15 Iconic Designs and Beautiful Buildings by Architect Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright is without a doubt the most famous name in American Architecture.
He has designed everything from skyscrapers, churches, and schools to houses, hotels, and museums. Today we are bringing you 15 Iconic Designs and Beautiful Buildings by Architect Frank Lloyd Wright.
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15. Falling Water
(Mill Run, Pennsylvania)
14. Graycliff
(Derby, New York)
13. Darwin Martin House
(Buffalo, New York)
12. Guggenheim Museum
(New York, New York)
11. Beth Sholom Congregation
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
10. Child of the Sun
(Lakelane, Florida)
9. Avery Coonley House
(Riverside, Illinois)
8. Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio
(Oak Park, Illinois)
7. Marin County Civic Center
(San Rafael, California)
6. Unitarian Meeting House
(Madison, Wisconsin
5. Seth Peterson Cottage
(Reedaburgm, Wisconsin)
4. David & Gladys Wright House
(Phoenix, Arizona)
3. Norman Lykes House
(Phoenix, Arizona)
2. Hollyhock House
(Los Angeles, California)
1. Ennis House
(Los Angeles, California)
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15 Iconic Designs and Beautiful Buildings by Architect Frank Lloyd Wright
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Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin: Man is a Phase of Nature
Wright speaks on freedom, spirituality and the nature of man and god.
Taliesin is the name of Wright’s masterpiece home as well as the 800-acre architectural campus that includes buildings from nearly every decade of his career.
Taliesin was Wright’s primary residence for 48 years from 1911 to 1959. It was his laboratory for architectural designs and innovation, and continues to serve the Taliesin community.
Taliesin is located near Spring Green, Wisconsin in the southwestern part of the state.
This year Wisconsin is celebrating the 150 anniversary of Frank Lloyds Wright's birth with the opening of the FLW trail. Wright's home state of Wisconsin contains extraordinary works by Wright that are open to the public. #FLW150
Frank Lloyd Wright's home Taliesin is open as are the Visitor Centre, Studios, School, Theatre and the Taliesin grounds. As well the amazing Johnson Wingspread home, the SC Johnson Administration Building, the SC Johnson Research Tower, and the Golden Rondelle Theater are also open for tours.
Other extraordinary Frank Lloyd Wright buildings on the trail include; The First Unitarian Society Meeting House, Wyoming Valley School Cultural Arts Center, Monona Terrace in Madison, and more. Wisconsin is home to more than 40 Frank Lloyd Wight structures, so come to Wisconsin and explore the new FLW trail.
For information on the Frank Lloyd Wright Trail please visit: tourinfo@travelwisconsin.com - 800-432-8747
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reporter: Ilona Kauremszky
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Travel to the Northeast with an RV
After becoming stranded in North Carolina in the path of Hurricane Florence I was finally able to get on the road. Then we visited unlikely RV destinations such as Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. Also a very short stay in the state on Maine.
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November 12, 2019 - Board of Trustees Meeting
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10 Controversial Missing Persons Cases
There are many adjectives that can be used to describe missing person’s cases: sad, mysterious, tragic, baffling. However, you could also add the word “controversial” to that list. When a person disappears, that can sometimes only be the tip of the iceberg in a complicated and bizarre story.
10 Controversial Missing Persons Cases
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SAAM Symposia - Augustus Saint-Gaudens Centennial
This symposium will reexamined the influence and importance of one of America’s greatest sculptors, Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848-1907).
#403 General Session IV at UUA General Assembly 2017
This is the fourth General Session in which the business of the Association is conducted. Please refer to the Agenda for details (
Does God Answer Prayer in 2018? Proof, Through Debate
Does God Answer Prayer? This 102 minute unedited video debate, presented to a standing room only crowd, contains life changing proofs from a Messianic Jewish Rabbi, Universal Unitarian Reverend, Reformed Rabbi-Cantor, and Atheist Psychologist.
was recorded live in the award winning Georgetown Texas Public Library, on July 16th 2018. Special thanks to the Georgetown Community Forum, and Rabbi Jonathan Dade ( with his contour camera.
Media inquiries and general questions can be sent to office@messiahechad.org
UU Farmington Sunday Service
UU Church of Farmington members practice a diverse spectrum of beliefs. Our membership has included Humanists, Liberal Christians; Practicing Buddhists, Neo-Pagans, Agnostics, Atheists; and people who practice cultural Hindu and Jewish rituals.
BK-One & Brother Ali - Tema do Canibal, Live at Lilla Hotellbaren, Stockholm 10(16)
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From the album:
Rádio do Canibal (2009)
01. Intro (Ivan Tiririca)
02. Gittit (feat Slug & Brother Ali)
03. Mega (feat Haiku D Etat)
04. (Interlude) Caetano Veloso
05. The True & Living (feat Raekwon & I Self Devine)
06. Here I Am feat (Phonte, Brother Ali, The Grouch)
07. Tema do Canibal (feat The Hypnotic Brass Ensemble)
08. (Interlude) Ivan Tiririca
09. Philly Boy (feat Black Thought)
10. Blood Drive (feat Slug)
11. A Day s Work (feat P.O.S.)
12. Face It (feat Toki Wright)
13. Love Like That (feat Aby Wolf)
14. (Interlude) Hyldon
15. Blue Balls (feat Blueprint)
16. Eighteen to Twenty-One (feat Murs)
17. Call to Arms (feat I Self Devine)
18. American Nightmare (feat Brother Ali & Scarface)
19. (Outro) Tom Ze
From september 22nd to november 20th 2009 BK-One is on the Fresh Air Tour together with Brother Ali, Evidence & Toki Wright.
Dates and locations:
22 sep - Pizza Luce - Duluth, Minnesota
23 sep - Whats Up Lounge - Mankato, Minnesota
24 sep - The Industry - Iowa City, Iowa
25 sep - Nuttys North - Sioux Falls, South Dakota
26 sep - The Waiting Room - Omaha, Nebraska
27 sep - Granada - Lawrence, Kansas
29 sep - Ogden Theatre - Denver, Colorado
30 sep - Fox Theatre - Boulder, Colorado
01 oct - Black Sheep - Colorado Springs, Colorado
02 oct - In The Venue - Salt Lake City, Utah
03 oct - The Venue - Boise, Idaho
04 oct - Badlander - Missoula, Montana
06 oct - Boulevard - Spokane, Washington
07 oct - Neumos - Seattle, Washington
08 oct - Element Nite Club - Victoria, British Columbia
09 oct - Venue - Vancouver, British Columbia
10 oct - Nightlight Lounge - Bellingham, Washington
11 oct - Hawthorne Theatre - Portland, Oregon
12 oct - The WOW Hall - Eugene, Oregon
14 oct - Humboldt State University - Arcata, California
15 oct - New Oasis - Reno, Nevada
16 oct - The Catalyst Club - Santa Cruz, California
17 oct - Slims - San Francisco, California
18 oct - Avalon Night Club - Santa Clara, California
20 oct - El Rey Theatre - Los Angeles, California
21 oct - Canes Bar & Grill - San Diego, California
22 oct - Club Red - Phoenix, Arizona
23 oct - Club Congress - Tuscon, Arizona
26 oct - Foundation - Lubbock, Texas
27 oct - Granada Theater - Dallas, Texas
28 oct - Emos - Austin, Texas
29 oct - Warehouse Live - Houston, Texas
01 nov - The Social - Orlando, Florida
04 nov - Cats Cradle - Carrboro, North Carolina
05 nov - Ottobar - Baltimore, Maryland
06 nov - First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
07 nov - The Fillmore New York at Irving Plaza - New York, New York
08 nov - Paradise Rock Club - Boston, Massachusetts
09 nov - Higher Ground - Burlington, Vermont
10 nov - The Asylum - Portland, Maine
11 nov - Pearl Street - Northampton, Massachusetts
13 nov - Grog Shop - Cleveland Heights, Ohio
14 nov - Skullys - Columbus, Ohio
15 nov - Uncle Pleasants - Louisville, Kentucky
17 nov - Blind Pig - Ann Arbor, Michigan
18 nov - Metro - Chicago, Illinois
19 nov - Barrymore Theatre - Madison, Wisconsin
20 nov - First Avenue - Minneapolis, Minnesota
Suspense: I Won't Take a Minute / The Argyle Album / Double Entry
The program's heyday was in the early 1950s, when radio actor, producer and director Elliott Lewis took over (still during the Wilcox/Autolite run). Here the material reached new levels of sophistication. The writing was taut, and the casting, which had always been a strong point of the series (featuring such film stars as Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten, Henry Fonda, Humphrey Bogart, Judy Garland, Ronald Colman, Marlene Dietrich, Eve McVeagh, Lena Horne, and Cary Grant), took an unexpected turn when Lewis expanded the repertory to include many of radio's famous drama and comedy stars — often playing against type — such as Jack Benny. Jim and Marian Jordan of Fibber McGee and Molly were heard in the episode, Backseat Driver, which originally aired February 3, 1949.
The highest production values enhanced Suspense, and many of the shows retain their power to grip and entertain. At the time he took over Suspense, Lewis was familiar to radio fans for playing Frankie Remley, the wastrel guitar-playing sidekick to Phil Harris in The Phil Harris-Alice Faye Show. On the May 10, 1951 Suspense, Lewis reversed the roles with Death on My Hands: A bandleader (Harris) is horrified when an autograph-seeking fan accidentally shoots herself and dies in his hotel room, and a vocalist (Faye) tries to help him as the townfolk call for vigilante justice against him.
With the rise of television and the departures of Lewis and Autolite, subsequent producers (Antony Ellis, William N. Robson and others) struggled to maintain the series despite shrinking budgets, the availability of fewer name actors, and listenership decline. To save money, the program frequently used scripts first broadcast by another noteworthy CBS anthology, Escape. In addition to these tales of exotic adventure, Suspense expanded its repertoire to include more science fiction and supernatural content. By the end of its run, the series was remaking scripts from the long-canceled program The Mysterious Traveler. A time travel tale like Robert Arthur's The Man Who Went Back to Save Lincoln or a thriller about a death ray-wielding mad scientist would alternate with more run-of-the-mill crime dramas.
Brother Ali & BK-One - Dorian, Live at Lilla Hotellbaren, Stockholm 16(16)
Check our profile for more information or visit us here:
Website:
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We will delete video clips immediately if artists, bands or record companies ask us.
Please mail us at info@gratisistockholm.nu regarding copyright issues.
Thanks in advance! // GRATIS I STOCKHOLM
Brother Ali official website:
Brother Ali official myspace:
BK-One official myspace:
From the album:
Shadows On The Sun (2003)
01. Room With A View
02. Champion
03. Star Quality
04. Prince Charming
05. Win Some Lose Some
06. Pay Them Back
07. Blah Blah Blah (feat Slug)
08. Shadows On The Sun
09. Prelude
10. Forest Whitiker
11. Bitchslap!
12. Back Stage Pacin'
13. When The Beat Comes In
14. Missing Teeth
15. Dorian
16. Soul Whisper
17. Picket Fence
18. Victory! (Come Forward
From september 22nd to november 20th 2009 Brother Ali is on the Fresh Air Tour together with Evidence, Toki Wright & BK-One.
Dates and locations:
22 sep - Pizza Luce - Duluth, Minnesota
23 sep - Whats Up Lounge - Mankato, Minnesota
24 sep - The Industry - Iowa City, Iowa
25 sep - Nuttys North - Sioux Falls, South Dakota
26 sep - The Waiting Room - Omaha, Nebraska
27 sep - Granada - Lawrence, Kansas
29 sep - Ogden Theatre - Denver, Colorado
30 sep - Fox Theatre - Boulder, Colorado
01 oct - Black Sheep - Colorado Springs, Colorado
02 oct - In The Venue - Salt Lake City, Utah
03 oct - The Venue - Boise, Idaho
04 oct - Badlander - Missoula, Montana
06 oct - Boulevard - Spokane, Washington
07 oct - Neumos - Seattle, Washington
08 oct - Element Nite Club - Victoria, British Columbia
09 oct - Venue - Vancouver, British Columbia
10 oct - Nightlight Lounge - Bellingham, Washington
11 oct - Hawthorne Theatre - Portland, Oregon
12 oct - The WOW Hall - Eugene, Oregon
14 oct - Humboldt State University - Arcata, California
15 oct - New Oasis - Reno, Nevada
16 oct - The Catalyst Club - Santa Cruz, California
17 oct - Slims - San Francisco, California
18 oct - Avalon Night Club - Santa Clara, California
20 oct - El Rey Theatre - Los Angeles, California
21 oct - Canes Bar & Grill - San Diego, California
22 oct - Club Red - Phoenix, Arizona
23 oct - Club Congress - Tuscon, Arizona
26 oct - Foundation - Lubbock, Texas
27 oct - Granada Theater - Dallas, Texas
28 oct - Emos - Austin, Texas
29 oct - Warehouse Live - Houston, Texas
01 nov - The Social - Orlando, Florida
04 nov - Cats Cradle - Carrboro, North Carolina
05 nov - Ottobar - Baltimore, Maryland
06 nov - First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
07 nov - The Fillmore New York at Irving Plaza - New York, New York
08 nov - Paradise Rock Club - Boston, Massachusetts
09 nov - Higher Ground - Burlington, Vermont
10 nov - The Asylum - Portland, Maine
11 nov - Pearl Street - Northampton, Massachusetts
13 nov - Grog Shop - Cleveland Heights, Ohio
14 nov - Skullys - Columbus, Ohio
15 nov - Uncle Pleasants - Louisville, Kentucky
17 nov - Blind Pig - Ann Arbor, Michigan
18 nov - Metro - Chicago, Illinois
19 nov - Barrymore Theatre - Madison, Wisconsin
20 nov - First Avenue - Minneapolis, Minnesota
Innovating to End Urban Poverty Conference - Panel 7: Foundation Panel
Presented by the Sol Price Center for Social Innovation and the USC Bedrosian Center on Governance.
50 years ago, President Lyndon B. Johnson declared unconditional War on Poverty. However, solutions to poverty in America have been elusive. The Innovating to End Urban Poverty conference will explore the context for poverty, policy history, and innovative solutions bridging families to opportunity. The conference will convene a multi-disciplinary team of nationally-recognized scholars and practitioners to examine what is and is not working with an emphasis on the new policies, programs or practices needed to end urban poverty.
Panel 7: Foundation panel
Robert Greenstein, President, The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (Discussant)
Terri Ludwig, President & CEO, Enterprise Community Partners (Discussant)
Patrick McCarthy, President & CEO, The Annie E. Casey Foundation (Discussant)
Raphael Bostic, Professor & Director, USC Bedrosian Center on Governance (Moderator)
John Adams | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John Adams
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
John Adams (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 – July 4, 1826) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, serving as the first Vice President (1789–1797) and as the second President of the United States (1797–1801). He was a lawyer, diplomat, and leader of American independence from Great Britain. Adams was a dedicated diarist, and correspondent with his wife and advisor Abigail, and recorded important historical information on the era.
A political activist prior to the American Revolution, Adams was devoted to the right to counsel and presumption of innocence. He defied anti-British sentiment and successfully defended British soldiers against murder charges arising from the Boston Massacre. Adams was a Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress and became a principal leader of the Revolution. He assisted in drafting the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and was its foremost advocate in Congress. As a diplomat in Europe, he helped negotiate the peace treaty with Great Britain and secured vital governmental loans. Adams was the primary author of the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780, which influenced the United States' own constitution, as did his earlier Thoughts on Government.
Adams was elected to two terms as vice president under George Washington. He then won election in 1796 as president; during his single term, he encountered fierce criticism from the Jeffersonian Republicans and from some in his own Federalist Party, led by his rival Alexander Hamilton. Adams signed the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts and built up the army and navy in the undeclared Quasi-War with France. The main accomplishment of his presidency was a peaceful resolution of this conflict in the face of public anger and Hamilton's opposition. He was the first president to reside in the executive mansion now known as the White House.
Opposition from Federalists and accusations of despotism from Republicans led to Adams' re-election loss to his former friend Thomas Jefferson, and he retired to Massachusetts. He eventually resumed his friendship with Jefferson by initiating a correspondence that lasted fourteen years. He and his wife generated a family of politicians, diplomats, and historians now referred to as the Adams political family, which includes their son John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States. John Adams died on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, hours after Jefferson's death. Surveys of historians and scholars have favorably ranked his administration.
#302/303 Morning Worship and General Session II at UUA General Assembly 2016
UUA Moderator Jim Key presides over the general sessions in which the business of the Association is being conducted. Please refer to the Agenda for details on the specific items which will be addressed.
Richard Brookhiser on John Marshall: The Man Who Made the Supreme Court
Richard Brookhiser, Senior Editor, National Review
Captains Courageous by Rudyard Kipling
Real men don't take guff from snotty kids. Neither does Disko Troop, skipper of the We're Here, a fishing schooner out of Gloucester, Massachusetts, when his crew fishes Harvey Cheyne out of the Atlantic. There's no place on the Grand Banks for bystanders, so Harvey is press-ganged into service as a replacement for a man lost overboard and drowned. Harvey is heir to a vast fortune, but his rescuers believe none of what he tells them of his background. Disko won't take the boat to port until it is full of fish, so Harvey must settle in for a season at sea. Hard, dangerous work and performing it alongside a grab-bag of characters in close quarters is a life-changing experience.
Chapter 1 - 00:00
Chapter 2 - 28:17
Chapter 3 - 1:06:04
Chapter 4 - 1:48:53
Chapter 5 - 2:22:53
Chapter 6 - 2:54:16
Chapter 7 - 3:13:36
Chapter 8 - 3:30:31
Chapter 9 - 4:15:26
Chapter 10 - 5:05:05
Read by Mark F. Smith (
United States of America | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
United States of America
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km2), the United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area and slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe's 3.9 million square miles (10.1 million km2). With a population of over 325 million people, the U.S. is the third most populous country. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous in North America between Canada and Mexico. The State of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The State of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the French and Indian War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to gain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, with the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, being ratified in 1791 to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century, acquiring new territories, displacing Native American tribes, and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848. During the second half of the 19th century, the Civil War led to the abolition of slavery. By the end of the century, the United States had extended into the Pacific Ocean, and its economy, driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution, began to soar. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a global military power. The United States emerged from World War II as a global superpower, the first country to develop nuclear weapons, the only country to use them in warfare, and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union competed in the Space Race, culminating with the 1969 moon landing. The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world's sole superpower.The United States is the world's oldest surviving federation. It is a federal republic and a representative democracy, in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law. The United States is a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States (OAS), and other international organizations. The United States is a highly developed country, with the world's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP, accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP. The U.S. economy is largely post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge-based activities, although the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world. The United States is the world's largest importer and the second largest exporter of goods, by value. Although its population is only 4.3% of the world total, t ...
403 - Debate and Vote on Statement of Conscience
This is the fourth General Session in which the business of the Association is conducted. Please refer to the Agenda for details (
Thomas Jefferson | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Thomas Jefferson
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he had been elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801. He was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights motivating American colonists to break from Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level.
Jefferson was mainly of English ancestry, born and educated in colonial Virginia. He graduated from the College of William & Mary and briefly practiced law, with the largest number of his cases concerning land ownership claims. During the American Revolution, he represented Virginia in the Continental Congress that adopted the Declaration, drafted the law for religious freedom as a Virginia legislator, and served as a wartime governor (1779–1781). He became the United States Minister to France in May 1785, and subsequently the nation's first Secretary of State in 1790–1793 under President George Washington. Jefferson and James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the First Party System. With Madison, he anonymously wrote the controversial Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798–1799, which sought to strengthen states' rights by nullifying the federal Alien and Sedition Acts.
As President, Jefferson pursued the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies. He also organized the Louisiana Purchase, almost doubling the country's territory. As a result of peace negotiations with France, his administration reduced military forces. He was reelected in 1804. Jefferson's second term was beset with difficulties at home, including the trial of former Vice President Aaron Burr. American foreign trade was diminished when Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act of 1807, responding to British threats to U.S. shipping. In 1803, Jefferson began a controversial process of Indian tribe removal to the newly organized Louisiana Territory, and he signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves in 1807.
Jefferson, while primarily a planter, lawyer and politician, mastered many disciplines, which ranged from surveying and mathematics to horticulture and mechanics. He was an architect in the classical tradition. Jefferson's keen interest in religion and philosophy led to his presidency of the American Philosophical Society; he shunned organized religion but was influenced by both Christianity and deism. A philologist, Jefferson knew several languages. He was a prolific letter writer and corresponded with many prominent people. His only full-length book is Notes on the State of Virginia (1785), considered perhaps the most important American book published before 1800. After retiring from public office, Jefferson founded the University of Virginia.
Although regarded as a leading spokesman for democracy and republicanism in the era of the Enlightenment, Jefferson's historical legacy is mixed. Some modern scholarship has been critical of Jefferson's private life, pointing out the contradiction between his ownership of the large numbers of slaves that worked his plantations and his famous declaration that all men are created equal. Another point of controversy stems from the evidence that after his wife Martha died in 1782, Jefferson fathered children with Martha's half-sister, Sally Hemings, who was his slave. Nonetheless, presidential scholars and historians generally praise his public achievements, including his advocacy of religious freedom and tolerance in Virginia. Jefferson continues to rank highly among U.S. presidents.