The warrior Cossacks of Ukraine - BBC News
For hundreds of years, a tiny island in the Dnieper River provided sanctuary to a legendary group of warriors - Ukraine's Zaporozhian Cossacks. The men moved to Khortytsia in the 15th Century in search of freedom and democracy, as Andriy Kravets from the BBC's Ukrainian service reports.
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Cossack show (Zaporizhia - Ukraine)
Cossacks (Ukrainian: Козаки́, Kozaki; Russian: Каза́ки́, Kazaki; Polish: Kozacy) were members of militaristic communities living in Ukraine and southern Russia.
Towards the end of the 15th century, Zaporozhian Cossacks had established a Cossack host in the steppe of Ukraine around the Dniper River. In the 16th century, the Don Cossacks established another host in the Don River basin.
The Dniper Cossacks of Ukraine formed the Zaporozhian Sich. Initially a vassal of Poland-Lithuania, the increasing social and religious pressure from the Commonwealth caused them to proclaim an independent Cossack Hetmanate, initiating by a rebellion under Bohdan Khmelnytsky in the mid-17th century. Afterwards, with the Treaty of Pereyaslavl with Russia signalled the start of the Commonwealth's decline but also brought most of Ukraine under Russian control for the next three hundred years.[1]
The Don Cossack Host, allied with the Tsardom of Russia, began a systematic conquest and colonisation of lands to secure her borders on the Volga, the whole of Siberia, the Ural and the Terek Rivers.
In the 18th century the Russian Empire's expansionist ambitions relied on ensuring the loyalty of Cossacks, which caused tension with their traditional independent lifestyle. This resulted in rebellions led by Stenka Razin, Kondraty Bulavin and Yemelyan Pugachev. In extreme cases whole Hosts could be dissolved, as was the fate of the Zaporozhian Sich in 1775. By the end of the 18th century, Cossacks were transformed into a special social estate; they served as border guards on national and internal ethnic borders (as was in the case in the Caucasus War) and regularly supplied men to conflicts such as the numerous Russo-Turkish Wars. In return they enjoyed vast social autonomy. This caused them to form a stereotypical portrayal of 19th century Russian Empire abroad and her government domestically.
During the Russian Civil War Cossack regions became centers for the Anti-Bolshevik White movement, a portion of whom would form the White emigration. The Don and Kuban Cossacks even formed short-lived independent states in their respective territories. With the victory of the Red Army, the Cossack lands were subjected to famine, and suffered extensive repressions. During the Second World War Cossacks fought for both the Soviet Union and for Nazi Germany, a choice which led to what has been called the 'Betrayal of Cossacks' by the Allied forces after the war, as the Soviet Union executed 'repatriated' Cossacks and again engaged in repressionary policies against their group. After the Collapse of the Soviet Union, the Cossack lifestyle and its ideas have made a return in Russia. Special Cossack units exist in the Russian Military, while Cossacks also have a parallel civil administration and police duties in their home territories that have become an integral part of contemporary society. There are Cossack organizations in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and other countries.
Chernivtsi Museum of Folk Architecture and Life Shows Ukraine in the 19th Century
One of the greatest museums in Ukraine - Chernivtsi Regional Museum of Folk Architecture and Life - is ready to welcome visitors for International Museum Day on the 18th. Ancient houses and unique mills recreate the authentic atmosphere of Bukovyna in the 19th century.
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Cossack Ukraine, combat knife.
Військо Запорозьке Низове. Бойові мистецтва України
Vast expanses of martial arts 209.
Ukraine River Cruise Travel Video - Dnieper River Tour in Europe
Our Ukraine Cruise is a real gem. This once hidden and unknown country is now open to tourists. History dates back over 1000 years and you can see wonderful landmarks in the capital city of Kiev. The Dnieper River offers you an up close and personal view of the culture and people that call the Ukaine home.
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Welcome to Ukraine, one of Europe's last hidden treasures. Long in the shadow of the Soviet Empire, this lovely country, rich in history, culture and natural beauty, regained its independence in 1991 and opened its doors to the world. From gorgeous Odessa, the gateway to the Black Sea, to Yalta and its world-class beaches, to Zaporozhye, the home of the fearless Cossack warriors, and to cosmopolitan Kiev, with its wide, tree-lined boulevards and a thousand-year-old history, Ukraine is a true treasure chest of natural and man-made attractions waiting to be explored. We are pleased to introduce to you this new and exciting travel destination in the hopes that we may one day share in the pleasure of your company as you discover Ukraine with us.
One of the best ways to explore this diverse country is by cruising the magnificent Dnieper River. At 1,420 miles in length, it is the third longest river in Europe, after the Volga and the Danube. The benefits of a river cruise are many. No packing and unpacking, as our floating hotel will take you from one exciting destination to the next. All your meals are included, as are most of your shore excursions. Our on-board staff of guides, cruise directors, and talented entertainers will delight you with their lectures, music, and hospitality. Sit back and enjoy an unforgettable journey from Odessa to Kiev, and all of the unique Ukrainian stops in between.
As either a starting or ending point for our cruises, Odessa is sure to delight you. A mild climate and a youthful, vibrant population have drawn the rich and the famous to this Black Sea port for centuries. Its most famous citizen, the French Duke De Richelieu, transformed the city into a thriving center of commerce and culture. Its Opera House, and the Potemkin Stairs, are world-renowned, while its tree-lined promenades and classical buildings painted in pastel hues invoke another era. Life on board our floating hotel will be as exciting as the ports you will be visiting.
Our first stop, Sevastopol, is home to the Russian Navy's feared Black Sea Fleet. Closed to foreign visitors until the early 1990s, Sevastopol today is a city of clean and orderly boulevards, neo-classical Russian buildings, and the unique Panorama Museum. As our ship sails from Sevastopol to Yalta, the optional bus excursion across the Crimean peninsula will take you to see the unique cliff-side fortress of Swallow's Nest. The historic Livadia Palace, the location where Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill decided the fate of post-war Europe, will be equally impressive. Stunningly situated between the Crimean mountains and the Black Sea, Yalta has been a major destination for poets, politicians, artists, writers, and the Russian Czar's family. Kherson is the gateway to the Dnieper delta. Here, you will board smaller boats that will take you to an authentic Ukrainian fishing village. A local family will host an al fresco lunch, accompanied with some improvised entertainment.
Zaporozhye, a name that conjures up images of fierce, pony-tailed warriors, is also the home of the first independence movements of Ukraine. Here you will enjoy a tour of the city, and a visit to the unique Zaporozhye Cossack museum. The optional Cossack show will feature their horsemanship, weapon skills, and music. Home to Ukraine's favorite son, Taras Shevchenko, Kanev is both his birthplace and burial ground. After a tour of his museum, you will enjoy a special shashlik barbecue. There will be wine, entertainment, and a selection of songs performed by our enthusiastic flower girls.
Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, is also recognized as the birthplace of Kievan Rus, or Russia. It came to be in 988, when Prince Vladmir the Great baptized the whole country and introduced Christianity to this part of the world. Today, it's a city of wide boulevards, giant chestnut trees, and a smiling and youthful population. The people are friendly, the city is beautiful. We hope you have enjoyed our short intro to Ukraine. we also hope we will have the pleasure of your company in the nearest future, as we sail along the beautiful Black Sea and the romantic Dnieper River.
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Short History of Ukraine. Oles' Buzina 23.12.2014 | Eng. Subs
Vox Populi Evo - Voice of The People
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In the world of mass media voice of the people goes largely unheard. All struggles, conflicts and worries of the people are carefuly ground up and digested through modern media machines. On this channel we are gathering a collection of videos about ongoing struggles of peoples against the machine of elitism. Once again my dear audience it is up to you to watch or not to watch. The main thing is to think for yourself.
В мире масс медиа голос народа в большей части остаётся неуслышанным. Все беды, конфликты и заботы народов аккуратно перемалываются и перевариваются современными медиа машинами. На этом канале мы собираем коллекцию видео о насущной борьбе народов против машины элитизма. Как всегда, мои дорогие зрители, вам решать, смотреть или нет. Главное - думайте самостоятельно.
Cutting some water bottles with my cossack shashka
This OR SIMILAR (ONLY UNSHARPENED) shashka and other cool cossack items are available on my Etsy
Or/and on my website russian-whips.com
Museum of Contemporary Art Kyiv
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Cossack fight
Cossack in captivity. Old fight scene in a new footage! (Thanks to Daha Braha band)
Kryvyi Rih
Kryvyi Rih or Krivoi Rog is a city in the Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine; it is the 8th most populous city in the country. It lies within a large urban area, administratively, incorporated with Kryvyi Rih Municipality as a city of region significance. It also serves as the administrative center of the district although it is not part of it. The city extends for 126 km from north to south.
Standing on the Saksahan and Inhulets river, Kryvyi Rih has been a major settlement for most of its history, going back to its founding as a postal city in 1775 by the Cossaks. A military settlement until 1860, it was part of Kherson, although it was incorporated during the 20th century with areas of Yekaterinoslav. The township began to expand at an astonishing rate at the beginning of the 1880s. Kryvyi Rih's urbanization was unplanned; French and English investment was brought on by a boom in metallurgy, iron mining and investigation of rich deposits of iron ore. The building of the Yekateryninska Railway in 1884 built for transportation of ore to Donbas transformed Kryvyi Rih into a major industry town that culminated in city status in 1919. Nationalization and investment spurred by soviet authorities led to extensive growth. In 1934 Kryvorizhstal was built, the first of more than 500 factories. The city also gave rise to the foundation of Kryvyi Rih National University. Financially, the city's growth after the nazi occupation increased due to economic reforms. Also, investment spurred by Ukrainian Independence, market economy and the 2014 revolution led to extensive regeneration, particularly in the city centre.
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Cossack shashka: handling and strikes
ATO Ukraine Cossack family of Slavic blood, strong spirit we pride lands news
ATO Ukraine Cossack family of Slavic blood, strong spirit we pride lands news
Historia Ukrainy (z napisami i tłumaczeniem)
o Krymie:
39:43 Kozacy pomogli Rosji wygrać Krym z Turcji
56:55 Donbass 2:16:28 Krym zostaje przeniesiony na Ukrainę
o Rosji 12:46 / 31:16
???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????: 1:47:38
NARODZINY NARODU (2008) Jerzy Hoffman
1:34 Kijów (401-500)
2:16 Bizancjum (330-1453)
2:45 Księżniczka Olga (890 - 969) akceptuje chrześcijaństwo
3:28 Chersonese
4:06 Wołodymyr Wielki (958 - 1015)
4:29 Jarosław Mądry (978-1054)
4:39 Katedra Św. Zofii (1100)
5:31 Anna - królowa Francji (1030-1075)
18:41 Vladimir Monomakh (1053-1125)
7:20 Yu Dolgoruky (1099-1157)
7:26 Moskwa
7:37 Mongołowie
10:16 Księstwo Gal-Vol lub Królestwo Rosji
10:49 Lwów
Termin MALOROSCIA: początek XIV wieku
12:37 Iwan III Grozny (1440-1505)
12:46 Mit o Rosji
13:07 Krym
13:53 Roksolana (1502 - 1558)
15:20 Polskie pańszczyzna
17:14 Zaporizhzhya Sich
18:33 UKR zmienia nazwę RUS
18:40 Kozak
20:15 Brest Union
20:18 Unici - wschodni katolicy Kościoła
21:08 Hetman Sagaidachny (1570 - 1622)
23:05 Prawosławie
23:28 Jestem Vishnevetsky (1612 - 1651)
23:31 Katolicyzm
24:54 B Chmielnicki (1595 - 1657)
30:04 Perejasław Rada 1654
34:39 I Mazepa (1639 - 1709)
37:06 Bitwa pod Połtawą (1709)
40:11 Sycz w Zaporożu (1552-1709)
40:27 Solovki
- Rewolucja Franza (1789)
48:18 jest zabronione przez Kościół greckokatolicki
48:49 Uniwersytet Kijowski (1833)
50:55 T. Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) (47 lat)
54:57 niebiesko-żółta flaga
55:45 Bractwo Cyryla i Metodego
56:32 ruch wyzwolenia narodowego
56:55 Krymska wojna (1853-1856)
57:07 Aleksander II (1818 - 1881) znosi poddaństwo
57:26 Donieck (1868)
58:56 Zielony klin
59:23 W Antonowiczu (1834 - 1908)
59:28 M Drahomanov (1841-1895)
1:00:42 L Ukrainka (1871 - 1913) (42 lata)
1:02:13 NTSh (1873)
1:11:03 M Grushevsky
1:03:27 I Franco (1856 - 1916)
1:04:22 Historia Ukr-Rus
1:04:49 Metropolitan A Sheptytsky (1865 - 1944) świadomość narodowa na emigracji
1:06:31 Pierwsza wojna światowa z 1914 roku
1:07:32 Dontsov (1883 - 1973)
1:07:57 (1914) Rosyjska okupacja
1:11:24 Z Petliurą
1:11:24 Zah-ukr Nara Response ZUNR
1:19:27 Ukr Galicyjska Armia
1:30:48 Ros. głód (1921)
1:41:21 HOLODOMOR (1932-1933) 11 000 000 ofiar
1:45:55 (1937-1938) zostały wykonane aresztowania - Gułag
1:46:54 niszczenie ukr ident
1:49:11 Ukr Sojusz Narodów Demokratycznych (UNDO)
1:42:20 Strzelec Ukr Sich
1:50:49 (UFO) Ukr Army Org (Praga) Istnieją Konovalety
1:51:19 D Dontsov - ideolog z ukr. nacjonalizm
1:52:00 (młodzież) UWO jest członkiem -: Org Ukr Nat (OUN)
1:52:52 (w Polsce w 1933 r.) Wraz z Banderą zostaje szefem OUN
1:55:03 I Wołoszyn
1:55:27 Upadek Karpaty-Ukrainy dzieli OUN na dwie frakcje: Melnikovtsev i Banderivtsi 1:56:11
Druga wojna światowa (1939-1945)
1:59:17 ślady NKWD - Batalion Nachtigall (słowika-Bandera) 1:51:43 Niezależny Ukr. Państwo
1:44:50 Bandera (1909 - 1959)
1:53:42 Babin Yar
1:55:40 Wojna partyzancka
1:44:01 Organizacja nacjonalistów Ukr (OUN)
1:57:42 Roman Szuachewicz
1:58:37 Wołyń
1:58:57 UPA - Ukraińska Armia Powstańcza
2:00:04 czystki etniczne (1943)
2:02:32 SS Dywizja Galicyjska
1:39:56 RUSIN zmienia termin ukraiński
2:06:14 Gułag 2:06:31 Jałta
2:10:30 Operacja Wisła
2:12:00 Anulowanie Kościoła greckokatolickiego
1:49:25 aneksja Zach Ukr
2:16:33 Powrót Krymu na Ukrainę
2:18:25 Odwilż (1950-1960)
2:30:09 (26 kwietnia 1986) - Katastrofa w Czarnobylu
2:35:30 Ruch
2:37:29 (1991) Niezależność
2:50:29 Pomarańczowa rewolucja (2004)
Sabre fencing No 3. Plastoon martial art, fighting system of Leonid Polezhaev.
Sabre fencing No 3. Plastoon martial art, fighting system of Leonid Polezhaev.
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────────── Detailed information is below ──────────
This video file refers to the group’s training in the martial art of Plastoon Cossacks of Zaporozhye. Plastoon martial art is the unique system of fighting based on the natural moves of the human body. The management of this art allows reading surroundings and acting successfully by subconscious mind.
This encourages an affective self-defense in any situation through applying to the various unexpected improvised tools.
The training includes the fencing on sabers, the techniques of using the knife, the whip and the ordinary stick.
The trainings are leaded by Mr. Leonid Polezhaev who went into studying martial arts during more than 25 years.
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Zaporiz'kyj march With Fire and Sword (Ukrainian Cossacks)
Vakarchuk in Columbia / Вакарчук у Колумбійському університеті в Нью-Йорку
Svyatoslav Vakarchuk: No friends, no enemies - INTERESTS! (HD)
Український виконавець Святослав Вакарчук не тільки навчається в США, але і читає там лекції. Фронтмент гурту “Океан Ельзи” Cвятослав Вакарчук зарахований на спеціальну лідерську програму Єльського університету Yale World Fellow 2015. Серед учасників програми – відомі журналісти, художники і фотографи із різних країн світу.
в рамках свого навчання прочитав лекцію в Колумбійському університеті , організовану Ukrainian Student Society.
Музикант розповів про те, як він бачить майбутнє України. У рамках свого виступу Вакарчук назвав ряд пунктів, виконання яких допоможе Україні стати процвітаючою державою.
Програма Yale World Fellows є ініціативою розвитку глобального лідерства Єльського університету.
FRAMEWORK
1. Future NOT Past 8:24
2. No enemies, no friends - interests. 17:35
3. Geography 17:51
4. Robust civil society 18:25
5. Sustainability 51:51
STRATEGY:
1. trust 52:25
2. decentralization 52:46
3. move over oligarchs 56:03
4. reform judicial system 57:29
5. army 57:52
6. change mass media 58:14
7. education 58:55
Засоби, або Філософія Змін
А) Історія має другорядне значення. Чим легший рюкзак, тим легше сходження. Варто сприймати історію як минуле, а не як модель для майбутнього. Економіка первинна (First demand, then supply).
Б) Немає постійних друзів чи ворогів, є лише постійні інтереси. Можна послухати поради інших, але діяти як ми вважаємо за потрібне.
В) Географію неможливо змінити, і треба це враховувати в нашому плануванні. Сусід завжди буде там.
Г) Активізм важливіший за уряд. Недовіра до інших, до уряду, але, найперше, до себе - головна проблема теперішнього суспільства. Це унеможливлює появу лідерів і grass roots організацій, як ОСББ.
Деякі зі стратегій
1. Відмова від патерналізму й централізованого бюджету. Держава - це не велика кишеня, з якої оплачують культуру. Культура твориться сама собою.
2. Головна функція держави - оборона й безпека громадян.
3. Освіта має бути найголовнішим внеском кожного. Якщо Західні держави надають гроші українським студентам - це внесок в укранську економіку. 50% повернеться, 10% працюватиме в уряді, 1-2% будуть лідерами.
4. Родина - це місце політичних змін. Теперішні батьки відповідають за етичну та естетичну зміну через 10-20 років.
5. ОСББ як прототип громадянського суспільства. Люди мають побороти гоббсівську війну всіх проти всіх.
6. ALUMNI, які живуть в інших країнах, мають створювати неполітичні партії з політичними цілями. Вони мають допомагати українським студентам виїхати й отримати якнайкращу освіту.
7. Гроші місцеві бюджети мають витрачати локально. Інакше, посада мера - це лише функція договорняка в Києві.
8. Важливо мати й бути прикладом успіху для інших. Зупинятися не можна. (Загалом, Вакарчук уміє надихати.) НаУКМА і Поліція - це історії успіху.
9. Олігархам законом треба заборонити мати більше 25% активів мас-медіа.
10. Суди мають пройти таку ж люстрацію, як і поліція. Повну заміну кадрів на молодих.
11. Війна проти олігархів може бути кровопролитною. Їх треба поступово інтеґрувати, аби вони дотримувалися закону. Їм також це вигідно, бо зараз у них іде війна один проти одного. Через закон, їхні права зменшуватимуться, покращуючи клімат у країні. Попри все, олігархи не були перешкодою для багатьох країн у процвітанні.
12. Повинні бути показові суди декількох злочинців, аби створити відчуття головування Закону в країні.
(c) СРГ ТРШ ЧНК
Святослав Вакарчук іде в Президенти
Український співак лідер гурту “Океан Ельзи” Святослав Вакарчук заручився підтримкою олігархів, та планує іти в Президенти України.
Despite as being one of the frontrunner in opinion polls for the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election Vakarchuk stated late August 2017 (in an interview) that he had no political ambitions.
Svyatoslav Vakarchuk speaks fluent Ukrainian, Russian, English and Polish languages.
Святослав Вакарчук - В 2015 году стал участником всемирной стипендиальной программы Йельского университета «Yale World Fellow 2015», направленной на построение сети новых мировых лидеров и расширение международного взаимопонимания[4][5]. В декабре 2016 года в эфире белорусского Первого канала выступил против создания черных списков артистов, которым запрещен въезд на Украину[6].
Выступает с лекциями, в том числе в Киевском политехническом институте, где общается с молодыми людьми и студентами на политические и государственные темы.
С 2017 года Святослав Вакарчук часто упоминается в прессе и в социологических исследованиях, как возможный кандидат в президенты Украины
#vakarchuk #вакарчук
Cossack Hetmanate | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:51 1 Name
00:03:38 2 History
00:03:47 2.1 Establishment
00:06:44 2.2 Moscow Protectorate
00:07:46 2.3 The Ruin
00:12:39 2.4 The time of Mazepa
00:14:16 2.5 End of the Zaporozhian Host
00:15:21 3 Culture
00:15:39 3.1 Education
00:17:48 3.2 Religion
00:19:01 4 Society
00:19:20 4.1 Nobles
00:20:51 4.2 Cossacks
00:21:31 4.3 Clergy
00:22:26 4.4 Townspeople
00:23:03 4.5 Peasants
00:24:19 5 Administrative divisions
00:25:25 5.1 List of regiments
00:27:10 6 Government
00:27:19 6.1 Leadership
00:29:38 6.2 First Little Russian Collegiate
00:31:50 6.3 Second Little Russian Collegiate
00:33:16 6.4 Foreign relations
00:33:25 6.4.1 Bohdan Khmelnytsky
00:36:28 6.4.2 Vyhovsky and Doroshenko
00:41:07 7 See also
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
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The Cossack Hetmanate (Ukrainian: Гетьманщина, Hetmanščyna), officially known as the Zaporizhian Host (Військо Запорозьке, Vijśko Zaporoźke, Latin: Exercitus Zaporoviensis), was a Cossack host in the region of Central Ukraine between 1648 and 1764 (or until 1782 according to some sources).The Hetmanate was founded by the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Uprising of 1648–57. Establishment of vassal relations with the Tsardom of Russia in the Treaty of Pereyaslav of 1654 is considered a benchmark of the Cossack Hetmanate in Soviet, Ukrainian, and Russian historiography. The second Pereyaslav Council in 1659 further restricted the independence of the Hetmanate, and from the Moscow side there were attempts to declare agreements reached with Yuri Khmelnitsky in 1659 as nothing more than the former Bohdan's agreements of 1654. The 1667 Treaty of Andrusovo – conducted without any representation from the Cossack Hetmanate – established borders between the Polish and Russian states, dividing the Hetmanate in half along the Dnieper and putting the Zaporizhian Sich under a formal joint Russian-Polish administration.
After a failed attempt to break the union with Russia by Ivan Mazepa in 1708, the whole area was included into the Government of Kiev and Cossack autonomy was severely restricted. Catherine II of Russia officially abolished the institute of the Hetman in 1764, and in 1764-1781 the Cossack Hetmanate was incorporated as the Little Russia Governorate headed by Pyotr Rumyantsev, with the last remnants of the Hetmanate's administrative system abolished in 1781.
Euromaidan | Wikipedia audio article
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Euromaidan
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
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Euromaidan (; Ukrainian: Євромайдан, Russian: Евромайдан, Yevromaidan, literally Euro[pean] Square) was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on the night of 21 November 2013 with public protests in Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square) in Kiev. The protests were sparked by the Ukrainian government's decision to suspend the signing of an association agreement with the European Union, instead choosing closer ties to Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union. The scope of the protests soon widened, with calls for the resignation of President Viktor Yanukovych and his government. The protests were fueled by the perception of widespread government corruption, abuse of power and violation of human rights in Ukraine. Transparency International named President Yanukovych as the top example of corruption in the world. The situation escalated after the violent dispersal of protesters on 30 November, leading to many more protesters joining. The protests led to the 2014 Ukrainian revolution.
During the Euromaidan, there were protests and clashes with police throughout Ukraine, especially at the Maidan in Kiev, which was occupied and barricaded by protesters, along with some administrative buildings, including Kiev City State Administration. On 8 December the crowd toppled Lenin statue nearby, police did not intrude. Protests and clashes increased in January, after the Ukrainian parliament passed a group of anti-protest laws. Protesters occupied government buildings in many regions of Ukraine. The protests climaxed in mid-February. Riot police advanced towards Maidan and clashed with protesters but did not fully occupy it. Police and activists fired live and rubber ammunition at multiple locations in Kyiv. There was fierce fighting in Kiev on February 18–20, in which 77 activists and 17 police officers were killed (see List of people killed during Euromaidan). Academic research suggests that many protesters were shot from locations controlled by Euromaidan. As a result of these events, Yanukovych was forced to make concessions to the opposition to end the bloodshed in Kiev and end the crisis. The Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine was signed by Vitaly Klitschko, Arseny Yatsenyuk, Oleh Tyahnybok. The signing was witnessed by the Foreign Ministers of Germany and Poland, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Radosław Sikorski, respectively, and the Director of the Continental Europe Department of the French Foreign Ministry, Eric Fournier. Vladimir Lukin, representing Russia, refused to sign the agreement.
The day the agreement was signed, the motorcade of Yanukovych was fired upon and shortly after that Yanukovych and other high government officials fled the country. Protesters gained control of the presidential administration and Yanukovych's private estate. Afterwards, the parliament removed Yanukovych from office, replaced the government with Oleksandr Turchynov, and ordered that former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko be released from prison. Events in Kyiv were soon followed by the Crimean crisis and pro-Russian unrest in Eastern Ukraine. Despite the ousting of Yanukovych, the installation of a new government, and the adoption of the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement's political provisions, the protests have sustained pressure on the government to reject Russian influence in Ukraine.
Combat Mission Black Sea: Dueling Shaskas Part 4
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Shashka Tershih Kazakov Shaska Tersk Cossacks
Date 8/4/2012 People look last time for this shashka which is going to be given to a Russian official by Cossacks in Howell, NJ from the Cossack museum. These Cossacks steel many items from the museum in order to get money to their bank accounts.