Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence, Tuscany, Italy, Europe
The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan church in Florence, Italy, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church. It is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 metres south-east of the Duomo. The site, when first chosen, was in marshland outside the city walls. It is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo, Galileo, Machiavelli, Foscolo, Gentile and Rossini, thus it is known also as the Temple of the Italian Glories (Tempio dell'Itale Glorie). The Basilica is the largest Franciscan church in the world. Its most notable features are its sixteen chapels, many of them decorated with frescoes by Giotto and his pupils, and its tombs and cenotaphs. Legend says that Santa Croce was founded by St Francis himself. The construction of the current church, to replace an older building, was begun on 12 May 1294, possibly by Arnolfo di Cambio, and paid for by some of the city's wealthiest families. It was consecrated in 1442 by Pope Eugene IV. The building's design reflects the austere approach of the Franciscans. The floorplan is an Egyptian or Tau cross (a symbol of St Francis), 115 metres in length with a nave and two aisles separated by lines of octagonal columns. To the south of the church was a convent, some of whose buildings remain. The Primo Chiostro, the main cloister, houses the Cappella dei Pazzi, built as the chapter house, completed in the 1470s. Filippo Brunelleschi (who had designed and executed the dome of the Duomo) was involved in its design which has remained rigorously simple and unadorned. In 1560, the choir screen was removed as part of changes arising from the Counter-Reformation and the interior rebuilt by Giorgio Vasari. As a result, there was damage to the church's decoration and most of the altars previously located on the screen were lost. The bell tower was built in 1842, replacing an earlier one damaged by lightning. The neo-Gothic marble façade, by Nicolò Matas, dates from 1857-1863. A Jewish architect Niccolo Matas from Ancona, designed the church's 19th-century neo-Gothic facade, working a prominent Star of David into the composition. Matas had wanted to be buried with his peers but because he was Jewish, he was buried under the porch and not within the walls. In 1866, the complex became public property, as a part of government suppression of most religious houses, following the wars that gained Italian independence and unity. The Museo dell'Opera di Santa Croce is housed mainly in the refectory, also off the cloister. A monument to Florence Nightingale stands in the cloister, in the city in which she was born and after which she was named. Brunelleschi also built the inner cloister, completed in 1453. In 1966, the Arno River flooded much of Florence, including Santa Croce. The water entered the church bringing mud, pollution and heating oil. The damage to buildings and art treasures was severe, taking several decades to repair. Today the former dormitory of the Franciscan Friars houses the Scuola del Cuoio (Leather School). Visitors can watch as artisans craft purses, wallets, and other leather goods which are sold in the adjacent shop. The Basilica became popular with Florentines as a place of worship and patronage and it became customary for greatly honoured Florentines to be buried or commemorated there. Some were in chapels owned by wealthy families such as the Bardi and Peruzzi. As time progressed, space was also granted to notable Italians from elsewhere.
Museo dell'Opera del Duomo di Firenze
???? “The Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Museum of the Works of the Cathedral) in Florence, Italy is a museum containing many of the original works of art created for the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, the cathedral(Duomo) of Florence. The museum is located just east of the Duomo, near its apse. It opened in 1891, and now houses what has been called one of the world's most important collections of sculpture.
Among the museum's holdings are Lorenzo Ghiberti's doors for the Baptistery of Florence Cathedral called the Gates of Paradise, the cantorias, or singing-galleries, designed for the cathedral by Luca della Robbia and Donatello, Donatello's Penitent Magdalene.
The collection also includes The Deposition, a pietà sculpted by Michelangelo which he intended for his own tomb.
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Museo dell'Opera del Duomo di Firenze / Cathedral Museum in Florence, Italy
RCF’s DXT 9000 evacuation system was installed at the Cathedral Museum in Florence, the permanent exposition of over 6000 sqm containing masterpieces of Donatello, Michelangelo and a wide collection of sculptures from Tuscan’s Middle Ages and Renaissance.
The project developed by RCF allows broadcasting vocal or pre-recorded messages in English and Italian, in accordance with EN 54 standards and with minimum visual impact. Find more information here: goo.gl/LDfeqq
Il sistema di evacuazione DXT 9000 di RCF è stato installato nel Museo dell’Opera del Duomo di Firenze, l’esposizione permanente di oltre 6000 metri quadrati che contiene opere d’eccezione di Donatello, Michelangelo e un’ampia collezione di sculture del Medio Evo e Rinascimento toscani.
Il progetto di RCF permette di trasmettere messaggi vocali o registrati in inglese e in italiano, nel rispetto della normativa EN 54 e con un impatto visivo discreto. Trova maggiori informazioni: goo.gl/RJnKoG
Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence, Tuscany, Italy, Europe
The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan church in Florence, Italy, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church. It is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 metres south-east of the Duomo. The site, when first chosen, was in marshland outside the city walls. It is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo, Galileo, Machiavelli, Foscolo, Gentile and Rossini, thus it is known also as the Temple of the Italian Glories (Tempio dell'Itale Glorie). The Basilica is the largest Franciscan church in the world. Its most notable features are its sixteen chapels, many of them decorated with frescoes by Giotto and his pupils, and its tombs and cenotaphs. Legend says that Santa Croce was founded by St Francis himself. The construction of the current church, to replace an older building, was begun on 12 May 1294, possibly by Arnolfo di Cambio, and paid for by some of the city's wealthiest families. It was consecrated in 1442 by Pope Eugene IV. The building's design reflects the austere approach of the Franciscans. The floorplan is an Egyptian or Tau cross (a symbol of St Francis), 115 metres in length with a nave and two aisles separated by lines of octagonal columns. To the south of the church was a convent, some of whose buildings remain. The Primo Chiostro, the main cloister, houses the Cappella dei Pazzi, built as the chapter house, completed in the 1470s. Filippo Brunelleschi (who had designed and executed the dome of the Duomo) was involved in its design which has remained rigorously simple and unadorned. In 1560, the choir screen was removed as part of changes arising from the Counter-Reformation and the interior rebuilt by Giorgio Vasari. As a result, there was damage to the church's decoration and most of the altars previously located on the screen were lost. The bell tower was built in 1842, replacing an earlier one damaged by lightning. The neo-Gothic marble façade, by Nicolò Matas, dates from 1857-1863. A Jewish architect Niccolo Matas from Ancona, designed the church's 19th-century neo-Gothic facade, working a prominent Star of David into the composition. Matas had wanted to be buried with his peers but because he was Jewish, he was buried under the porch and not within the walls. In 1866, the complex became public property, as a part of government suppression of most religious houses, following the wars that gained Italian independence and unity. The Museo dell'Opera di Santa Croce is housed mainly in the refectory, also off the cloister. A monument to Florence Nightingale stands in the cloister, in the city in which she was born and after which she was named. Brunelleschi also built the inner cloister, completed in 1453. In 1966, the Arno River flooded much of Florence, including Santa Croce. The water entered the church bringing mud, pollution and heating oil. The damage to buildings and art treasures was severe, taking several decades to repair. Today the former dormitory of the Franciscan Friars houses the Scuola del Cuoio (Leather School). Visitors can watch as artisans craft purses, wallets, and other leather goods which are sold in the adjacent shop. The Basilica became popular with Florentines as a place of worship and patronage and it became customary for greatly honoured Florentines to be buried or commemorated there. Some were in chapels owned by wealthy families such as the Bardi and Peruzzi. As time progressed, space was also granted to notable Italians from elsewhere.
Santa Croce Firenze
???? Video subtitles available in ENG and ROM
“The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan church in Florence, Italy, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church. It is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 meters south-east of the Duomo. The site, when first chosen, was in marshland outside the city walls. It is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo, Galileo, Machiavelli, the poet Foscolo, the philosopher Gentile and the composer Rossini, thus it is known also as the Temple of the Italian Glories (Tempio dell'Itale Glorie).
The Basilica is the largest Franciscan church in the world. Its most notable features are its sixteen chapels, many of them decorated with frescoes by Giotto and his pupils, and its tombs and cenotaphs. Legend says that Santa Croce was founded by St Francis himself. The construction of the current church, to replace an older building, was begun on 12 May 1294, possibly by Arnolfo di Cambio, and paid for by some of the city's wealthiest families. It was consecrated in 1442 by Pope Eugene IV. The building's design reflects the austere approach of the Franciscans. The floorplan is an Egyptian or Tau cross (a symbol of St Francis), 115 meters in length with a nave and two aisles separated by lines of octagonal columns. To the south of the church was a convent, some of whose buildings remain.
The Primo Chiostro, the main cloister, houses the Cappella dei Pazzi, built as the chapter house, completed in the 1470s. Filippo Brunelleschi (who had designed and executed the dome of the Duomo) was involved in its design which has remained rigorously simple and unadorned.
In 1560, the choir screen was removed as part of changes arising from the Counter-Reformation and the interior rebuilt by Giorgio Vasari. As a result, there was damage to the church's decoration and most of the altars previously located on the screen were lost.
The bell tower was built in 1842, replacing an earlier one damaged by lightning. The neo-Gothic marble façade dates from 1857-1863. The Jewish architect Niccolo Matas from Ancona, designed the church's façade, working a prominent Star of David into the composition. Matas had wanted to be buried with his peers but because he was Jewish, he was buried under the threshold and honored with an inscription.
In 1866, the complex became public property, as a part of government suppression of most religious houses, following the wars that gained Italian independence and unity.
The Museo dell'Opera di Santa Croce is housed mainly in the refectory, also off the cloister. A monument to Florence Nightingale stands in the cloister, in the city in which she was born and after which she was named. Brunelleschi also built the inner cloister, completed in 1453.
In 1966, the Arno River flooded much of Florence, including Santa Croce. The water entered the church bringing mud, pollution and heating oil. The damage to buildings and art treasures was severe, taking several decades to repair.“
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Florence 2012 : 6 Baptistère & Museo dell Opera del Duomo
Jouxtant le Duomo (la cathédrale) et le Campanile, le Baptistère est un monument moins visite alors qu'il s'agit d'un véritable chef d'oeuvre, ses mosaïques et marbreries y sont superbes, voilà une visite à ne pas oublier... quant au Musées de l'Oeuvre, ou Museo dell Opera del Duomo, nous y avons vu peu de visiteurs, dommage, il regroupe diverses pièces venant des trois monuments que sont justement le Duomo, le Campanile et le Baptistère. Ces visites se complètent à merveille !
Site de voyages : jy-v.fr
Basilica of Santa Croce Tour, Florence - Italy
Basilica of Santa Croce is one of the top attractions in Florence. It is sacred place with the tombs of famous artists, politician and scientists.
Walk around Florence Italy. Piazza Pitti Santa Maria Novella Duomo Palazzo Vecchio Santa Croce.
00:00 Piazza Santo Spirito Basilica di Santo Spirito
03:50 Piazza Pitti Palazzo Pitti
18:40 Ponte Santa Trinita
25:00 Ponte Alla Carraia
27:50 Piazza Carlo Goldoni
32:55 Piazza Ognissanti
33:35 Chiesa Di SS.Salvatore in Ognissanti
42:50 Piazza di Santa Maria Novella Basilica di Santa Maria Novella
51:30 Firenze S. M. Novella
59:10 Piazza di Madonna degli Aldobrandini Cappelle Medicee
01:03:10 Piazza del Duomo Battistero di San Giovanni Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore
01:11:40 Piazza della Signoria Palazzo Vecchio
01:22:45 Piazza di S. Firenze
01:28:10 Piazza di Santa Croce Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze
Firenze/Florence - La Basilica di Santa Croce
La Basilica di Santa Croce, una delle più alte espressioni del gotico in Italia, è opera, probabilmente, di Arnolfo di Cambio che vi avrebbe lavorato a partire dal 1294-1295. La chiesa venne terminata circa 90 anni dopo ma fu consacrata solo nel 1443.
La facciata odierna fu realizzata tra il 1853 e il 1863, ad opera dell'architetto Niccolò Matas. L'interno di Santa Croce è apparentemente semplice e altamente monumentale al tempo stesso, con tre navate divise da due file di grandi pilastri a base ottagonale. La grandiosa navata centrale (m. 115,43x38,23) segna una tappa fondamentale nel percorso artistico e ingegneristico che condurrà alla navata di Santa Maria del Fiore. I muri sottilissimi, sostenuti da archi a sesto acuto su pilastri ottagonali, richiamano le basiliche paleocristiane di Roma dove Arnolfo lavorò a lungo, ma la scala è infinitamente più grande e i problemi strutturali costituirono una vera e propria sfida alle capacità tecniche del tempo. Il soffitto a capriate, ingannevolmente francescano, richiese un complicato congegno strutturale data l'enorme luce libera e il peso che rischiava di soverchiare le sottili murature.
La basilica custodisce innumerevoli tombe. Solo sul pavimento sono disseminate 276 lastre di marmo con rilievi e stemmi intarsiati e molti monumenti funebri si trovano sulle pareti tra gli altari vasariani. Sebbene la basilica fosse stata usata come luogo di sepoltura di molti personaggi illustri, al pari di molte altre chiese, è solo nell'Ottocento che diventò un vero e proprio pantheon di personaggi celebri legati all'arte, alla musica e alla letteratura. Nel 1871 infatti veniva qui sepolto con una affollatissima cerimonia pubblica Ugo Foscolo, morto nel 1827 in Inghilterra. Dopo questo episodio iniziarono ad arrivare altre salme di celebrità decedute anche molti anni prima, come Gioacchino Rossini nel 1887, Leon Battista Alberti, Vittorio Alfieri, ecc., per i quali i migliori scultori dell'epoca realizzarono i monumenti che ancora si allineano nella navata. Anche per Dante fu approntato un grande sepolcro, ma la città di Ravenna si rifiutò strenuamente di consegnare le spoglie del poeta morto in esilio. La tomba più famosa è forse quella di Michelangelo, tra il primo e il secondo altare della navata destra, progettata dal Vasari. Proseguendo lungo la stessa navata, troviamo il cenotafio di Dante, il monumento funebre a Vittorio Alfieri di Antonio Canova, il monumento a Niccolò Machiavelli e, poco dopo, l'edicola con l'Annunciazione Cavalcanti di Donatello (1435 circa), capolavoro in pietra serena con dorature, realizzata con una tecnica inconsueta. All'inizio della navata sinistra, dopo il primo altare, è sepolto Galileo Galilei.
Importanti sono,tra gli altri, gli affreschi nelle due cappelle a destra dell'altare maggiore, la Cappella Peruzzi e la Cappella Bardi, entrambe decorate da Giotto tra il 1320 e il 1325. Uscendo dalla testa del transetto destro si passa dal portale disegnato da Michelozzo, architetto prediletto della famiglia Medici, e si giunge all'androne del Noviziato, che porta alla Sagrestia ed alla Cappella Medici.
Sul lato destro della facciata della Basilica si trova il chiostro trecentesco che introduce alla Cappella Pazzi, capolavoro di Filippo Brunelleschi e di tutta l'architettura rinascimentale. Il percorso espositivo prosegue nei locali del refettorio trecentesco dove sono posti importanti esempi di arte sacra tra i quali spicca il Crocifisso di Cimabue, una delle opere d'arte più importanti di tutti tempi, chiave nel passaggio dalla pittura bizantina a quella moderna, purtroppo diventato tristemente famoso come simbolo della distruzione causata dall'alluvione del 1966; nonostante il restauro la superficie pittorica è andata in gran parte perduta. La parete ovest del refettorio è dominata dalla grande serie di affreschi (1333) di Taddeo Gaddi, che la ricoprono interamente. Lo schema delle decorazioni diventerà tipico per i cenacoli conventuali, con una Crocifissione, qui rappresentata come Albero della Vita, contornata da alcune scene fra le quali spicca l'Ultima cena in basso, primo prototipo dei cenacoli fiorentini che andranno a decorare i refettori dei più prestigiosi conventi e monasteri della città.
Restoration, Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence, Tuscany, Italy, Europe
The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan church in Florence, Italy, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church. It is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 metres south-east of the Duomo. The site, when first chosen, was in marshland outside the city walls. It is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo, Galileo, Machiavelli, Foscolo, Gentile and Rossini, thus it is known also as the Temple of the Italian Glories (Tempio dell'Itale Glorie). The Basilica is the largest Franciscan church in the world. Its most notable features are its sixteen chapels, many of them decorated with frescoes by Giotto and his pupils, and its tombs and cenotaphs. Legend says that Santa Croce was founded by St Francis himself. The construction of the current church, to replace an older building, was begun on 12 May 1294, possibly by Arnolfo di Cambio, and paid for by some of the city's wealthiest families. It was consecrated in 1442 by Pope Eugene IV. The building's design reflects the austere approach of the Franciscans. The floorplan is an Egyptian or Tau cross (a symbol of St Francis), 115 metres in length with a nave and two aisles separated by lines of octagonal columns. To the south of the church was a convent, some of whose buildings remain. The Primo Chiostro, the main cloister, houses the Cappella dei Pazzi, built as the chapter house, completed in the 1470s. Filippo Brunelleschi (who had designed and executed the dome of the Duomo) was involved in its design which has remained rigorously simple and unadorned. In 1560, the choir screen was removed as part of changes arising from the Counter-Reformation and the interior rebuilt by Giorgio Vasari. As a result, there was damage to the church's decoration and most of the altars previously located on the screen were lost. The bell tower was built in 1842, replacing an earlier one damaged by lightning. The neo-Gothic marble façade, by Nicolò Matas, dates from 1857-1863. A Jewish architect Niccolo Matas from Ancona, designed the church's 19th-century neo-Gothic facade, working a prominent Star of David into the composition. Matas had wanted to be buried with his peers but because he was Jewish, he was buried under the porch and not within the walls. In 1866, the complex became public property, as a part of government suppression of most religious houses, following the wars that gained Italian independence and unity. The Museo dell'Opera di Santa Croce is housed mainly in the refectory, also off the cloister. A monument to Florence Nightingale stands in the cloister, in the city in which she was born and after which she was named. Brunelleschi also built the inner cloister, completed in 1453. In 1966, the Arno River flooded much of Florence, including Santa Croce. The water entered the church bringing mud, pollution and heating oil. The damage to buildings and art treasures was severe, taking several decades to repair. Today the former dormitory of the Franciscan Friars houses the Scuola del Cuoio (Leather School). Visitors can watch as artisans craft purses, wallets, and other leather goods which are sold in the adjacent shop. The Basilica became popular with Florentines as a place of worship and patronage and it became customary for greatly honoured Florentines to be buried or commemorated there. Some were in chapels owned by wealthy families such as the Bardi and Peruzzi. As time progressed, space was also granted to notable Italians from elsewhere.
Virtual Tour of the new Opera del Duomo Museum
Discovering the new Museo dell'Opera del Duomo
FLORENCE, ITALY-THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE LIVES ON!
Florence is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The Renaissance was born here and it still lives on today as evidenced by its amazing architecture. You will learn the history and little known facts about many of Florence's famous sights and you will feel like you're back in Renaissance times. We start out at the immense Florence Duomo complex which includes the Duomo, Giotto's Bell Tower, Brunelleschi's Dome, Baptistery, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Museum), and the Santa Reparata Crypt. We then see my (sometimes humorous) climb to the top of Brunelleschi's Dome. Then it's off to the Ponte Vecchio, the Uffizi Gallery, the Palazzo Vecchio, the Galleria dell'Accademia, a great view of Florence from the Piazzale Michelangelo, Santa Croce Church, and the good luck of the Il Porcellino fountain. What an unforgettable experience! Here are the sights in chronological order:
0:00 Introduction and Explanation of Renaissance
1:07 Florence Duomo (Cathedral)/Giotto's Bell Tower/Brunelleschi's Dome/Baptistery/Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Museum)/Santa Reparata Crypt
32:10 Climbing the Brunelleschi Dome
43:20 Ponte Vecchio (Old Bridge)
46:23 Uffizi Gallery
1:16:54 Palazzo Vecchio (Old Palace)
1:39:12 Galleria dellAccademia (with Michelangelo's Statue of David)
1:55:39 Great View of Florence from Piazzale Michelangelo
1:57:55 Basilica di Santa Croce (Santa Croce Church-where Michelangelo and Galileo are buried)
2:02:13 Il Porcellino Fountain
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Museo Galileo, Florence, Tuscany, Italy, Europe
The Museo Galileo (formerly the Museum of history of science and then Institute and Museum of the History of Science) in Florence is located in Piazza dei Giudici, just behind the square of the Uffizi, in the palace Castellani, a severe medieval building with three floors. Holds one of the most important scientific collections nationally and internationally. On 8 June 2010, after a two-year closure for renovations, the museum of the history of science has reopened to the public with the new name of Museo Galileo. The opening coincides with the 400th anniversary of the Sidereus Nuncius, the work was published in March 1610 with which Galileo Galilei popularized the sensational new show him from the telescope. The building stands on the site of the ancient castle of Altafronte , dating from the late eleventh century , which was the fortress that protected the Arno river port and was part of the circle of the ancient walls of Florence . The name comes from Altafronte family who owned it until 1180, when it was ceded to the powerful Ghibelline family of Uberti . As a result , damaged by the flood of 1333 and now deeply altered , passed to Castellani , who built the present palace . From 1574 to 1841 it housed the Justices of the wheel , to which the signs near the entrance to the walled palace : this is also sometimes referred to as the palace of the Judges, not to be confused with the art palace of Judges and Notaries in the way proconsul . The name judges wheel comes from the fact that they were chosen on a rotating among graduates in law and they sbrigavano civil cases . The palace was the subject of a heavy restoration in the first half of the nineteenth century and for a time it housed the collection of manuscripts in the National Library , up to the 20s . Among the prestigious institutions that have been established in the building we can not forget the Accademia della Crusca and the Deputation of the country's history for Tuscany . Since 1930 the public domain , which owns the building , has awarded the Institute and Museum of the History of Science , which now occupies the whole building . In 1839 it was restored by the architect Francesco Leoni. During some restoration work between 2002 and 2003 have been unearthed in the basement four imposing arches of the foundation stone of the castle Altafronte dating back to Medieval times . Interesting is the loggia on the top floor overlooking the Arno , now backed by windows . The museum was inaugurated in 1930 and collects valuable scientific instruments in part from the collections mediecee, once exhibited at the Museum of the Observatory attiguamente Palazzo Pitti, in part, from the collections Arcispedale of Santa Maria Nuova, partly through purchases from other sources and donations. In fact, if the branch of the Medici Lorenzo the Magnificent and Cosimo the Elder had a great love for the artistic patronage , the branch of the Grand Dukes , who came to power with Cosimo I in 1537 , protected and stimulated the sciences. The objects and equipment on display covering a time span from the Renaissance to the nineteenth century , and although initially the show was a pure display of memorabilia ( such as the famous telescope of Galileo), after the reorganization after the flood (1966) and the renewal of 1991 has become a scientific research institute for Italian and foreign scholars . The exhibition is a thematic basis of twenty rooms . In addition to the aforementioned telescopes belonged to Galileo Galilei , the museum also preserves the thermoscope , the geometric compass military , the inclined plane and a primitive microscope .
It also preserves a collection of instruments of the Accademia del Cimento , founded in 1657, with instruments for experiments on the thermodynamics, the void , the sound and the compressibility of liquids . One of the larger rooms contains a collection of antique globe and celestial spheres , with a great armillary sphere in carved and gilded wood used for complex astronomical calculations , made by Antonio Santucci between 1588 and 1593 .
The museum is also rich in many other instruments from different countries and different eras , including a series of scientific divertissement of the grand-ducal court , such as machines that create optical illusions , games of lenses and also a unique machine that revealed the purity of diamonds, however, because destroying acting on carbon , which are compounds , causing irreparable combustion. Part of the Institute since its founding , the library of the museum is now located on the third floor roof terrace of the building in the old Castellani.
The new Cathedral Works Museum (Museo dell’Opera del Duomo), Florence
Florence’s Opera del Duomo Museum will reopen its doors on October 29, ahead of Pope Francis’s scheduled visit to the city in early November 2015.
Florence Baptistery, Battistero di San Giovanni, Florence, Tuscany, Italy, Europe
The Florence Baptistery (Italian: Battistero di San Giovanni), also known as the Baptistry of Saint John, is a religious building in Florence, Italy, and has the status of a minor basilica. The octagonal baptistery stands in both the Piazza del Duomo and the Piazza di San Giovanni, across from Florence Cathedral and the Campanile di Giotto.
The Florence Baptistery is one of the oldest buildings in the city, constructed between 1059 and 1128 in the Florentine Romanesque style. Although the Florentine style did not spread across Italy as widely as the Pisan Romanesque or Lombard styles, its influence was decisive for the subsequent development of architecture, as it formed the basis from which Francesco Talenti, Leon Battista Alberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, and the other architects created Renaissance architecture. In the case of the Florentine Romanesque, one can speak of proto-renaissance, but at the same time an extreme survival of the late antique architectural tradition in Italy, as in the cases of the Basilica of San Salvatore in Spoleto, the Temple of Clitumnus, the church of Sant'Alessandro in Lucca. The Baptistry is renowned for its three sets of artistically important bronze doors with relief sculptures. The south doors were done by Andrea Pisano and the north and east doors by Lorenzo Ghiberti. The east doors were dubbed by Michelangelo the Gates of Paradise. The Italian poet Dante Alighieri and many other notable Renaissance figures, including members of the Medici family, were baptized in this baptistry. In fact, until the end of the nineteenth century, all Catholic Florentines were baptized here. The octagon had been a common shape for baptisteries for many centuries since early Christian times. The number eight is a symbol of regeneration in Christianity, signifying the six days of creation, the Day of Rest, and a day of re-creation through the Sacrament of Baptism. Other early examples are the Lateran Baptistry (440) that provided a model for others throughout Italy, the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus (527-536) in Constantinople and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna (548). The earlier baptistry was the city's second basilica after San Lorenzo, outside the northern city wall, and predates the church Santa Reparata. It was first recorded as such on 4 March 897, when the Count Palatine and envoy of the Holy Roman Emperor sat there to administer justice. The granite pilasters were probably taken from the Roman forum sited at the location of the present Piazza della Repubblica. At that time, the baptistry was surrounded by a cemetery with Roman sarcophagi, used by important Florentine families as tombs (now in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo). The Baptistry has eight equal sides with a rectangular addition on the west side. The sides, originally constructed in sandstone, are clad in geometrically patterned colored marble, white Carrara marble with green Prato marble inlay, reworked in Romanesque style between 1059 and 1128. The pilasters on each corner, originally in grey stone, were decorated with white and dark green marble in a zebra-like pattern by Arnolfo di Cambio in 1293. The style of this church would serve as a prototype, influencing many architects, such as Leone Battista Alberti, in their design of Romanesque churches in Tuscany. The exterior is also ornamented with a number of artistically significant statues by Andrea Sansovino (above the Gates of Paradise), Giovan Francesco Rustici, Vincenzo Danti (above the south doors) and others. The design work on the sides is arranged in groupings of three, starting with three distinct horizontal sections. The middle section features three blind arches on each side, each arch containing a window. These have alternate pointed and semicircular tympani. Below each window is a stylized arch design. In the upper fascia, there are also three small windows, each one in the center block of a three-panel design.
The apse was originally semicircular, but was it was made rectangular in 1202. As recommended by Giotto, Andrea Pisano was awarded the commission to design the first set of doors in 1329. The south doors were originally installed on the east side, facing the Duomo, and were transferred to their present location in 1452. The bronze-casting and gilding was done by the Venetian Leonardo d'Avanzano, widely recognized as one of the best bronze smiths in Europe. This took six years, the doors being completed in 1336. These proto-Renaissance doors consist of 28 quatrefoil panels, with the twenty top panels depicting scenes from the life of St. John the Baptist. The eight lower panels depict the eight virtues of hope, faith, charity, humility, fortitude, temperance, justice and prudence. The moulded reliefs in the doorcase were added by Lorenzo Ghiberti in 1452.
Michelangelo' Pietà in the New Duomo museum in Florence
Firenze - Basilica di Santa Croce
La Basilica di Santa Croce, nell'omonima piazza a Firenze, è una delle più grandi chiese officiate dai francescani e una delle massime realizzazioni del gotico in Italia. È nota come Tempio dell'Itale glorie per le numerose sepolture di sommi artisti, letterati e scienziati che racchiude. La definizione risale al carme Dei Sepolcri di Ugo Foscolo in un passo in cui l'autore definisce Firenze:
« ma più beata che in un tempio accolte
serbi l'itale glorie, »
(Ugo Foscolo Dei Sepolcri, vv.180 e segg.)
Nonostante sia una chiesa cattolica, vi sono anche sepolture di persone non credenti, come lo stesso Foscolo. La prima personalità qui inumata fu Leonardo Bruni, mentre l'ultima persona sepolta effettivamente in Santa Croce fu Giovanni Gentile nel 1944, ma nel dopoguerra verranno apposte delle targhe commemorative, come quella per Enrico Fermi, la cui tomba si trova negli Stati Uniti dove morì nel 1954.
Santa Croce è un simbolo prestigioso di Firenze, il luogo di incontro dei più grandi artisti, teologi, religiosi, letterati, umanisti e politici, che determinarono, nella buona e cattiva sorte, l'identità della città tardo-medievale e rinascimentale. Al suo interno trovarono inoltre ospitalità celebri personaggi della storia della Chiesa come san Bonaventura, Pietro di Giovanni Olivi, sant'Antonio da Padova, san Bernardino da Siena, san Ludovico d'Angiò. Fu anche luogo d'accoglienza per pontefici come Sisto IV, Eugenio IV, Leone X, Clemente XIV. Ha il rango di Basilica minore.
Museums Of Florence
Galleria dell Accademia, Opera del Duomo, Uffizi
Firenze - Museo Nazionale del Bargello - Museum of the Bargello in Florence
Il Museo Nazionale del Bargello è un museo di Firenze, dedicato alla scultura.
La sua collezione di statue rinascimentali è considerata tra le più notevoli a livello mondiale , annovera infatti capolavori di Michelangelo, Donatello, Ghiberti, Cellini, Giambologna, Ammannati ed altri importanti scultori, oltre a una grande raccolta di arti applicate, organizzate principalmente per tipologia. Il nome deriva dal palazzo del Bargello, detto anche palazzo del Popolo.