Italian literature | Wikipedia audio article
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Italian literature
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Italian literature is written in the Italian language, particularly within Italy. It may also refer to literature written by Italians or in Italy in other languages spoken in Italy, often languages that are closely related to modern Italian. An early example of Italian literature is the tradition of vernacular lyric poetry performed in Occitan, which reached Italy by the end of the 12th century. In 1230, the Sicilian School is notable for being the first style in standard Italian. Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest of Italian poets, is notable for his Divine Comedy. Petrarch did classical research and wrote lyric poetry. Renaissance humanism developed during the 14th and the beginning of the 15th centuries. Humanists sought to create a citizenry able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity. Early humanists, such as Petrarch, were great collectors of antique manuscripts. Lorenzo de Medici shows the influence of Florence on the Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci wrote a treatise on painting. The development of the drama in the 15th century was very great. The fundamental characteristic of the era following Renaissance is that it perfected the Italian character of its language. Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini were the chief originators of the science of history. Pietro Bembo was an influential figure in the development of the Italian language and an influence on the 16th-century revival of interest in the works of Petrarch.
In 1690 the Academy of Arcadia was instituted with the goal of restoring literature by imitating the simplicity of the ancient shepherds with sonnets, madrigals, canzonette and blank verse. In the 17th century, some strong and independent thinkers, such as Bernardino Telesio, Lucilio Vanini, Bruno and Campanella turned philosophical inquiry into fresh channels, and opened the way for the scientific conquests of Galileo Galilei, who is notable both for his scientific discoveries and his writing. In the 18th century, the political condition of Italy began to improve, and philosophers throughout Europe in the period known as The Enlightenment. Apostolo Zeno and Metastasio are two of the notable figures of the age. Carlo Goldoni, a Venetian, created the comedy of character. The leading figure of the literary revival of the 18th century was Giuseppe Parini.
The ideas behind the French Revolution of 1789 gave a special direction to Italian literature in the second half of the 18th century. Love of liberty and desire for equality created a literature aimed at national object. Patriotism and classicism were the two principles that inspired the literature that began with Vittorio Alfieri. Other patriots included Vincenzo Monti and Ugo Foscolo. The romantic school had as its organ the Conciliatore established in 1818 at Milan. The main instigator of the reform was Manzoni. The great poet of the age was Giacomo Leopardi. History returned to its spirit of learned research. The literary movement that preceded and was contemporary with the political revolution of 1848 may be said to be represented by four writers - Giuseppe Giusti, Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi, Vincenzo Gioberti and Cesare Balbo. After the Risorgimento, political literature becomes less important. The first part of this period is characterized by two divergent trends of literature that both opposed Romanticism, the Scapigliatura and Verismo. Important early-20th-century writers include Italo Svevo and Luigi Pirandello (winner of the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature). Neorealism was developed by Alberto Moravia. Umberto Eco became internationally successful with the Medieval detective story Il nome della rosa (The Name of the Rose, 1980).
Academy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:36 1 Etymology
00:01:47 2 Origins
00:01:56 2.1 Original Academy
00:03:38 2.2 Neoplatonic Academy of Late Antiquity
00:06:12 3 Ancient and medieval institutions
00:06:23 3.1 Ancient world
00:06:32 3.1.1 Greece and early Europe
00:07:09 3.1.2 Africa
00:07:56 3.1.3 China
00:09:01 3.1.4 India
00:12:07 3.2 Persia
00:13:24 3.2.1 Islamic world
00:14:08 3.3 Medieval Europe
00:15:34 4 Renaissance academies in Italy
00:15:54 4.1 15th-century iaccademie/i
00:19:54 4.2 16th-century literary-aesthetic academies
00:23:11 5 17th- and 18th-century academies in Europe
00:23:43 5.1 Literary-philosophical academies
00:25:16 5.2 Academies of the arts
00:27:13 5.3 Linguistic academies
00:29:18 5.4 Academies of sciences
00:33:26 5.5 Academic societies
00:34:38 5.6 Military academies
00:36:46 6 Modern use of the term iacademy/i
00:40:26 6.1 French regional academies overseeing education
00:41:22 6.2 Russian research academies
00:41:54 6.3 English school types
00:42:04 6.3.1 Tertiary education
00:43:13 6.3.2 Primary and secondary education
00:45:18 6.4 United States
00:48:18 6.5 Germany
00:49:17 7 Academic personnel
00:50:58 8 Structure
00:52:59 8.1 Qualifications
00:53:57 8.2 Academic conferences
00:54:23 8.3 Conflicting goals
00:55:14 8.3.1 Practice and theory
00:56:44 8.3.2 Town and gown
00:57:41 9 Academic publishing
00:57:51 9.1 History of academic journals
01:00:11 9.2 Current status and development
01:02:19 10 Academic dress
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.8605606511968326
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, higher learning, research, or honorary membership.
Academia is the worldwide group composed of professors and researchers at institutes of higher learning.
The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece.
Academia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:28 1 Etymology
00:01:27 2 Origins
00:01:36 2.1 Original Academy
00:03:02 2.2 Neoplatonic Academy of Late Antiquity
00:05:05 3 Ancient and medieval institutions
00:05:15 3.1 Ancient world
00:05:24 3.1.1 Greece and early Europe
00:05:55 3.1.2 Africa
00:06:33 3.1.3 China
00:07:26 3.1.4 India
00:09:57 3.2 Persia
00:10:59 3.2.1 Islamic world
00:11:36 3.3 Medieval Europe
00:12:46 4 Renaissance academies in Italy
00:13:04 4.1 15th-century iaccademie/i
00:16:15 4.2 16th-century literary-aesthetic academies
00:18:55 5 17th- and 18th-century academies in Europe
00:19:23 5.1 Literary-philosophical academies
00:20:38 5.2 Academies of the arts
00:22:14 5.3 Linguistic academies
00:23:55 5.4 Academies of sciences
00:27:15 5.5 Academic societies
00:28:14 5.6 Military academies
00:29:57 6 Modern use of the term iacademy/i
00:32:55 6.1 French regional academies overseeing education
00:33:42 6.2 Russian research academies
00:34:09 6.3 English school types
00:34:18 6.3.1 Tertiary education
00:35:14 6.3.2 Primary and secondary education
00:36:56 6.4 United States
00:39:21 6.5 Germany
00:40:10 7 Academic personnel
00:41:33 8 Structure
00:43:11 8.1 Qualifications
00:43:59 8.2 Academic conferences
00:44:22 8.3 Conflicting goals
00:45:05 8.3.1 Practice and theory
00:46:19 8.3.2 Town and gown
00:47:06 9 Academic publishing
00:47:16 9.1 History of academic journals
00:49:09 9.2 Current status and development
00:50:52 10 Academic dress
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9807450262120632
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, higher learning, research, or honorary membership.
Academia is the worldwide group composed of professors and researchers at institutes of higher learning.
The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece.