Young volunteers in Moscow campaign for Navalny
(12 Dec 2017) Muscovite teenagers Kirill Strizhov and Alexander Pelevin have never known a Russia without President Vladimir Putin.
Now, they say, the time has come for a younger leader.
While most of their classmates relax at home, the two dedicate their weekends canvassing for opposition leader Alexei Navalny, the lawyer turned anti-corruption campaigner who triggered mass protests this year when he released an investigation into the personal assets of former President Dmitry Medvedev.
Navalny is running for president in next year's elections, although it remains to be seen if authorities will allow it, due to a criminal conviction his supporters say was politically motivated that bars him from running.
Youth volunteers like Strizhov, 15, and Pelevin, 17, made up a large part of the crowds who marched in support of Navalny in cities ranging from Nizhny Novgorod to Vladivostok.
A lot of young people watch Navalny's YouTube channel, it's a new, informative platform for us teenagers, says Strizhov, who volunteered full-time following the Medvedev investigation.
He says that before he had been apolitical, but that Navalny explains complicated subjects in a way that we can understand.
The young activists are well informed about the economy, infrastructure problems in Russia's regions and the latest corruption cases, and say they want change.
All our money is falling into the pockets of officials and civil servants, Pelevin told the Associated Press. We need an actual future.
In today's Russia, there is a growing gulf between the Soviet-born older generation, dependent on state television and government propaganda for their information, and Russia's Western-looking, tech-savvy millennials.
This discrepancy is no more apparent than when the boys visit apartment blocks on the city outskirts, trying to get pensioners to engage with Navalny's anti-Putin message.
Pelevin's parents, Tatiana and Alexander, know all too well the risks that their son is taking in supporting the man who poses a very real, political threat to Putin.
In 2012 their older son was detained and fined for joining massive rallies in Moscow against Putin's rule, the largest protests during his tenure.
According to local news reports, Navalny campaign volunteers (and their families) in towns such as Vladimir and Kemerovo have been threatened, intimidated and fired from their jobs.
Last week, ultra-nationalists attacked his campaign headquarters in Chelyabinsk.
I do suffer sometimes but I support his choice says Tatiana, a painter.
Our children will only be able to live a normal life once this country becomes democratic and lawful.
Alexander, a geologist-turned-poet, and himself vocal supporter of Navalny, was surprised by how seriously his son takes his activism.
Straight after his studies, he goes out canvassing and doesn't return until nine or ten at night… he's exhausted!
Authorities are expected to decide in the coming weeks if they'll allow Navalny to register for the race, despite a 2013 embezzlement conviction supporters say was fabricated as a response to his political activity.
One of his campaign managers, Sergei Boiko, assumes he will not be barred.
Navalny has returned real, street politics to Russia, he said, noting that regardless of what happens, the highly-organised campaign has visibly inspired and mobilised thousands of young people.
The main question is what's next? said Pelevin.
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Meteorite crash in Russia: UFO fears spark panic in the Urals
A series of explosions in the skies of Russia's Urals region, reportedly caused by a meteor shower, has sparked panic in three major cities. Witnesses said that houses shuddered, windows were blown out and cellphones stopped working.
Atmospheric phenomena have been registered in the cities of Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg and Tyumen.
In Chelyabinsk, witnesses said the explosion was so loud that it resembled an earthquake and thunder at the same time, and that there were huge trails of smoke across the sky. Others reported seeing burning objects fall to earth.
Police in the Chelyabinsk region are reportedly on high alert, and have enacted the 'Fortress' plan in order to protect vital infrastructure.
Office buildings in downtown Chelyabinsk are being evacuated. Injuries were reported at one of the city's secondary schools, supposedly from smashed windows. No other injuries have been reported so far.
An emergency message published on the website of the Chelyabinsk regional authority urged residents to pick up their children from school and remain at home if possible.
The regional Emergency Ministry said the phenomenon was a meteorite shower, but locals have speculated that it was a military fighter jet crash or a missile explosion.
According to preliminary data, the flashes seen over the Urals were caused by [a] meteorite shower, the Emergency Ministry told Itar-Tass news agency.
Many locals reported that the explosion rattled their houses and smashed windows.
This explosion, my ears popped, windows were smashed... phone doesn't work, Evgeniya Gabun wrote on Twitter.
My window smashed, I am all shaking! Everybody says, that a plane crashed, Twitter user Katya Grechannikova reported.
Many speculated on what caused the powerful explosion -- some claimed it was a crashed plane, while others said it could have been a UFO.
My windows were not smashed, but I first thought that my house is being dismantled, then I thought it was a UFO, and my eventual thought was an earthquake, Bukreeva Olga wrote on Twitter.
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The Drive On Moscow - Russian Civil War Summer 1919 I THE GREAT WAR 1919
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The summer of 1919 was a pivotal moment in the Russian Civil War. Backed with Allied support the White movement went on the offensive in the East under Alexander Kolchak and in the South under Anton Denikin. However, the Bolsheviks were not wasting time either. They consolidated their power and got the Red Army into shape to crush the enemy once and for all.
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» SOURCES
Smele, Jonathan. The ‘Russian’ Civil Wars 1916-1926 (London: Hurst, 2015).
Makhno, Nestor. The Struggle Against the State and Other Essays. AK Press: Edinburgh & San Francisco, 1996.
Mawdsley, Evan. The Russian Civil War (New York: Pegasus Books, 2005).
Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished. Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917-1923 (Penguin, 2017)
Sumpf, Alexandre. “Russian Civil War,” in 1914-1918 online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
Mawdsley, Evan. “International Responses to the Russian Civil War,” in 1914-1918 online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
Leonhard, Jörn. Der überforderte Frieden. Versailles und die Welt 1918-1923 (CH Beck, 2018).
Figes, Orlando. A People’s Tragedy. The Russian Revolution (London: The Bodley Head, 2017 [1996]).
Gilley, Christopher: Makhno, Nestor Ivanovich , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2014-10-08
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
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Research by: Jesse Alexander
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Original Logo: David van Stephold
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All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2019
Medal count update: not a good day for Russia
SB Nation's puppet broadcast team is back with the most recent medal count on a day when the Russian hockey team lost and beloved skating sensation Yulia Lipnitskaya fell during her short program. How did Boris take the news?
Top 10 Scary Russian Urban Legends - Part 3
Top 10 Scary Russian Urban Legends - Part 3
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Hi everyone. Good to see you again. Today we've got a fantastic video - its about Russia - you guys cant seem to get enough of Russia - its one of the only countries where we kept getting requests after a part 2 - I went back and found loads more good ones - lets have more of that and less of me - my name is Danny Burke and this is the Top 10 Scary Russian Urban Legends - Part 3
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RUSSIA: PRIME MINISTER KIRIYENKO RECOVERY PLAN SPEECH
Russian/Nat
Russian Prime Minister Sergei Kiriyenko appealed to the Duma (the lower house of parliament) on Wednesday to approve austerity measures needed to tackle the country's financial crisis quickly.
He said that failing to do so would have severe consequences for the country.
A week after Prime Minister Kiriyenko unveiled his anti-crisis programme to the government, he made a personal appeal to parliament to approve his economic proposals quickly.
Sergei Kiriyenko outlined the government's recovery plan in a speech to members of parliament.
The proposal includes 26 measures aimed mostly at cutting the budget and improving tax collection.
But the Communists, who dominate the legislature, have not yet indicated whether or not they will pass the measures.
He warned parliamentarians that delaying any decision could worsen the already critical situation in the country.
SOUNDBITE: (Russian)
We cannot put off a decision. The world financial crisis, government expenditure exceeding income, serious financial and social conditions in the country means that we cannot postpone the decision any. Government decrees have already been prepared. What is important is that not taking a decision is de facto a decision which has grave consequences.
SUPERCAPTION: Sergei Kiriyenko, Russian Prime Minister
Among those keenly listening to his speech was a delegation of coal miners who've been camped outside the White House
They haven't been paid their wages in month, and are demanding President Yeltsin's resignation.
Another group who are keenly watching Kiriyenko is the International Monetary Fund.
SOUNDBITE: (Russian)
It's absolutely clear for us that any loans including those from the I-M-F are just a temporary measure giving us a safety net. If we would simply just take the credit and not carry out a stabilization programme it would be senseless, because in four or five months we'll have worse debts. Our main aim is to balance income and expenditure not later than the 1st December this year.
SUPER CAPTION: Sergei Kiriyenko, Russian Prime Minister
Communists in parliament, who've consistently opposed spending cuts, say Kiriyenko's government is nothing but a puppet of the president.
SOUNDBITE: (Russian)
Today the executive power is in the hands of the President who is now incapable of performing his duties. As for the government they come and go. They don't wield any influence. Mr Kiriyenko promised that he was going to form a government of professionals but instead we've got a bunch of featherweights from the bottom league. There are hardly any professionals in the government.
SUPER CAPTION: Gennady Zyuganov, Communist Party Leader
The market-reform faction, Yabloko while opposing the government is backing Kiriyenko's austerity programme but believes it should be implemented without parliament's approval.
SOUNDBITE: (English)
They should act. One, two, three. What they have to do. They must realise all those things. They have to use the decrees of the president, their own statements and do all these things practically. Such discussions in the parliament have no practical sense and even I think they are damaging the situation.
SUPER CAPTION: Grigory Yavlinsky, Yabloko Leader
Russian lawmakers said some of the government's anti-crisis economic measures were likely to get preliminary approval before the legislature begins its summer recess on Friday.
But the legislature is likely to oppose some of the proposals, and a final decision is not expected before a special session in mid-July.
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David Wilcock | Financial Tyranny on Russian TV, Pt. 2: Jan. 30, 2013
Part Two of the epic Russian series, built off of David Wilcock's groundbreaking Financial Tyranny, on how the Federal Reserve bankers secretly financed both sides of World War I and II.
It was the ultimate bank robbery -- a sociopathic cabal of insiders who dreamed up and carried out the greatest crime in human history.
They were stealing gold -- which had been held in central banks as collateral to print currency for hundreds of years.
Some of the leaders secretly knew this was being done -- and were told it was for the good of humanity, as gold ownership would devastate world peace.
The gold was secretly put on deposit with the Federal Reserve -- and exchanged for worthless bonds, with face values of up to a billion dollars each.
This global heist allowed the Federal Reserve to eliminate all competition to their magic printing press -- so they could print 26 trillion dollars' worth of bailouts, as a Fed audit revealed.
Imagine if you could write numbers on a piece of paper and get real value for it in exchange. This was the greatest stunt of all -- and the Cabal actually pulled it off, worldwide.
A growing international alliance of countries want to defeat the Federal Reserve -- and restore unprecedented peace and prosperity to our planet.
This is the second of two episodes of We Never Dreamed, a popular show on REN-TV that airs on prime time. This episode was called The Dark Magic of Gold, and aired on January 30, 2013.
When the first episode aired on January 16, 2013, Germany demanded the Federal Reserve return 300 metric tons of gold on deposit that same day -- and also demanded France return their entire holdings of 376 metric tons.
Russia bravely stepped forward to reveal the secrets of the Illuminati, Lucifer, the Bilderberg meetings, the New World Order, and the greatest criminal act in human history.
See it now for the first time -- complete with English subtitles -- and enjoy!
CLICK ON THE CC LINK IN THE WINDOW TO ACTIVATE ENGLISH SUBTITLES.
[DISCLAIMER: David Wilcock does not agree with nor approve of all the content in this documentary. We have made this available as a public service to reveal how REN-TV handled this controversial and upsetting subject.]
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Metal Gear Solid 2: 30th Anniversary Remaster Movie [4K 60FPS]
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty holds a special place in my heart. Its story captivated me in ways that few others had, and it showed me how powerful can video games be as an art form.
I want fans and newcomers to experience its story in the best way possible, which is why I started this project.
This is my way to thank the creators of the Metal Gear franchise and celebrate its third-decade anniversary.
This remaster aims to combine the faithful visuals and sounds of the original PS2 version of the game with the high definition tweaks that the HD Collection brought to the PS3 and Xbox 360, while also recreating most of the 2D elements and FMVs from scratch and integrating some new ideas into the Codec conversations.
FEATURES
----------------
All cutscenes/gameplay footage were recorded at native 4K 60fps with FXAA and color grading shaders.
PS2: 512x448; PS3: 1280x720, 2x MSAA
Most FMVs were recreated from scratch in 4K and 60fps.
PS2: 512x320; PS3: 1280x720 (mostly upscaled/stretched to 16:9, except in a few rare occasions)
The Codec design and presentation were changed. I modified the post-processing filters to make the characters’ faces look sharper and less noisy, and I introduced a few new ideas and concepts. The FMVs used on the Codec calls were also recreated.
I used the highest accuracy settings in the PCSX2 emulator to ensure that the visuals are as faithful to the original PS2 version as possible.
The HD Collection lacked some post-processing effects like tone mapping and cross-fading; and some elements like the rain drops, Snake’s optic camouflage reflection and particles, and the heat waves effect were slightly downgraded. All these issues are absent in the PCSX2 emulator.
In order to keep the cinematography and FOVs intact, I rendered all cutscenes in their original 4:3 aspect ratio (with letterboxing), and cropped them to fit the whole screen (~1.85:1). I only used widescreen hacks for the gameplay segments.
I used the original PS2 audio files for all the cutscenes and dialogs, as the rest of ports and versions suffer from audio mixing issues.
PS2: MS-ADPCM 4 bits & Dolby AC-3 5.1; PS3: [Transcoded] ATRAC3 (Poor mixing on MGS2, MGS3 sounds fine)
Subtitles will be included in the video [YOU’LL BE ABLE TO CHOOSE YOUR LANGUAGE WITH THE CC BUTTON]
I will try to include as many subtitles as possible, but you are all welcome to contribute adding more languages or fixing mistakes.
At the time of writing, the following languages are planned:
English [ALREADY INCLUDED]
French
Russian (Using the translation made by ExclusivE Studio)
Spanish
I might also add German and Italian subtitles, which are already included in the original game.
This project was entirely made using open-source software
Aegisub
Blender
Ffmpeg
GIMP
Inkscape
Kdenlive
SubRip
Perm
Perm is a city and the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Kama River in the European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains. From 1940 to 1957 it was named Molotov.
According to the 2010 Census, Perm's population is 991,162, down from 1,001,653 recorded in the 2002 Census and 1,090,944 recorded in 1989 Census. As of the 2010 Census, the city was the thirteenth most populous in Russia.
This video is targeted to blind users.
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Learn English LIVE lesson - The origins of English - Sunday Chat - 4th June 2017 - with Mr Duncan
Learn English LIVE lesson. LIVE FROM ENGLAND Where does English come from? Chat live with Mr Duncan on the Live Chat box! Which movie could you watch again and again? What is your country well-known for?
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China Vs India The Fall Of India V2 2017 02 08 1419 11
In this second iteration of the Chinese Reich's response to the Indian Violation of it's territory, we see the outcome of a moderately more conventional approach, geared towards securing strategic positions, rather than genocide and nuclear holocaust to spur the collapse and subsequent full capitulation of the enemy state, as well as turnover of key demographics due to immigrants from the Imperial heartland, which will ensure loyalty of the majority long-term.
.
Instead of 400 million perishing like last time, a mere 300 million pass on.
.
Tajikistan--allied to China--is annexed by India, and later liberated by it's incorporation into the Chinese Reich.
.
Pakistan seizes Kashmir after Chinese forces clear the area, and they in turn donate the occupation of the cities to them as a token measure.
.
Somehow in the chaos and carnage, an allied Vietnamese unit opened fire on their Chinese comrades over Kashmir. Such could have been friendly fire, yet a press conference by the Vietnamese government did not adequately clarify that point of contention. Throughout the empire, the people were outraged, calling for an inquiry, and public executions for the surviving Vietnamese troops involved.
In response--somewhat reluctantly--China invaded her former ally with the intent to colonize, and force the new puppet government to try the war criminals who would shoot their friends in the back.
.
All sections of India East of Bangladesh were surrounded, their forces starved, and condemned to death under a constant hail of artillery fire, napalm, carpet bombing, nukes, and chemical weapons. Due to a lack of observers, and accurate pre-war census data, the exact civilian casualty figures, or number of atrocities committed remain unknown, but were doubtless in the millions for this regional sector of the country.
.
The nuclear submarine commanders left base and strafed the eastern seaboard of the Indian subcontinent; placing bets on who's ship would detonate the most Nukes successfully from their stockpiles before the order came to halt.
.
In this war, an utterly different outcome to the last attempt; by virtue of sparing the lives of 1/3 more enemy civilians, popular support for the leader succeeded in surpassing opposition to the war.
.
Government surpluses in the trillions of dollars, free public healthcare, 0% income tax for the poor, 21% for the middle class, and 43% for the elite.
a 14% Sales tax.
^Such did we achieve; yet the budensome unemployment rate remains.
.
With few enemies left to fight, the time has come for gross restructuring of the economy.
Join us next time as we wade through the post-war fallout, and try to fix the crushing socioeconomic problems of this mad world we have made.
Soviet industrialization | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:46 1 Soviet state's development
00:01:56 1.1 Industrialisation in practice
00:06:53 1.2 Collectivization of agriculture
00:11:56 1.3 Changes in Soviet society
00:18:00 2 The Great Purges
00:23:14 3 World War II
00:23:23 3.1 Foreign relations before 1941
00:27:45 3.2 Start of World War II
00:30:17 3.3 Great Patriotic War
00:34:02 3.4 Wartime developments
00:39:28 3.4.1 War and Stalinist industrial-military development
00:41:41 4 The Cold War
00:41:50 4.1 Soviet sovereignty over Eastern Europe
00:43:36 4.2 Tenor of Soviet–U.S. relations
00:45:01 4.3 Breakdown of postwar peace
00:48:43 5 Domestic events
00:52:52 5.1 Two visions of the world
00:54:01 5.2 Beginning of the Cold War
00:57:30 5.3 Containment and the Marshall Plan
01:02:04 5.4 Korean War
01:02:41 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8795243103263444
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of the Soviet Union between 1927 and 1953 covers the period in Soviet history from establishment of Stalinism through victory in the Second World War and down to the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. He sought to destroy his enemies while transforming Soviet society with aggressive economic planning, in particular a sweeping collectivization of agriculture and rapid development of heavy industry. Stalin consolidated his power within the party and the state and fostered an extensive cult of personality. Soviet secret-police and the mass-mobilization Communist Party served as Stalin's major tools in molding Soviet society. Stalin's brutal methods in achieving his goals, which included party purges, political repression of the general population, and forced collectivization, led to millions of deaths: in Gulag labor camps and during man-made famine.
World War II, known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union, devastated much of the USSR, with about one out of every three World War II deaths representing a citizen of the Soviet Union. After World War II, the Soviet Union's armies occupied Eastern Europe, where they established or supported puppet Communist regimes. By 1949, the Cold War had started between the Western Bloc and the Eastern (Soviet) Bloc, with the Warsaw Pact (created 1955) pitched against NATO (created 1949) in Europe. After 1945, Stalin did not directly engage in any wars. He continued his totalitarian rule until his death in 1953.
«ЛНР». История одной авантюры
Varna | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Varna
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Varna (Bulgarian: Варна, Varna [ˈvarna]) is the third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Situated strategically in the Gulf of Varna, the city has been a major economic, social and cultural centre for almost three millennia. Varna, historically known as Odessos, grew from a Thracian seaside settlement to a major seaport on the Black Sea.
Varna is an important centre for business, transportation, education, tourism, entertainment and healthcare. The city is referred to as the maritime capital of Bulgaria and headquarters the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine. In 2008, Varna was designated seat of the Black Sea Euroregion by the Council of Europe. In 2014, Varna was awarded the title of European Youth Capital 2017.The oldest gold treasure in the world, belonging to the Varna culture, was discovered in the Varna Necropolis and dates to 4200–4600 BC.
Varna | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:54 1 Etymology
00:02:22 1.1 Other places named Varna
00:03:02 2 History
00:03:10 2.1 Prehistory
00:03:45 2.2 Thracians
00:08:10 2.3 Antiquity
00:12:09 2.4 Bulgarian conquest
00:13:09 2.5 Middle Ages
00:15:52 2.6 Battle of Varna
00:16:48 2.7 Late Ottoman rule
00:18:32 2.8 Third Bulgarian State
00:20:19 3 Geography
00:22:22 3.1 Climate
00:23:28 4 Governance
00:23:53 4.1 Local government
00:25:11 4.2 Boroughs and urban planning
00:25:48 4.3 Policing and crime
00:26:33 4.4 Consulates
00:26:54 4.5 Twin towns and sister cities
00:27:05 5 Demography
00:29:40 5.1 Ethnic, linguistic and religious composition
00:33:01 6 Economy
00:36:39 7 Transport
00:37:41 8 Landmarks
00:41:12 8.1 Churches
00:43:22 8.2 Architecture
00:46:02 9 Education
00:46:16 9.1 Higher education
00:47:49 9.2 Institutes and colleges
00:48:33 9.3 Secondary education
00:49:18 9.4 Libraries
00:49:29 10 Culture
00:50:10 10.1 Museums
00:51:11 10.2 Galleries
00:51:31 10.3 Performing arts professional companies
00:52:06 10.4 Art networks
00:52:17 10.5 Other performing arts groups
00:52:32 10.6 Notable bands and artists
00:53:35 10.7 Concert halls
00:53:59 10.8 International arts festivals
00:55:09 10.9 National events
00:55:47 10.10 Local events
00:56:27 10.11 Varna in fiction
00:57:31 11 Media
00:59:04 12 Healthcare
00:59:48 13 Sports
00:59:56 13.1 Football
01:00:46 13.2 Swimming
01:02:04 13.3 Other sports
01:03:46 14 Notable people
01:04:00 15 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9994740521644461
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Varna (Bulgarian: Варна, Varna [ˈvarna]) is the third largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Situated strategically in the Gulf of Varna, the city has been a major economic, social and cultural centre for almost three millennia. Varna, historically known as Odessos (Ancient Greek: Ὀδησσός), grew from a Thracian seaside settlement to a major seaport on the Black Sea.
Varna is an important centre for business, transportation, education, tourism, entertainment and healthcare. The city is referred to as the maritime capital of Bulgaria and headquarters the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine. In 2008, Varna was designated seat of the Black Sea Euroregion by the Council of Europe. In 2014, Varna was awarded the title of European Youth Capital 2017.The oldest gold treasure in the world, belonging to the Varna culture, was discovered in the Varna Necropolis and dates to 4200–4600 BC.