Genoese fortress in Feodosia. Crimean peninsula
The fortress had two lines of fortifications: the citadel and the outer part. The citadel was built in 1340-1343 years around the Quarantine hill, on the steep seaward slopes, which could serve as a primary barrier to enemies, was completed for another ten years. The citadel is built of marble limestone on lime mortar with carefully rubbed seams. Building materials for the fortress were usually extracted in places of outcropping of rocks on the slopes of the surrounding mountains or from the bottom of the sea. The length of the citadel walls was 718 m, of which 469 m were preserved. The walls reached a height of 11 m and 2 m in thickness. In the middle of XV century from 70 thousand inhabitants of Kaffa (Feodosiya) 45 thousand were Armenians[1].
The perimeter of the outer fortifications was almost 5.5 km and included more than 30 towers. Each tower had its own name, either by the name of the Consul under whom it was built, or one of the popes. In terms of the city fortress resembled an amphitheater, the scene of which was Theodosia Bay.
The citadel housed the consular Palace, the Treasury, the residence of the Latin Bishop, the courthouse with a balcony for the announcement of consular decrees, offices for checking weights, warehouses and shops of especially valuable goods — precious stones, furs, silks.
In the XIX century, most of the buildings were dismantled. The southern wall of the citadel with two towers (the tower of St. Clement and the tower of Crisco), part of the Western wall, the pylons of the gate, several towers in different parts of the city (dock, Constantine, Thomas, Consul Giovanni di Scaffa) have survived to the present time. A bridge, Turkish baths and several Armenian churches are also preserved in the area closest to the citadel