Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject of Russia. It is the second largest federal subject after the Sakha Republic, Russia's largest krai, and the third largest subnational governing body by area in the world, occupying an area of 2,339,700 square kilometers, which is 13% of the country's total territory. The administrative center of the krai is the city of Krasnoyarsk. Population: 2,828,187.
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Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)
00:02:41 1 Background
00:07:06 1.1 Euromaidan and Anti-Maidan
00:09:29 1.2 Russian political actions
00:11:55 2 Crimea
00:12:04 2.1 2014 annexation
00:15:08 2.2 Renewed conflict in 2016
00:16:36 2.3 2018 Kerch Strait incident
00:17:32 3 Donbass
00:19:17 3.1 March–July 2014
00:23:59 3.1.1 Weapons supply
00:28:23 3.2 2014 cross-border artillery shelling
00:29:44 3.3 August 2014 military invasion
00:34:11 3.3.1 Luhansk region
00:36:34 3.3.2 Donetsk region
00:38:24 3.3.3 Mariupol incursion
00:39:33 3.3.4 Result
00:40:25 3.3.5 Reaction
00:48:18 3.4 November 2014 escalation
00:55:55 3.5 2015
01:11:12 3.6 2016
01:11:59 3.7 Details of Russian involvement
01:26:09 3.7.1 Russian medal count
01:28:33 3.7.2 Training facility
01:31:29 3.7.3 Governance
01:32:06 4 Reactions to the Russian invasion in Crimea
01:32:17 4.1 Ukrainian response
01:34:06 4.2 US and NATO military response
01:36:31 4.2.1 Baltic states
01:38:27 4.2.2 Black and Mediterranean Seas
01:39:53 4.2.3 Poland and Romania
01:42:02 4.2.4 Relations with Russia
01:43:14 4.3 Military actions in other countries
01:43:24 4.3.1 Belarus
01:43:46 4.3.2 Turkey
01:44:24 4.4 International diplomatic and economic responses
01:48:47 4.5 Financial markets
01:49:49 5 Reactions to the Russian intervention in Donbass
01:53:03 5.1 Russian protests
01:54:13 5.2 Ukrainian public opinion
01:55:08 5.3 International reaction
01:56:27 6 See also
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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In February 2014, Russia made several military incursions into Ukrainian territory. After Euromaidan protests and the fall of Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych, Russian soldiers without insignias took control of strategic positions and infrastructure within the Ukrainian territory of Crimea. Russia then annexed Crimea after a referendum in which Crimeans voted to join the Russian Federation, according to official results. In April, demonstrations by pro-Russian groups in the Donbass area of Ukraine escalated into an armed conflict between the Ukrainian government and the Russia-backed separatist forces of the self-declared Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics. In August, Russian military vehicles crossed the border in several locations of Donetsk Oblast. The incursion by the Russian military was seen as responsible for the defeat of Ukrainian forces in early September.In November 2014, the Ukrainian military reported intensive movement of troops and equipment from Russia into the separatist-controlled parts of eastern Ukraine. The Associated Press reported 80 unmarked military vehicles on the move in rebel-controlled areas. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Special Monitoring Mission observed convoys of heavy weapons and tanks in DPR-controlled territory without insignia. OSCE monitors further stated they observed vehicles transporting ammunition and soldiers' dead bodies crossing the Russian-Ukrainian border under the guise of humanitarian aid convoys. As of early August 2015, OSCE observed over 21 such vehicles marked with the Russian military code for soldiers killed in action. According to The Moscow Times, Russia has tried to intimidate and silence human rights workers discussing Russian soldiers' deaths in the conflict. OSCE repeatedly reported that its observers were denied access to the areas controlled by combined Russian-separatist forces.The majority of members of the international community and organizations such as Amnesty International have condemned Russia for its actions in post-revolutionary Ukraine, accusing it of breaking international law and violating Ukrainian sovereignty. Many countries implemented economic sanctions against Russia, Russian individuals or companies – to which Russia responded in kind.In October 2015, The Washington Post reported that Russia has redeployed some of its elite units from Ukraine to Syria to support Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. In December 2015, Russia ...
Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation | Wikipedia audio article
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Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Crimean peninsula was annexed from Ukraine by the Russian Federation in February–March 2014 and since then has been administered as two Russian federal subjects—the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. The annexation was accompanied by a military intervention by Russia in Crimea that took place in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and was part of wider unrest across southern and eastern Ukraine.On 22–23 February 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin convened an all-night meeting with security service chiefs to discuss the extrication of deposed Ukrainian President, Viktor Yanukovych. At the end of the meeting Putin remarked that we must start working on returning Crimea to Russia. On 23 February, pro-Russian demonstrations were held in the Crimean city of Sevastopol. On 27 February masked Russian troops without insignia took over the Supreme Council (parliament) of Crimea, and captured strategic sites across Crimea, which led to the installation of the pro-Russian Aksyonov government in Crimea, the conducting of the Crimean status referendum and the declaration of Crimea's independence on 16 March 2014. Russia formally incorporated Crimea as two federal subjects of the Russian Federation with effect from 18 March 2014.
Ukraine and many world leaders condemned the annexation and consider it to be a violation of international law and Russian-signed agreements safeguarding the territorial integrity of Ukraine, including the Belavezha Accords establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States in 1991, the Helsinki Accords, the Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances of 1994 and the Treaty on friendship, cooperation and partnership between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. It led to the other members of the then G8 suspending Russia from the group, then introducing the first round of sanctions against the country. The United Nations General Assembly also rejected the vote and annexation, adopting a non-binding resolution affirming the territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognised borders. The UN resolution also underscores that the referendum having no validity, cannot form the basis for any alteration of the status of [Crimea] and calls upon all States and international organizations not to recognize or to imply the recognition of Russia's annexation. In 2016, UN General Assembly reaffirmed non-recognition of the annexation and condemned the temporary occupation of part of the territory of Ukraine—the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.The Russian Federation opposes the annexation label, with Putin defending the referendum as complying with the principle of self-determination of peoples. In July 2015, Russian prime minister Dmitry Medvedev said that Crimea had been fully integrated into Russia.