The Uyghur emergency: The causes and consequences of China's mass incarceration of Turkic Muslims
The Chinese government is under increased pressure over its archipelago of mass detention camps, holding approximately one million Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslims in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (also known as East Turkestan). Beijing has responded with a flurry of contradictory rhetoric, first denying that the camps exist, then portraying them as voluntary vocational training centres, and most recently describing them as a ‘counter-terrorism’ measure that Europe should learn from.
In this public seminar, a panel of experts and practitioners focus on some of the core questions surrounding the evolution of this crisis. Why is this happening now? How many people are in the camps? What are the implications for the Uyghur people, China and the international community?
Caucasian Xinjiang Mummies
Caucasian mummies found and hidden away for years in China are now revealed to predate that of the Han Chinese by 2,000 years.
Sources:
The Mummies Threads Spencer P.M. Harrington Vol. 49 Issue 5 Sept. 1996
Battle For XinJiang Mummies Heather Pringle Vol. 63 Issue 4 July 2010
The Tarim Mummies J.P. Mallory & Victor Mair; New York; Thames & Hudson 2000
Southern Xinjiang eyes e-commerce
In the remote areas of northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, there are abundant farm products, especially fruits in southern Xinjiang. But sometimes it's too complicated to get the product to market. While China is reviving the ancient Silk Road trading route, information technology infrastructure is still a big need in Xinjiang. CCTV's Wu Guoxiu reports filed this report from southern Xinjiang's Aksu prefecture.
Conference in Xinjiang: Professor Dr CT FOO
This is a video of the Conference organized by Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics. Professor Dr CT FOO delivered a lecture on Sun Tzu: A Research Perspective. Also he visited Geological Institute, Hetian Jade Museum and the fabled Heavenly Earth and Heavenly Lake where Xi Wang Mu attained the Tao.
Morning exercises at my Shanghai school.
One of the good things Western schools can learn from China, 15 minutes of light exercise for every kid, every morning. I also liked the way the kids were responsible for cleaning their classrooms and corridors - I think it creates a respect for their environment.
WORLDSIGN | Prince Andrew denies affair, Chinese Uyghurs jailed, Deaf Iranian team boycotts Israel
WorldSign Week - What’s news?
1. UNITED KINGDOM: Prince Andrew’s interview angers many
2. CHINA: Persecution of Uyghur Muslims
3. GERMANY: Differences remain between East and West
4. IRAN: Deaf team boycotts Israeli team
5. PAKISTAN: Sindh province allows Deaf to drive
6. BELGIUM: 9-year-old to get a BA degree!
7. ITALY: Historic flooding hits Venice
8. AUSTRALIA: Koala bears being rescued
Don't miss out on anything - Follow us at @H3WorldTV or h3world.tv. For story submissions, please email news@h3world.tv
Central Asia | Wikipedia audio article
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Central Asia
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SUMMARY
=======
Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. The region consists of the former Soviet republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. It is also colloquially referred to as the stans as the countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix -stan, meaning land of.Central Asia has a population of about 105 million, consisting of five republics: Kazakhstan (pop. 17,987,736), Kyrgyzstan (5,955,734), Tajikistan (8,734,951), Turkmenistan (5,662,544), and Uzbekistan (31,446,795). Afghanistan (34,656,032), which is a part of South Asia, is also sometimes included in Central Asia.Central Asia has historically been closely tied to its nomadic peoples and the Silk Road. It has acted as a crossroads for the movement of people, goods, and ideas between Europe, Western Asia, South Asia, and East Asia. The Silk Road connected Muslim lands with the people of Europe, India, and China. This crossroads position has intensified the conflict between tribalism and traditionalism and modernization.In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Central Asia was predominantly Iranian, populated by Eastern Iranian-speaking Bactrians, Sogdians, Chorasmians and the semi-nomadic Scythians and Dahae. After expansion by Turkic peoples, Central Asia also became the homeland for the Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Tatars, Turkmen, Kyrgyz, and Uyghurs; Turkic languages largely replaced the Iranian languages spoken in the area.
From the mid-19th century until almost the end of the 20th century, most of Central Asia was part of the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, both Slavic-majority countries, and the five former Soviet -stans are still home to about 7 million ethnic Russians and 500,000 Ukrainians.
Gansu | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gansu
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Gansu (甘肃; formerly romanised as Kansu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northwest of the country.
It lies between the Tibetan and Loess plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east. The Yellow River passes through the southern part of the province.
Gansu has a population of 26 million (as of 2009) and covers an area of 453,700 square kilometres (175,200 sq mi). The capital is Lanzhou, located in the southeast part of the province.
The State of Qin originated in what is now southeastern Gansu, and went on to form the first dynasty of Imperial China. The Northern Silk Road ran through the Hexi Corridor, which passes through Gansu.
Yunnan | Wikipedia audio article
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Yunnan
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Yunnan (云南) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country. It spans approximately 394,000 square kilometres (152,000 sq mi) and has a population of 45.7 million (as of 2009). The capital of the province is Kunming, formerly also known as Yunnan. The province borders the Chinese provinces Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, and the Tibet Autonomous Region, and the countries Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar.
Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the northwest and low elevations in the southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys as much as 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of higher plants in China, Yunnan has perhaps 17,000 or more. Yunnan's reserves of aluminium, lead, zinc and tin are the largest in China, and there are also major reserves of copper and nickel.
The Han Empire first recorded diplomatic relations with the province at the end of the 2nd century BC. It became the seat of a Sino-Tibetan-speaking kingdom of Nanzhao in the 8th century AD. Nanzhao was multi-ethnic, but the elite most-likely spoke a northern dialect of Yi. The Mongols conquered the region in the 13th century, with local control exercised by warlords until the 1930s. From the Yuan dynasty onward, the area was part of a central-government sponsored population movement towards the southwestern frontier, with two major waves of migrants arriving from Han-majority areas in northern and southeast China. As with other parts of China's southwest, Japanese occupation in the north during World War II forced another migration of majority Han people into the region. These two waves of migration contributed to Yunnan being one of the most ethnically diverse provinces of China, with ethnic minorities accounting for about 34 percent of its total population. Major ethnic groups include Yi, Bai, Hani, Zhuang, Dai and Miao.
Xiongnu | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Xiongnu
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Xiongnu [ɕjʊ́ŋ.nǔ] (Chinese: 匈奴; Wade–Giles: Hsiung-nu) were a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Chinese sources report that Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 209 BC, founded the Xiongnu Empire.After their previous overlords, the Yuezhi, migrated into Central Asia during the 2nd century BC, the Xiongnu became a dominant power on the steppes of north-east Central Asia, centred on an area known later as Mongolia. The Xiongnu were also active in areas now part of Siberia, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang. Their relations with adjacent Chinese dynasties to the south east were complex, with repeated periods of conflict and intrigue, alternating with exchanges of tribute, trade, and marriage treaties.
Attempts to identify the Xiongnu with later groups of the western Eurasian Steppe remain controversial. Scythians and Sarmatians were concurrently to the west. The identity of the ethnic core of Xiongnu has been a subject of varied hypotheses, because only a few words, mainly titles and personal names, were preserved in the Chinese sources. The name Xiongnu may be cognate with that of the Huns or the Huna, although this is disputed. Other linguistic links – all of them also controversial – proposed by scholars include Iranian, Mongolic, Turkic, Uralic, Yeniseian, Tibeto-Burman or multi-ethnic.
Silk Road | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Silk Road
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West. It was central to cultural interaction between the regions for many centuries. The Silk Road refers to both the terrestrial and the maritime routes connecting East Asia and Southeast Asia with East Africa, West Asia and Southern Europe.
The Silk Road derives its name from the lucrative trade in silk carried out along its length, beginning in the Han dynasty (207 BCE–220 CE). The Han dynasty expanded the Central Asian section of the trade routes around 114 BCE through the missions and explorations of the Chinese imperial envoy Zhang Qian. The Chinese took great interest in the safety of their trade products and extended the Great Wall of China to ensure the protection of the trade route.Trade on the Road played a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China, Korea, Japan, India, Iran, Afghanistan, Europe, the Horn of Africa and Arabia, opening long-distance political and economic relations between the civilizations. Though silk was the major trade item exported from China, many other goods were traded, as well as religions, syncretic philosophies, sciences, and technologies. Diseases, most notably plague, also spread along the Silk Road. In addition to economic trade, the Silk Road was a route for cultural trade among the civilizations along its network.Traders in ancient history included the Bactrians, Sogdians, Syrians, Jews, Arabs, Iranians, Turkmens, Chinese, Malays, Indians, Somalis, Greeks, Romans, Georgians, Armenians, and Azerbaijanis.In June 2014, UNESCO designated the Chang'an-Tianshan corridor of the Silk Road as a World Heritage Site. The Indian portion is on the tentative site list.
Gansu | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:48 1 Name
00:02:25 2 History
00:02:49 2.1 Ancient Gansu
00:03:57 2.2 Imperial era
00:06:00 2.3 Republican China
00:07:42 3 Geography
00:10:09 4 Administrative divisions
00:10:39 4.1 Urban areas
00:10:47 5 Politics
00:14:24 6 Economy
00:16:48 6.1 Economic and technological development zones
00:18:01 7 Demographics
00:18:51 8 Languages
00:19:16 9 Culture
00:19:40 9.1 Religion
00:20:46 10 Tourism
00:20:55 10.1 Jiayuguan Pass of the Great Wall
00:22:24 10.2 Mogao Grottoes
00:23:05 10.3 Silk Road and Dunhuang City
00:24:15 10.4 Silk Route Museum
00:24:36 10.5 Bingling Temple
00:25:17 10.6 Labrang Monastery
00:25:58 11 Education
00:26:07 11.1 Colleges and universities
00:27:12 12 Natural resources
00:27:21 12.1 Land
00:28:24 12.2 Minerals
00:28:57 12.3 Energy
00:30:10 12.4 Flora and fauna
00:31:16 13 Environment
00:31:25 13.1 Natural disasters
00:31:48 13.2 Anti-desertification project
00:32:15 14 Space launch center
00:32:36 15 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Gansu (甘肃; formerly romanized as Kansu) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northwest of the country. Its capital and largest city is Lanzhou, located in the southeast part of the province.
The seventh-largest administrative district by area at 453,700 square kilometres (175,200 sq mi), Gansu lies between the Tibetan and Loess plateaus and borders Mongolia (Govi-Altai Province), Inner Mongolia and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south and Shaanxi to the east. The Yellow River passes through the southern part of the province. Part of Gansu's territory is located in the Gobi desert. The Qilian mountains are located in the south of the Province.
Gansu has a population of 26 million, ranking 22nd in China. Its population is mostly Han, along with Hui, Dongxiang and Tibetan minorities. The most common language is Mandarin. Gansu is among the poorest administrative divisions in China, ranking 31st in GDP per capita. Most of Gansu's economy is based on the mining industry and the extraction of minerals, especially rare earth elements. Tourism also plays a role in Gansu's economy.
The State of Qin originated in what is now southeastern Gansu and went on to form the first dynasty of Imperial China. The Northern Silk Road ran through the Hexi Corridor, which passes through Gansu, resulting in it being an important strategic outpost and communications link for the Chinese empire.
The city of Jiayuguan, the second most populated city in Gansu, is known for its section of the Great Wall and the Jiayuguan Pass fortress complex.