Russian woman drags two tram cars
A Russian power lifter has managed to pull two tram cars full of passengers.
When empty, each car already weighs 18 tonnes.
The woman, 33, tried to set a new national record in the Siberian city of Irkutsk, in temperatures of minus 20 degrees Celcius.
…
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Travel guide for Ekaterinburg, Russia
Russia is mostly known for its two grandeur cities, Moscow and Saint Petersburg, but wandering a bit further is definitely worth your time. Let us show you what you could expect to see if you include Ekaterinburg in your itinerary to Russia.
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First stop on the Trans-Siberian Train: 24 hours in Yekaterinburg
During our Trans-Siberian Train trip, we stopped in Yekaterinburg for a day and we really enjoyed walking on the red line! The city has a lot of impressive architecture and a pretty river that runs through the city. We had a great time exploring the parks, shopping streets, and restaurants.
If you have a chance to visit Yekaterinburg, don't skip over this city! It has a lot to offer and although we only had a short time to explore, we really liked the local vibe and atmosphere.
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From Wiki:
Yekaterinburg, alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg, is the fourth-largest city in Russia. In 2018, it had an estimated population of 1,501,652. Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia, as it is ranked third by the size of economy, culture, transportation and tourism. It is located about 1,420 kilometres (880 mi) to the east of Moscow.
Yekaterinburg is one of the most important economic centers in Russia, and the city had experienced economic and population growth recently.
Yekaterinburg is a major center for the Russian tourist industry. In 2015, the city was one of the top five most visited Russian cities according to the Global Destinations Cities Index.
In recent years, a lot of work has been done to create a positive image of Yekaterinburg as a center for international tourism, including holding of summits for the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in 2008 and 2009 and the international exhibition Innoprom in 2009 and 2010.
In 2014, Yekaterinburg ranked third among Russian cities in popularity among foreign tourists after Moscow and St. Petersburg.
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#Yekaterinburg #Russia #TransSiberianTrain
Russian Traditional Village|MALIE KARELI|Travel Vlog|MALAYALAM|Feba Joy
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Hello friends!!!
Malye Korely (Russian: Малые Корелы) is a village in Primorsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, in the north of Russia. The main sight of the village is an open-air museum, featuring the traditional wooden architecture of Arkhangelsk area. The museum is located on the right bank of the Northern Dvina River close to the mouth of the Korelka River, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast from the city of Arkhangelsk.
History
The museum was created on July 17, 1964.Traditional wooden architecture has been recognized at the time one of the most characteristic features of Russian Norths, and some of the buildings, churches, chapels, and peasant houses, scattered all over the Arkhangelsk Oblast, were put under state protection. The goal of the creation of the museum was to save the most outstanding wooden monuments, placing them under protection on the premises of the museum. The first building, a windmill (1744) from the village of Bor of Kholmogorsky District, was moved to the museum in 1968. In 1972, the first exhibit item, an icon showing St. James, was transferred to the museum. In parallel with the building transfer, it was decided that the museum will be divided into a number of sectors, representing different historical areas. The first sector, representing Kargopol and the Onega, was completed in 1973, and on June 1, 1973 the museum was open for public.
In 1983, the museum became a member of the European Open-Air Museum Association. In 1986, the museum, which was previously subordinate to the Arkhangelsk Fine Art Museum, became an independent museum unit. In 1995, it was designated as a cultural monument of federal significance. Lidia Bostryom was the director of the museum between 1975 and 2005.
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Siberian divisions: a secrect act of bravery, part 3 Subtiteled
Watch our channel World War 2 and Great Patriotic War in the USSR 1941-1945
You can support the channel on Paypal for odetta3@yandex.ru
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Russian tricking contest 2010
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Abakan, Kolomna, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Novosibirsk.
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Russian Emercom jet successfully airlifts seriously-ill babies from Sebastopol to Moscow
(c) Video courtesy by EMERCOM of Russia
An Emergencies Ministry An-148 successfully evacuated two newborn babies from the city of Sebastopol to Moscow.
At present, doctors evaluate their condition as grave one, the children are need of urgent highly-qualified medical aid,
The plane is rigged with modern equipment and special medical units, medical ventilation apparatuses and cardiomonitors allowing for providing medical aid to the patients during the flight.
Aboard the plane the babies and their parents will be accompanied by medical personnel of the Tsentrospas Team of the Russian Emergencies Ministry, Russian Disaster Medicine Center Zashchita of the Russian Ministry of Health, personnel of Sebastopol Emergency Medical and Disaster Medicine Center and a psychologist of the Russian Emergencies Ministry Center for Emergency Psychological Aid.
In Moscow the babies will be delivered for special treatment to Morozovskaya Children’s Clinical Hospital and N.F. Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital.
Kebyar Kebyar PERMIRA.wmv
PERMIRA (Perhimpunan Mahasiswa Indonesia di Russia)
NEW ZEALAND: APEC - PUTIN ARRIVES FOR TALKS
Natural Sound
Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin arrived has arrived in Auckland for the start of the summit of Asia-Pacific leaders.
Putin was met by Cultural Affairs Minister Marie Hasler and a small contingent before leaving for his hotel.
The newly appointed prime minister, standing in for President Boris Yeltsin, is expected to hold talks in Auckland with President Bill Clinton, President Jiang Zemin and other world leaders gathered in Auckland for the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.
It will be the first time Clinton meets Vladimir Putin and the talks are expected to focus about the latest allegations of corruption in the Kremlin and money laundering.
It is Russia's second APEC summit as a fully fledged member of the grouping of 21 economies.
Top of the agenda for many of the leaders will be the carnage in East Timor, which has dominated talks by foreign and trade ministers who arrived earlier in the week.
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Russia | Top 10 Places to Visit in Russia
RussiaPoints of interest
Moscow Kremlin
Monumental architectural complex
Hermitage Museum
Art & culture museum founded in 1764
Red Square
Landmark square & site of cathedral
Peterhof Palace
Seafront royal palace, park & museums
Winter Palace
Former residence of Russian emperors
Saint Basil's Cathedral
Museum in iconic former Orthodox church
Peter and Paul Fortress
Original city site founded in 1703
Church of the Savior on Blood
1880s church with vibrant, lavish design
Saint Isaac's Cathedral
Ornate religious edifice with gold dome
Lake Baikal
Huge Siberian lake for hiking & wildlife
Palace Square
Square lined by neoclassical buildings
Lenin's Mausoleum
Memorial hall displaying Lenin's body
Kazan Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
Colonnaded Russian Orthodox cathedral
Russian Museum
Fine artworks, icons & sculptures
Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow
Iconic home of Russian ballet & opera
GUM
Iconic, long-established shopping mall
Kremlin Armoury
Weaponry, jewelry & state regalia
Kizhi Island
Church, open-air museum, lake, nature reserve, and cathedral
Tretyakov Gallery
Collection of 21st-century Russian art
VDNKh
Event venue with 4 traditional halls
Mount Elbrus
Mountain, climbing, snowboarding, volcano, and alpine skiing
Mariinsky Theatre
Grand complex for music, opera & ballet
Nevsky Prospect
Church, shopping, cathedral, architecture, and monument
Pushkin Museum
European painting & sculpture collection
Curonian Spit
Forest, lagoon, nature reserve, nature, and cycling
Qolşärif Mosque
Blue-domed mosque on Kremlin site
Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
18th-century Romanov dynasty burial site
Moika Palace
Grand palace museum with ornate decor
Kunstkamera
Anthropological & ethnographic museum
Sparrow Hills
Monument, alpine skiing, and history
Mamayev Kurgan
Hill with a complex of memorials
Diamond Fund
Treasury museum of diamonds & jewelry
Sochi Theme Park
Amusement park suited for all ages
Petergof
Palaces, parks, gardens, sculpture, and cathedrals
Gorky Park
Park with sports & open-air movies
Lake Ladoga
Lakes, monasteries, rivers, and lighthouses
Novodevichy Convent
Landmark 16th-century religious complex
Kazan Kremlin
Hilltop palace & museum complex
State Historical Museum
Landmark museum of Russian history
Lake Onega
Lakes, monasteries, and churches
Tsaritsyno Park
Opulent palace with a fine arts museum
Amber Room
Palace
Summer Garden
Formal gardens designed by Czar Peter
Saint Michael's Castle
Art exhibitions in 1790s royal residence
Grand Kremlin Palace
Palace, cathedral, and architecture
Lake Ritsa
Lake, waterfall, canyon, and mountain
Vasilyevsky Island
Monuments, churches, palaces, architecture, and cathedrals
Alexander Garden
Landmark park with memorials & monuments
【K】Russia Travel-Saint Petersburg[러시아 여행-상트페테르부르크]네바 강변, 데카브리스트 광장/Neva River Dekabrist Square
■ KBS 걸어서 세계속으로 PD들이 직접 만든 해외여행전문 유투브 채널 【Everywhere, K】
■ The Travels of Nearly Everywhere! 10,000 of HD world travel video clips with English subtitle! (Click on 'subtitles/CC' button)
■ '구독' 버튼을 누르고 10,000여 개의 생생한 【HD】영상을 공유 해 보세요! (Click on 'setting'-'quality'- 【1080P HD】 ! / 더보기 SHOW MORE ↓↓↓)
● Subscribe to YOUTUBE -
● Follow me on TWITTER -
● Like us on FACEBOOK -
● KBS 걸어서세계속으로 홈페이지 -
[한국어 정보]
네바 강변을 중심으로 수많은 유서 깊은 건축물이 자리 잡고 있다. 200여 년 동안 제정 러시아의 수도로서 유럽을 향한 창의 역할을 했던 이 도시는 아직도 곳곳에 근대적인 모습을 잘 간직하고 있다. 도심 깊숙이 들어온 대형 크루즈 선박이 퍽 인상적이다. 네바 강변에 자리한 데카브리스트 광장. 뱀을 밟고 선 표트르 대제의 청동기마상이 네바 강을 지켜보고 있다. 310년 전 상트페테르부르크를 설계하고, 세운 인물이다.
[English: Google Translator]
Numerous historic buildings in the center of the Neva River is situated. The city has had a role as the window towards Europe established the capital of Russia for over 200 years and still retain a good modern look throughout. Large cruise ship is entering deep into the city center puck impressive. Located on the Neva River to Cobb Plaza list. Bronze horse stepping on the lines of the Peter the Great Snake is watching the Neva River. 310 years ago in St. Petersburg he designed and built the figures.
[Russian: Google Translator]
Многочисленные исторические здания в центре Неве находится.Город был роль окна в Европу основал столицу России более 200 лет и до сих пор сохраняют хорошую современный вид во всем. Большой круизный корабль входит глубоко в центре города шайбу впечатляет. Расположенный на реке Нева в Кобб Plaza списка. Бронзовый конь наступая на линии Петра Великого Змея наблюдает за Неву. 310 лет назад в Санкт-Петербурге он спроектировал и построил цифры.
[Information]
■클립명: 유럽082-러시아08-02 네바 강변, 데카브리스트 광장/Neva River Dekabrist Square/Cruise
■여행, 촬영, 편집, 원고: 김성기 PD (travel, filming, editing, writing: KBS TV Producer)
■촬영일자: 2013년 8월 August
[Keywords]
유럽,Europe,,러시아,Russia,,Russian Federation,김성기,2013,8월 August
【K】 전주 여행 전북 여행 어진박물관
■ KBS 걸어서 세계속으로 PD들이 직접 만든 해외여행전문 유투브 채널 【Everywhere, K】
■ KBS전주 PD들이 제안하는 전북여행전문콘텐츠【Everywhere, K_걸어서 전라북도】
■ '구독' 버튼을 누르고 10,000여 개의 생생한 【HD】영상을 공유 해 보세요! 한국어, 영어, 중국어 자막이 제공됩니다
■ KBS 걸어서세계속으로 홈페이지 -
■자세한 내용 더보기
[한국어 정보]
경기전에 온다면 놓쳐서는 안 될 필수코스! 바로 어진 박물관입니다. 이곳에서 역대 왕들의 어진을 볼 수 있어서 참 유익한 공간인 것 같아요. 경기전 안에 정말 볼거리가 많네요? 네, 기나긴 세월 조선의 역사를 묵묵히 품어온 곳이니까 경기전 구석구석 꼭 둘러보세요.
[Information]
■클립명: 전북1-전주13-02
■촬영 편집 제작: 한상준, 허유리(KBS Producer)/최낙준
[Keyword]
전북 여행, 전주 여행, 전주 볼거리, 전주 먹을거리, 어진박물관
Old OTIS Traction Lift/Elevator at ibis Hotel Earl's Court, London, United Kingdom (STAFF ONLY)
There are a total of 7 lifts/elevators at the hotel, of which 4 are intended for passenger use, and 3 are staff lifts. This is a staff lift.
Location: ibis Hotel Earl's Court, Earl's Court, London, United Kingdom (Near West Brompton Station)
Brand: OTIS
Type: Traction
Year installed: Late 1976 (Completed in 1977)
Floors served: 13 - (G, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
Note: Pictures are not available. The hotel and the hotel rooms were partly refurbished in 2005-6.
World War III
World War III (WWIII, WW3 or the Third World War) is a term used to describe a worldwide conflict following World War II. The most common scenario, a hypothetical nuclear war between the superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States, is widely used as a premise or plot device in books, films, television productions, and video games. However, some writers have applied the term instead to the Cold War, arguing that it met the definition of a world war even though there was no direct conflict between the superpowers.
World War I (1914--1918) was regarded as the war to end all wars and it was believed there could never be another global conflict. World War II (1939--1945) proved that to be false, and with the advent of the Cold War (1945--1991) and the use of nuclear weapons, the likelihood of a third global conflict became more accepted. It was anticipated and planned for by military and civil authorities in many countries. Scenarios ranged from conventional warfare, to limited or total nuclear warfare leading to the destruction of civilization.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
What Is Feminist Art?
The art historian Mary Beckinsale, president of Studio Art Centers International in Florence, Italy, reinterprets selected works of Renaissance art, identifying their feminist context. This event took place at the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art on September 25, 2010. Video courtesy Elizabeth A. Sackler Foundation.
Ulaanbaatar | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ulaanbaatar
00:01:20 1 Names and etymology
00:03:36 2 History
00:03:45 2.1 Prehistory
00:04:17 2.2 Before 1639
00:05:05 2.3 Mobile monastery
00:10:18 2.4 Urga and the Kyakhta trade
00:11:53 2.5 Independence and socialist era
00:15:44 2.6 Democratic protests of 1989–1990
00:17:08 2.7 Since 1990
00:18:38 3 Geography and climate
00:21:39 4 Panoramas
00:21:48 5 Administration and subdivisions
00:23:06 6 Economy
00:24:07 7 Sights
00:25:52 7.1 Monasteries
00:26:34 7.1.1 Winter Palace
00:27:41 7.2 Museums
00:30:34 7.3 Chinggis (Sükhbaatar) Square
00:31:27 7.4 Zaisan Memorial
00:32:01 7.5 National Sport Stadium
00:32:18 7.6 Arts and culture
00:33:45 8 Parks
00:35:37 8.1 Embassies and consulates
00:36:13 9 Religion
00:36:39 10 Municipal symbols
00:36:59 10.1 City emblem and flag
00:37:35 11 Education
00:38:51 12 Libraries
00:39:00 12.1 National Library
00:39:21 12.2 Public libraries
00:41:03 12.3 University libraries
00:41:45 12.4 Digital libraries
00:43:26 12.5 Special libraries
00:45:16 12.6 Archives
00:45:50 13 Transport
00:47:52 14 Air pollution
00:48:46 15 Twin towns – sister cities
00:48:59 15.1 Proximity to nearby urban centers abroad
00:50:01 16 Notable individuals
00:50:24 17 Appearances in fiction
00:50:45 18 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Ulaanbaatar, formerly anglicised as Ulan Bator (Mongolian: Улаанбаатар, [ʊɮɑːm.bɑːtʰɑ̆r], Ulaγanbaγatur, literally Red Hero), is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. The city is not part of any aimag (province), and its population as of 2014 was over 1.3 million, almost half of the country's total population. Located in north central Mongolia, the municipality lies at an elevation of about 1,300 meters (4,300 ft) in a valley on the Tuul River. It is the country's cultural, industrial and financial heart, the centre of Mongolia's road network and connected by rail to both the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia and the Chinese railway system.The city was founded in 1639 as a nomadic Buddhist monastic centre. It settled permanently at its present location, the junction of the Tuul and Selbe rivers, in 1778. Prior to that occasion it changed location twenty-eight times, each new location being chosen ceremonially. In the twentieth century, Ulaanbaatar grew into a major manufacturing center. Ulaanbaatar is a member of the Asian Network of Major Cities 21. The city's official website lists Moscow, Hohhot, Seoul, Sapporo and Denver as sister cities.
Electric locomotive | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:48 1 History
00:03:57 1.1 Direct current
00:10:54 1.2 Alternating current
00:21:26 2 Types
00:22:21 2.1 Direct and alternating current
00:27:23 2.2 Power transmission
00:27:57 2.2.1 Overhead lines
00:29:14 2.2.2 Third rail
00:30:05 2.3 Driving the wheels
00:34:02 2.4 Wheel arrangements
00:34:59 2.5 Battery locomotive
00:38:07 3 Electric traction around the world
00:38:18 3.1 Europe
00:41:25 3.2 Russia and former USSR
00:45:25 3.3 North America
00:45:34 3.3.1 United States
00:47:46 3.3.2 Canada
00:48:41 3.4 Asia
00:48:50 3.4.1 Japan
00:53:28 3.4.2 Malaysia
00:53:56 3.4.3 India
00:55:01 3.4.4 Pakistan
00:56:14 3.5 Australia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7489203931471681
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor.
Electric locomotives with on-board fueled prime movers, such as diesel engines or gas turbines, are classed as diesel-electric or gas turbine-electric and not as electric locomotives, because the electric generator/motor combination serves only as a power transmission system.
Electric locomotives benefit from the high efficiency of electric motors, often above 90% (not including the inefficiency of generating the electricity). Additional efficiency can be gained from regenerative braking, which allows kinetic energy to be recovered during braking to put power back on the line. Newer electric locomotives use AC motor-inverter drive systems that provide for regenerative braking. Electric locomotives are quiet compared to diesel locomotives since there is no engine and exhaust noise and less mechanical noise. The lack of reciprocating parts means electric locomotives are easier on the track, reducing track maintenance. Power plant capacity is far greater than any individual locomotive uses, so electric locomotives can have a higher power output than diesel locomotives and they can produce even higher short-term surge power for fast acceleration. Electric locomotives are ideal for commuter rail service with frequent stops. Electric locomotives are used on freight routes with consistently high traffic volumes, or in areas with advanced rail networks. Power plants, even if they burn fossil fuels, are far cleaner than mobile sources such as locomotive engines. The power can also come from clean or renewable sources, including geothermal power, hydroelectric power, nuclear power, solar power and wind turbines.The chief disadvantage of electrification is the high cost for infrastructure: overhead lines or third rail, substations, and control systems. Public policy in the U.S. interferes with electrification: higher property taxes are imposed on privately owned rail facilities if they are electrified. The EPA regulates exhaust emissions on locomotive and marine engines, similar to regulations on car & freight truck emissions, in order to limit the amount of carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, nitric oxides, and soot output from these mobile power sources. Because railroad infrastructure is privately owned in the U.S., railroads are unwilling to make the necessary investments for electrification. In Europe and elsewhere, railway networks are considered part of the national transport infrastructure, just like roads, highways and waterways, so are often financed by the state. Operators of the rolling stock pay fees according to rail use. This makes possible the large investments required for the technically and, in the long-term, also economically advantageous electrification.
Electric locomotives | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:16 1 History
00:03:24 1.1 Direct current
00:09:20 1.2 Alternating current
00:18:18 2 Types
00:19:07 2.1 Direct and alternating current
00:23:24 2.2 Power transmission
00:23:53 2.2.1 Overhead lines
00:25:00 2.2.2 Third rail
00:25:45 2.3 Driving the wheels
00:29:07 2.4 Wheel arrangements
00:29:56 2.5 Battery locomotive
00:32:39 3 Electric traction around the world
00:32:49 3.1 Europe
00:35:28 3.2 Russia and former USSR
00:38:53 3.3 North America
00:39:02 3.3.1 United States
00:40:57 3.3.2 Canada
00:41:45 3.4 Asia
00:41:53 3.4.1 Japan
00:45:51 3.4.2 Malaysia
00:46:16 3.4.3 India
00:47:12 3.4.4 Pakistan
00:48:16 3.5 Australia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.735544742343963
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor.
Electric locomotives with on-board fueled prime movers, such as diesel engines or gas turbines, are classed as diesel-electric or gas turbine-electric and not as electric locomotives, because the electric generator/motor combination serves only as a power transmission system.
Electric locomotives benefit from the high efficiency of electric motors, often above 90% (not including the inefficiency of generating the electricity). Additional efficiency can be gained from regenerative braking, which allows kinetic energy to be recovered during braking to put power back on the line. Newer electric locomotives use AC motor-inverter drive systems that provide for regenerative braking. Electric locomotives are quiet compared to diesel locomotives since there is no engine and exhaust noise and less mechanical noise. The lack of reciprocating parts means electric locomotives are easier on the track, reducing track maintenance. Power plant capacity is far greater than any individual locomotive uses, so electric locomotives can have a higher power output than diesel locomotives and they can produce even higher short-term surge power for fast acceleration. Electric locomotives are ideal for commuter rail service with frequent stops. Electric locomotives are used on freight routes with consistently high traffic volumes, or in areas with advanced rail networks. Power plants, even if they burn fossil fuels, are far cleaner than mobile sources such as locomotive engines. The power can also come from clean or renewable sources, including geothermal power, hydroelectric power, nuclear power, solar power and wind turbines.The chief disadvantage of electrification is the high cost for infrastructure: overhead lines or third rail, substations, and control systems. Public policy in the U.S. interferes with electrification: higher property taxes are imposed on privately owned rail facilities if they are electrified. The EPA regulates exhaust emissions on locomotive and marine engines, similar to regulations on car & freight truck emissions, in order to limit the amount of carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, nitric oxides, and soot output from these mobile power sources. Because railroad infrastructure is privately owned in the U.S., railroads are unwilling to make the necessary investments for electrification. In Europe and elsewhere, railway networks are considered part of the national transport infrastructure, just like roads, highways and waterways, so are often financed by the state. Operators of the rolling stock pay fees according to rail use. This makes possible the large investments required for the technically and, in the long-term, also economically advantageous electrification.
Electric locomotive
An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery or fuel cell. Electric locomotives with on-board fuelled prime movers, such as diesel engines or gas turbines, are classed as diesel-electric or gas turbine-electric locomotives because the electric generator/motor combination serves only as a power transmission system. Electricity is used to eliminate smoke and take advantage of the high efficiency of electric motors, but the cost of electrification means that usually only heavily used lines can be electrified.
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