Toompea Castle
Toompea has been the centre of power in Estonia for 800 years. In the course of times, vice-regents of Denmark, commanders of the Livonian Order and the Swedish and Russian governors have ruled the territories of Estonia from here. In the first decades of the Republic of Estonia, Toompea Castle was also the residence of the state elders, and for a long time the Government of the Republic of Estonia worked here together with the parliament – the Riigikogu. At present Toompea Castle is occupied by the Riigikogu. In the course of centuries, Toompea Castle has turned from a medieval fortress into a modern centre of government. Besides the 101 members of the Riigikogu, about 250 officials of the Chancellery of the Riigikogu work here.
Toompea Castle, Tallinn - Estonia
Subtitles in EN & GR - Υπότιτλοι στα ελληνικά και αγγλικά
Toompea is the center of the Government of Estonia and the parliament, both of which are often simply referred to as Toompea. Toompea is part of the Tallinn Old Town UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Wikipedia
Στο λόφο Toompea βρίσκονται το κοινοβούλιο και τα κυβερνητικά κτίρια της Εσθονίας.
Ο λόφος είναι τμήμα της παλιάς πόλης του Ταλίν και μνημείο Παγκόσμιας Κληρονομιάς της UNESCO.
Estonia Tallinn Toompea Castle / Estonie Tallinn Château de Toompea
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Welcome to the Riigikogu!
Toompea Castle is open to the public. We have professional tour guides who will introduce the visitors to the work of the Riigikogu, the Castle and its history. Book an interesting and free guided tour. We also offer educational programmes to kindergartens and schools.
Visit Riigikogu:
RIIGIKOGU | Parliament of Estonia | Toompea Castle | Tallinn
Riigikogu is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. All important state-related questions pass through the Riigikogu. Following the Estonian Declaration of Independence in 1918, a building to house the parliament of the republic was erected at the site of the former convent building of the Teutonic Order. Taking two years to complete, it was finished in 1922, and designed by architects Eugen Habermann and Herbert Johanson. Although its exterior is traditionalist, the interior is Expressionist in style - the world's only Expressionist parliament building. Since 1922, the sessions of the Riigikogu have taken place in the Toompea castle.
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Ри́йгикогу (эст. Riigikogu, в дословном переводе — «Государственное собрание») является высшим представительным и законодательным органом власти в Эстонской Республике, который также избирает главу государства и осуществляет контроль за деятельностью исполнительной власти в лице Правительства Республики.
Здание Рийгикогу, созданное по проекту архитекторов Эугена Хаберманна и Херберта Йохансона, было возведено в 1920–1922 гг. в самом центре древнего городища на Тоомпеа. Трехэтажное здание с четырьмя крыльями было построено на средневековом фундаменте и имеет внутренний двор трапециевидной формы. Внешний фасад здания украшают три входа, над которыми расположены большие окна зала заседаний с декором из черных треугольников, выполненных из финского гранита.
Первоначальный проект предусматривал строительство здания в стиле югенд, но в ходе строительства стиль был изменен на экспрессионистский. Как известно, здание Рийгикогу является единственным зданием парламента в мире, выполненным в экспрессионистском стиле. В первое время современный облик здания был объектом критики как в Эстонии, так и за границей. Здание Рийгикогу стало первым общественным строением в Эстонии, в котором была спроектирована электрическая система. Кроме того, архитекторы объединили эффектные световые решения с экспрессионистской архитектурой.
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Viron tasavalta eli Viro on tasavalta Itämeren itärannalla Pohjois-Euroopassa Suomenlahden eteläpuolella. Virolla on maaraja Venäjän federaation ja Latvian kanssa. Maan asukasluku on 1 320 000, joista noin kolmannes asuu pääkaupungissa Tallinnassa. Tallinnan jälkeen suurimpia kaupunkeja ovat yliopistokaupunki Tartto, teollisuuskaupungit Narva ja Kohtla-Järve sekä niin sanottu Viron kesäpääkaupunki Pärnu.
爱沙尼亚共和国，通称爱沙尼亚，波罗的海国家之一，首都及全国最大城市为塔林。爱沙尼亚位于欧洲东北部，其国土由大陆部分和波罗的海的2222个岛屿组成，西向波罗的海，北向芬兰湾，東临楚德湖，南面和東面分別同拉脱维亚和俄罗斯接壤，总面积42,388平方公里，为温带大陆性湿润气候。该国主体民族爱沙尼亚人属于芬人诸民族。該國目前是北欧理事会、欧洲联盟、欧元区、申根区、北大西洋公约组织、以及经济合作与发展组织的成員國，為世界高收入經濟體之一。
एस्टोनिया, आधिकारिक तौर पर एस्टोनिया गणतंत्र उत्तरी यूरोप के बाल्टिक क्षेत्र में स्थित एक देश है। इसकी सीमाएं उत्तर में फिनलैंड खाड़ी, पश्चिम में बाल्टिक सागर, दक्षिण में लातविया और पूर्व में रूस से मिलती है। एस्टोनिया मौसमी समशीतोष्ण जलवायु से प्रभावित है।
إستونيا (بالإستونية)، رسميًا جمهورية إستونيا (بالإستونية)؛ هي دولة تقع في منطقة بحر البلطيق بشمال أوروبا. يحدها من الشمال خليج فنلندا، ومن الغرب بحر البلطيق، ومن الجنوب لاتفيا ، وإلى الشرق من بحيرة بيبوس والاتحاد الروسي. تغطي أراضي إستونيا ما مساحته 45227 كيلومتر مربع ميل مربع، ويعدّ مناخها الموسمي معتدلًا. الإستونية هي اللغة الرسمية الوحيدة في الدولة.
Outside Toompea Castle in Tallinn, Estonia
According to a myth, the whole hill of Toompea was made by the Linda, who built it boulder-by-boulder with her own hands. For reasons associated with this legend, Tallinn is sometimes traditionally referred to as Lyndanisse (The nipple of Linda) in Estonian. The more prosaic truth is that settlers during the time of ancient Estonia made use of the natural hill as an easily defended stronghold. Over time, the place also developed into a commercial hub. It was probably one of the first inhabited areas of what later became Tallinn.[2]
In 1219, the castle was taken over by Danish crusaders - led by Valdemar II.[1] According to a popular Danish legend, the very first flag of Denmark (Dannebrog) fell from the sky during a critical stage of the battle (known as the Battle of Lyndanisse). This first proper castle was referred to as the Castle of the Danes, in latin Castrum Danorum and in Estonian Taanilinnus. From the latter, the modern name of the city of Tallinn is possibly derived (see Modern name of Tallinn).
In 1227, the castle was taken over by the Order of the Brethren of the Sword, who initiated rebuilding schemes. The castle they started building is to a large extent the castle that is visible today. The castle again befell the Danes just ten years later, but was sold to the Teutonic Order in 1346, and would remain in their hands for the remainder of the Middle Ages.[1]
18th century, Baroque additions to the castle
As the crusading Teutonic Order was a religious order, the castle came to resemble a monastery in several ways. It included a chapel, a chapter house and a dormitory for the knights. The order was also responsible for erecting the still visible towers of the church, including Pilsticker (translated as arrow-sharpener), Stür den Kerl (ward off the enemy), Landskrone (crown of the land) and the probably most famous, Pikk Hermann, Tall Hermann.[1]
Tall Hermann is 95 metres (312 ft) tall and dominates the castle skyline. The flag of Estonia is hoisted at the top of the tower every day at sunrise, to the sound of the national anthem, and lowered at sunset.[1]
With the upheavals of the Livonian War during the 16th century, the crusader orders formerly dominating the present-day Baltic states were dissolved and the region became contested by Sweden, Poland and Russia. By 1561, northern Estonia had become a Swedish dominion. The Swedes transformed the castle from a crusaders' fortress into a ceremonial and administrative centre of political power in Estonia, a purpose the castle has served ever since.[1]
The Best of Medieval Tallinn
This full day tour starts with a visit to the Song Festival Grounds with a capacity for 300,000 spectators and up to 30,000 performers sing. A short stop will provide you with an impression of the festivals that are held here every five years. Continue to Pirita, the beachside location of the yachting complex built for the 1980 Olympic Games where the 16th century ruins of St. Bridget's Convent can also be seen. A short drive follows to Tallinn's Upper Town, passing ancient walls and tower gateways. Disembark your coach at Tall Hermann Tower from where flies the national blue, black and white flag. Walk up Toompea Hill to Palace Square to view the Baroque Toompea Castle, now the residence of the Estonian Parliament, and to visit the Russian Orthodox Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, a dominating feature of Upper Town's city skyline and home to numerous golden icons and mosaics. Walk along Tallinn's medieval cobblestone streets and proceed to the scenic viewpoint over the Lower Town rooftops, where there will be limited time for shopping in the small shops. Descend Short Leg Street to the Lower Town for an independent visit to Town Hall Square and view the exterior of the Gothic Town Hall. Your lunch will be served at one of Tallinn's typical Old Town restaurants followed by a concert of medieval music in St. Nicholas Church. Continue your walk along Catherine's Passage, where shopping and browsing opportunities at the local craft workshops (including glass, leather, millinery and ceramic wares) await you. Return to the coach for the drive back to your ship.
Note: Guests must be able to walk approximately two miles over uneven surfaces and cobblestone streets, plus several inclines with approximately 90 steps. Time permitting; guests will have approximately 30 minutes for shopping and browsing. Tour order may vary but all mentioned sites will be covered. Due to national holidays, the medieval music concert will be held in Swedish at St. Michael`s Church on May 19th, 2013 and in the Church of Holy Spirit on June 24th, 2013.
Tallinn upper Old Town called Toompea - March 2016
Driving through Upper Old Town of Tallinn in March 2016.
Tallinn's Toompea Hill, Estonia
Toompea Hill is the site of the Danish castle that founded Tallinn in 1219 and Danish aristocracy lived there. Surrounded by thick walls and entered by a gate tower, there were cathedrals - including the beautiful Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and my favorite Church to The Blessed Virgin - the pink Parliament building and spectacular views of the city and Baltic Sea.
FYI: The picturesque cobble-stoned streets are murder on your feet!
Tallinn sightseeing 2015 - View from Tall Hermann tower
Pikk Hermann or Tall Hermann (German: Langer Hermann) is a tower of the Toompea Castle, on Toompea hill in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. The first part was built 1360-70. It was rebuilt (height brought to 45,6 m) in the 16th century.
Tallinn in 48 hours (Estonia)
Tallinn, Estonia.
Tallinn was the second destination of our trip and we spent there 2 days in the capital of Estonia.
During our visit in Tallinn the weather was really nice and sunny either.
In Tallinn there are many interesting things to see and to do:
St. Olaf’s Church, Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Tallin old town, Pikk Tanav, St. Catherine’s Passage, Toompea Cathedral, Raekoja square (Town Hall Square), Paks Margareeta, Kiek in de Kok, Russalka Memorial, Kadriorg Park, Palace and Art Museum, the creative city Telliskivi Loomelinnak (on Saturday there is the Flea Market), the Estonian Maritime Museum, Lennusadam (Seaplane Harbour).
If you enjoy drinking, you could try the traditional liqueur: Vana Tallinn.
MUSIC:
Twin - You Is Mine
Cunard Queen Elizabeth • Tallinn, Estonia • Baltic Sea Cruise • July 21, 2017
Cunard's cruise ship Queen Elizabeth in the port of Tallinn, Estonia on July 21, 2017 as part of the 14 night Baltic Highlights Cruise.
Views of the two old towns (Lower Town: All-linn and Upper Town: Toompea) with its city walls and towers, Fat or Stout Margaret Tower, St. Olaf's Church, Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Toompea Castle and Tall Hermann Tower, Kiek in de Kök artillery tower, Danish King's Garden, St. Nicholas' Church, Town Hall, Church of the Holy Spirit, and Pikk Street.
Tallinn - Estonia
Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of 159.2 km2 (61.5 sq mi) with a population of 411,980.[1] It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, 80 km (50 mi) south of Helsinki, west of Saint Petersburg.Historical names
In 1154 a town called Qlwn[2] or Qalaven (possible derivations of Kalevan or Kolyvan)[3][4] was put on the world map of the Almoravid by cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi who described it as a small town like a large castle among the towns of Astlanda. It has been suggested that the Quwri in Astlanda may have denoted the predecessor town of today's Tallinn.[5][6]
The earliest names of Tallinn include Kolyvan (Russian: Колывань) known from East Slavic chronicles, the name possibly deriving from the Estonian mythical hero Kalev.[7][8]
Up to the 13th century the Scandinavians and Henry of Livonia in his chronicle called the town Lindanisa: Lyndanisse in Danish,[9][10][11] Lindanäs in Swedish, also mentioned as Ledenets in Old East Slavic. According to some theories the name derived from mythical Linda, the wife of Kalev and the mother of Kalevipoeg.[12] who in an Estonian legend carried rocks to her husband's grave that formed the Toompea hill.[13]
It has been also suggested that in the context the meaning of linda in the archaic Estonian language, that is similar to lidna in Votic, had the same meaning as linna or linn later on meaning a castle or town in English. According to the suggestion nisa would have had the same meaning as niemi (meaning peninsula in English) in an old Finnish form of the name Kesoniemi.[14]
Other than Kesoniemi known ancient historical names of Tallinn in Finnish include Rääveli. The Icelandic Njálssaga mentions Tallinn and calls it Rafala, which is a variant of the name Raphael. SOURCE : WIKIPEDIA
【K】Estonia Travel-Tallinn[에스토니아 여행-탈린]툼페아 성, 국회의사당/Toompea Castle/Parliament/Toompea Hill
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이 성은 13세기 에스토니아를 점령한 덴마크를 필두로 독일, 스웨덴, 러시아 지배자들이 번갈아 가며 거주했던 곳이다. 수백 년간 지배자들은 바뀌었지만 건물을 허물지 않고 당대 최고의 장인들을 불러 꾸준히 증축해 사용하였다고 한다. 독특한 천장 구조와 짙푸른 벽이 인상적인 이곳은 이제 어엿한 에스토니아 공화국의 국회의사당이다. 하지만 그 자리에 이르기까지 많은 일들을 겪어야만 했다.“ 16세기 독일 기사단 시대에는 이곳이 기사들의 회의장과 숙소로 사용되었고, 러시아 에카테리나 여왕 시절에는 잠시 감옥으로도 쓰였어요. 러시아 혁명기에 심하게 파괴되었는데, 1차 세계대전 후 에스토니아가 독립하면서 다시 재건하여 국회로 쓰고 있습니다.” 1차 세계대전 후 잠시 독립을 얻기까지 단 한 번도 자신들의 나라를 가져본 적이 없는 에스토니아. 그리고 그 짧은 독립마저도 소련에 의해 빼앗겨버리고 다시 수십 년을 숨죽여 살아야 했던 고난의 시간들. 자유를 향한 에스토니아인들의 기나긴 여정은 이제 마침표를 찍은 것일까?
[English: Google Translator]
This 13th century castle occupied Denmark, Germany, Estonia, led to the, Sweden, is where the Russian rulers who lived alternately. The rulers changed for hundreds of years, but called the best contemporary craftsmen without demolishing the building hayeotdago used to continue expansion. The unique deep blue walls and ceiling structure is impressive It is now respectable Capitol Republic of Estonia. But in its place it was gyeokeoyaman from many things. 16th Century German Knights era, was used as a conference and accommodation of this article here, I was a Russian Ekaterina queen days, even for a moment jail. The Russian Revolution was badly destroyed, after the First World War by writing to the National Assembly, while reconstruction is again independent Estonia, Estonian after World War I have not seen even once brought their country to gain independence for a while. And in that short time of independence deprived even abandoned by the Soviet Union who live in hardship Kill breath back decades. An epic journey of Estonia for freedom has now taken a period does?
[Estonian: Google Translator]
See 13. sajandi loss okupeeritud Taani, Saksamaa, Eesti, viinud, Rootsi, on koht, kus Vene valitsejad, kes elas vaheldumisi. Valitsejad muutunud sadu aastaid, kuid nn parima kaasaegse käsitöölised ilma hoone lammutamise hayeotdago kasutatud jätkata laienemist. Unikaalne sinine seinad ja lagi struktuur on muljetavaldav Nüüd on soliidne Capitol Eesti Vabariik. Aga selle asemel oli gyeokeoyaman paljudest asjadest. 16. sajandi saksa rüütlite ajastu, kasutati konverentsi ja majutamise see artikkel siin, ma olin vene Ekaterina kuninganna päeva, hetkekski vangi. Vene revolutsioon oli tõsiselt hävitatud, pärast Esimest maailmasõda kirjutades National Assamblee, samas rekonstrueerimine on taasiseseisvunud Eestis, Eesti pärast I maailmasõda ei ole näinud kordagi viinud riigi iseseisvusele mõnda aega. Ja et lühikese aja jooksul sõltumatus ilma jäetud isegi mahajäetud Nõukogude Liidu poolt, kes elavad raskusi Tapa hinge aastakümnete taha. Eepiline teekond Eesti vabaduse eest on nüüd võtnud perioodil teeb?
[Information]
■클립명: 유럽109-에스토니아01-05 툼페아 성, 국회의사당/Toompea Castle/Parliament/Toompea Hill
■여행, 촬영, 편집, 원고: 박현민 PD (travel, filming, editing, writing: KBS TV Producer)
■촬영일자: 2008년 6월 June
[Keywords]
,유럽,Europe,유럽,에스토니아,Estonia,Eesti Vabariik,Eesti,박현민,2008,6월 June,하르유 주,Harju County,Harju Maakond,Harju
Toompea Castle
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Toompea Castle is a castle on Toompea hill in the central part of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.The castle, an ancient stronghold site in use since at least the 9th century, today houses the Parliament of Estonia.
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【K】Estonia Travel-Tallinn[에스토니아 여행-탈린]톰페아 성/Toompea Castle/National Assembly/Electronic voting
■ KBS 걸어서 세계속으로 PD들이 직접 만든 해외여행전문 유투브 채널 【Everywhere, K】
■ The Travels of Nearly Everywhere! 10,000 of HD world travel video clips with English subtitle! (Click on 'subtitles/CC' button)
■ '구독' 버튼을 누르고 10,000여 개의 생생한 【HD】영상을 공유 해 보세요! (Click on 'setting'-'quality'- 【1080P HD】 ! / 더보기 SHOW MORE ↓↓↓)
● Subscribe to YOUTUBE -
● Follow me on TWITTER -
● Like us on FACEBOOK -
● KBS 걸어서세계속으로 홈페이지 -
[한국어 정보]
네프스키 성당 맞은편을 보면 또 다른 건물이 있다. 바로 톰페아 성이다. 이 성은 덴마크부터 러시아까지 에스토니아를 점령했던 지배자들이 번갈아 가며 거주했던 곳이다. 지금은 에스토니아의 국회의사당으로 사용되고 있다. “이 언덕은 에스토니아가 시작된 곳입니다. 전설에 의하면 이 언덕을 차지하는 자가 에스토니아의 모든 권력을 갖는다고 합니다” 내부가 궁금해 촬영 허가를 받고 한 번 들어가 봤다. 외관과는 달리 현대적인 의사당 내부는 활기가 넘쳤다. “보통 여기에서 인터뷰를 하고 있는 많은 기자들을 볼 수 있습니다” 때마침 국회 본회의가 열리고 있었다. 빈자리가 많이 보이는 건 의원들 각자 사무실에서 원격으로 회의에 참석할 수 있어서란다. 세계 최초로 선거에 ‘전자투표’를 도입한 나라다웠다. “국회는 에스토니아의 입법기관으로서 101명의 국회의원으로 구성되어 있고 이들은 전국 각지의 지역구를 대표하고 있습니다. 매주 수요일은 법률안 최종 투표를 하는데 오늘도 곧 하게 됩니다”
[English: Google Translator]
If you look across the Neffskiy cathedral there is another building. It is Tom Fere Castle. This castle was the residence of rulers who occupied Estonia from Denmark to Russia. It is now used as the capitol of Estonia. This hill is where Estonia began. Legend has it that those who occupy this hill have all the power of Estonia I wondered inside and got into the shooting once and got into it. Unlike the exterior, the interior of the modern Capitol is full of energy. I can usually see many reporters interviewing here. The plenary session of the Diet was on time. I see a lot of vacancies because each of them can attend meetings remotely from their offices. It was the first country in the world to adopt 'electronic voting' in elections. The National Assembly is a legislative body in Estonia, consisting of 101 members of the National Assembly who represent the national constituencies throughout the country. Every Wednesday I vote the final ballot,
[Estonia: Google Translator]
In Nevski katedraal, vastas on teine hoone. Toompea loss on õige. See loss on koht, kus valitsejad, kes on hõivatud Eesti Taanist Venemaa on elanud vaheldumisi. See on nüüd kasutada Capitol Eesti. The Hill on koht, kus Eesti on alustanud. Legendi järgi, kes võtab enda mäe ja on kogu võim Eestis, Ma ei tea, sisemine uurinud saada luba tulistada üks kord. Erinevalt tänapäeva fassaadi House sees oli suur jõuliselt. Tavaliselt näete palju ajakirjanikke, kes intervjueeris siin, nagu rahvusassamblee avati. Asi tundub rohkem vabu töökohti nende clinics'm võimalik koosolekul osaleda kontoris eemalt. Dawotda maailma esimene riik kehtestada e-hääletamise valimistel. Rahvusassamblee 101 liiget Kongressi rahva Eesti seadusandliku kogu ja nad esindavad valimisringkonnas üle kogu riigi. Kolmapäeviti varsti täna lõpliku seadusandliku hääl
[Information]
■클립명: 유럽109-에스토니아02-19 지배자의 성 톰페아성
■여행, 촬영, 편집, 원고: 장민석 PD (travel, filming, editing, writing: KBS TV Producer)
■촬영일자: 2016년 11월November
[Keywords]
성/궁전,palace,관공서,government building,기타체험,체험,,experience,건물,architecture,유럽Europe유럽에스토니아EstoniaEesti VabariikEesti장민석201611월하르유 주Harju CountyHarju MaakondHarjuNovember걸어서 세계속으로
Ekskursioonid Riigikogus
Toompea loss on avatud kogu rahvale. Oma teadmisi Riigikogust, lossist ja selle ajaloost jagavad teiega pädevad giidid. Tellige põnevaid tasuta ekskursioone. Lasteaedadele ja koolidele pakume ka haridusprogramme.
PIKK HERMANN | Medieval Tower in Tallinn Old Town | Estonia
Tall Hermann is the defensive tower standing at the south-western corner of Toompea Castle in Tallinn. It is thought to have been built in 1371. It obtained its current height (45.6 m) and shape in the late 15th century. A narrow stone staircase of 215 steps leads to the top of the tower.
At the top of the tower, 95 metres above sea level, flies the flag that symbolises the ruling power in Estonia. The blue, black and white of the national flag were first seen here on 12 December 1918. The flag is raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset, except on Victory Day and Midsummer Day on June 23–24.
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Длинный Герман – это оборонительная башня, расположенная в юго-западном углу замка Тоомпеа. Башня была возведена около 1371 года, а нынешнюю высоту (45,6 м) и форму она получила в конце XV века. На вершину башни ведет узкая каменная лестница из 215 ступеней.
Флаг, развевающийся на вершине Длинного Германа на высоте 95 метров над уровнем моря, символизирует действующую власть в Эстонии. Впервые сине-черно-белый национальный и государственный флаг Эстонии был поднят на башне Длинный Герман 12 декабря 1918 года. Флаг поднимается на рассвете и опускается на закате. Исключением является 23-24 июня, когда в Эстонии празднуется День победы и Иванов день.
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Common Info about Estonia:
Viron tasavalta eli Viro on tasavalta Itämeren itärannalla Pohjois-Euroopassa Suomenlahden eteläpuolella. Virolla on maaraja Venäjän federaation ja Latvian kanssa. Maan asukasluku on 1 320 000, joista noin kolmannes asuu pääkaupungissa Tallinnassa. Tallinnan jälkeen suurimpia kaupunkeja ovat yliopistokaupunki Tartto, teollisuuskaupungit Narva ja Kohtla-Järve sekä niin sanottu Viron kesäpääkaupunki Pärnu.
爱沙尼亚共和国，通称爱沙尼亚，波罗的海国家之一，首都及全国最大城市为塔林。爱沙尼亚位于欧洲东北部，其国土由大陆部分和波罗的海的2222个岛屿组成，西向波罗的海，北向芬兰湾，東临楚德湖，南面和東面分別同拉脱维亚和俄罗斯接壤，总面积42,388平方公里，为温带大陆性湿润气候。该国主体民族爱沙尼亚人属于芬人诸民族。該國目前是北欧理事会、欧洲联盟、欧元区、申根区、北大西洋公约组织、以及经济合作与发展组织的成員國，為世界高收入經濟體之一。
एस्टोनिया, आधिकारिक तौर पर एस्टोनिया गणतंत्र उत्तरी यूरोप के बाल्टिक क्षेत्र में स्थित एक देश है। इसकी सीमाएं उत्तर में फिनलैंड खाड़ी, पश्चिम में बाल्टिक सागर, दक्षिण में लातविया और पूर्व में रूस से मिलती है। एस्टोनिया मौसमी समशीतोष्ण जलवायु से प्रभावित है।
إستونيا (بالإستونية)، رسميًا جمهورية إستونيا (بالإستونية)؛ هي دولة تقع في منطقة بحر البلطيق بشمال أوروبا. يحدها من الشمال خليج فنلندا، ومن الغرب بحر البلطيق، ومن الجنوب لاتفيا ، وإلى الشرق من بحيرة بيبوس والاتحاد الروسي. تغطي أراضي إستونيا ما مساحته 45227 كيلومتر مربع ميل مربع، ويعدّ مناخها الموسمي معتدلًا. الإستونية هي اللغة الرسمية الوحيدة في الدولة.
Tallinn, Estonia - Tall Hermann (2018)
Pikk Hermann or Tall Hermann (German: Langer Hermann) is a tower of the Toompea Castle, on Toompea hill in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. The first part was built 1360-70. It was rebuilt (height brought to 45,6 m) in the 16th century. A staircase with 215 steps leads to the top of the tower. The tower consists of ten internal floors and a viewing platform at the top.
Pikk Hermann tower is situated next to the Estonian Parliament building and the flag on the top of the tower at 95 metres [1] above sea level is one of the symbols of the government in force.
The national flag, measuring 191 cm by 300 cm, is raised and the national anthem is played at the time of sunrise (but not earlier than 7 am) and lowered at the time of sunset (but not later than 10 pm). While it is lowered, the song Mu isamaa on minu arm (My Fatherland is My Love) is heard.
Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland in Harju County. From the 13th century until 1918 (and briefly during the Nazi occupation of Estonia from 1941 to 1944), in languages other than Estonian, the city was known as Reval. Tallinn occupies an area of 159.2 km2 (61.5 sq mi) and has a population of 450,305.
Tallinn, first mentioned in 1219, received city rights in 1248, but the earliest human settlements date back 5,000 years. The initial claim over the land was laid by the Danes in 1219, after a successful raid of Lyndanisse led by Valdemar II of Denmark, followed by a period of alternating Scandinavian and German rule. Due to its strategic location, the city became a major trade hub, especially from the 14th to the 16th century, when it grew in importance as part of the Hanseatic League.
Tallinn's Old Town is one of the best preserved medieval cities in Europe and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tallinn is the major political, financial, cultural and educational center of Estonia. Often dubbed the Silicon Valley of Europe, it has the highest number of startups per person in Europe and is a birthplace of many international companies, including Skype. The city is to house the headquarters of the European Union's IT agency. Providing to the global cybersecurity it is the home to the NATO Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence. It is ranked as a global city and has been listed among the top 10 digital cities in the world. According to the Global Financial Centres Index Tallinn is the most competitive financial hub in Northern Europe and ranks 42nd internationally. The city was a European Capital of Culture for 2011, along with Turku in Finland.
Tallinn, Estonia.mov
Tallinn, Estonia main town square and little lanes