointees. However, he worked smoothly with Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.In domestic affairs, Helms promoted industrial development in the South, seeking low taxes and few labor unions so as to attract northern and international corporations to relocate to North Carolina. On social issues, Helms was conservative. He was a master obstructionist who relished his nickname, Senator No. He combined cultural, social and economic conserv ...