Kodėl Zervynose ant kryžių rištos prijuostėlės? (EN subtitles available)
Zervynų senolės pasakoja apie tradiciją aprišti kryžius prijuostėmis.
Prijuostėlės rištos ant kryžių jaunamartei atitekant, vėliau prašant įvairių malonių, sveikatos. Šis ritualas būdavo atliekamas iki saulei patekant.
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The elders from Zervynos village (Dzūkija, Lithuania) explain why there was a tradition to bond the apron around the cross in this area.
The aprons were bonded basically right after wedding by the woman, later - when asking for some favors or mercy, health. This ritual was strictly done only before the sunrise.
Polish–Lithuanian War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:22 1 Background
00:03:30 1.1 Military developments
00:05:27 1.2 Diplomatic developments
00:07:59 2 May–September 1919: rising tensions
00:08:11 2.1 Demarcation lines
00:09:54 2.2 Sejny Uprising
00:11:31 2.3 Polish coup attempt
00:13:31 3 September 1919 – June 1920: minor incidents
00:15:03 4 July 1920: Soviet advance and Polish retreat
00:15:14 4.1 Diplomatic developments
00:16:55 4.2 Territorial changes
00:18:40 4.3 Lithuanian neutrality
00:20:12 5 August–October 1920: struggles for the Suwałki Region
00:20:24 5.1 Polish advance and Soviet retreat
00:22:33 5.2 Direct negotiations and League of Nations
00:24:02 5.3 Battle of the Niemen River
00:25:32 5.4 Suwałki Agreement
00:27:27 6 October–November 1920: struggles for the Vilnius Region
00:27:40 6.1 Żeligowski's Mutiny
00:29:10 6.2 Capture of Vilnius and other military attacks
00:33:01 6.3 Mediation and diplomatic measures
00:35:30 7 Aftermath
00:38:38 8 Notes
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SUMMARY
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The Polish–Lithuanian War was an armed conflict between newly independent Lithuania and Poland in the aftermath of World War I. The conflict primarily concerned territorial control of the Vilnius Region, including Vilnius, and the Suwałki Region, including the towns of Suwałki, Augustów, and Sejny. The conflict was largely shaped by the progress in the Polish–Soviet War and international efforts to mediate at the Conference of Ambassadors and later the League of Nations. There are major differences in Polish and Lithuanian historiography regarding treatment of the war. According to Lithuanian historians, the war was part of the Lithuanian Wars of Independence and spanned from spring 1919 to November 1920. According to Poland, the war included only fighting over the Suwałki Region in September–October 1920 and was part of the Polish-Soviet War.
In April 1919, Poland captured Vilnius and came in contact with the Lithuanian Army fighting in the Lithuanian–Soviet War. Faced with a common enemy, the Polish–Lithuanian relations were not immediately hostile. Poland hoped to persuade Lithuania to join some kind of Polish–Lithuanian union (see the Międzymorze federation), which Lithuania saw as loss of independence to Polish federalism. As bilateral relations worsened, the Entente drew two demarcation lines in hopes to stall further open hostilities. The lines did not please anyone and were ignored. When a Polish coup against the Lithuanian government failed in August 1919, the front stabilized until summer 1920.
In July 1920, Poland was losing the Polish-Soviet War and was in full retreat. The Lithuanians followed retreating Polish troops to secure the territory, assigned to Lithuania by the Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty. The Soviets were the first to enter Vilnius. However, once Poland achieved a major victory in the Battle of Warsaw and forced the Soviets to retreat in August 1920, the Lithuanians were forced to defend their newly adjusted borders, which the Polish government did not recognize as valid. Fighting broke out in the Suwałki Region. During the Battle of the Niemen River, Poland attacked Lithuania on a wide front. The battle drastically altered the military situation and left Vilnius open to an attack. Under pressure from the League of Nations, Poland signed the Suwałki Agreement on October 7, 1920. The agreement drew a new demarcation line, which was incomplete and did not provide protection to Vilnius.
On October 8, 1920, Polish general Lucjan Żeligowski staged a mutiny among Polish troops and marched on Vilnius to defend the right of self-determination of local Poles. The mutiny was planned and authorized by Polish chief of state Józef Piłsudski. Żeligowski's forces captured Vilnius, but further adv ...