More of Portugal, Douro with Port Wine Day
Been on the roads of Porto and Douro, Portugal in September 2018
Tasting all the Vintage Port 2016 and celebration of vintage declaration with Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto:
Restaurant O Gaveto - best seafood restaurant in Porto:
A visit to Churchill's:
Stayed in the Douro at Quinta da Aveleira:
Enjoyed the Rabelo Boat Regatta, for the first time in the region of Douro. I was on Distinto – The Fladgate Partnership:
MUSIC: Keep Walking - Rodrigo Vicente
#portwineday #douro #winetourism #portugal
Making Port Wine in Portugal's Douro Valley
Jamie Goode and Treve Ring head to Portugal's spectacular Douro Valley to see Port being made. They begin driving through the vineyards, then look at the harvested grapes being brought into the vineyard. Then they witness foot-treading, which is still used for making the best quality Port wines. Finally, they head to Porto to see the cellars where the wine is matured, in Vila Nova de Gaia, and taste the wines.
Portugal's famed Port wine sector fares well despite economic downturn
(16 Feb 2011)
1. Wide Porto old town and the Douro River
2. Wide pan from river to port barges
3. Close-up of port barrels on barges
4. Wide of Calem port cellar tasting room
5. Close-up of glasses of port
6. Mid tourists drinking glasses of port
7. SOUNDBITE (Galician): Ignacio Franco, Finance Manager, Sogevinus (wine company):
2010 was very interesting. The activity of our company went very well. We had growth both in export and domestic sales. Our activity in port wine and Douro wine increased. And in the tourist (sector) we saw an increase in visits to these, the most visited cellars in the world. We went from 150-thousand tourists to almost 170-thousand visits a year.
8. Wide of wood vats in the Calem cellar
SOUNDBITE (Galician): Ignacio Franco, Finance Manager, Sogevinus (wine company):
We are seeing that also the United States and Canada are markets that are demanding more of our products, which is also the case of Nordic countries. This has been a very cold winter in the north of Europe and this has seen an increase in the consumption of our wines in Nordic countries. Russia has seen important growth. With Brazil, which has strong ties to Portugal, there has been strong growth.
9. Close-up of exterior sign at the Institute of Porto and Douro Wines
10. Tilt from a map of the Douro river to the President of the Institute Luciano Pereira
11. SOUNDBITE: (Portuguese) Luciano Pereira, President of the Institute of Porto and Douro Wines:
You have to look at the crisis and understand it as something that causes change in the economy at a certain point in time. So if we know how to look at it and find the windows of opportunity, we can make this crisis not a problem, but a crisis for growth.
12. Close-up of port being poured into a glass
STORYLINE:
Portugal will release one (b) billion Euros (1.35 (b) US dollars) in Treasury bonds on Wednesday as part of attempts to shake off its credit crisis, but while the economic outlook is bleak, there is one sector of the Portuguese economy that continues to grow.
In the northern Portuguese city of Porto, its alcoholic namesake and most famous export is experiencing more demand than ever before.
Since the 17th century the export of port wine has been an intrinsic part of the region's economy.
Producers such as Sogevinus, a holding of five of some of the most prominent port wine brands including Calem, are confident heading into 2011.
Sogevinus Finance Manager, Ignacio Franco, says 170-thousand tourists visited the company's Porto cellars in 2010, up 20-thousand on the previous year.
The activity of our company went very well. We had growth both in export and domestic sales. Our activity in port wine and Douro wine increased, he said on Tuesday.
Franco added that Sogevinus increased sales last year in Nordic countries, the United States, Canada, Russia and Brazil.
2010 total bottled sales from across the region were more than 368 (m) million Euros, up 5.3 percent from 2009, according to the Institute of Porto and Douro Wines.
The Institute's President Lucian Pereira is upbeat about the future.
You have to look at the crisis and understand it as something that causes change in the economy at a certain point in time. So if we know how to look at it and find the windows of opportunity, we can make this crisis not a problem, but a crisis for growth, he said.
Debt-stressed Portugal is scrambling to avoid a bailout like the ones provided last year to fellow eurozone countries Greece and Ireland, and the government introduced additional debt-reduction measures on 1 January.
The Bank of Portugal predicts the extra pay cuts and tax hikes will bring a recession in 2011 for the second time in three years.
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Demand Truth in Labeling: Protection of Port and Douro Valley Wines
Louisa Fry of the Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e do Porto on the Seal of Guarantee
J. Portugal Ramos (English version)
Born into a family with a long history of wine production, João Portugal Ramos was awarded a degree in agronomy by the Institute of Agronomy in Lisbon . After a period of training at the National Viniculture Studies Centre in Dois Portos, in 1980 he embarked on a career as oenologist in the Alentejo region.
Benefiting from the gained knowledge, João Portugal Ramos established Consulvinus at the end of the 80's with the aim of attending to the various requests from several producers all over the country. In this way, from 1989 onwards Consulvinus extended its activity beyond the Alentejo region to Ribatejo, Península de Setúbal, Dão, Beiras, Estremadura and Douro. It also participated in the development of distinguished Portuguese wines and revitalized regions that were sinking to oblivion by wine-lovers and consumers.
The successes achieved and prizes won by these wines throughout his career have brought him national and international acclaim as one of the main figures responsible for the development of Portuguese wines during the last ten years.
In 1990 João Portugal Ramos started his personal project by planting the first 5 hectares of vineyards in Estremoz, where he lives since 1988.
A consequence of the rules regarding investments in vineyards was the problem of transforming grapes. In a region with high potential for producing quality wines as Borba, he decided to present a project with the aim of transforming his own grapes, as well as grapes originating from rented vineyards and grapes bought in the scope of long-term agreements.
In these agreements, the technical management of vineyards, from planting to phytosanitary treatments and choosing the date of harvest, is under the responsibility of the viticultural department.
The first harvest dates from 1992 and in the following years the wine was produced in rented buildings. In 1997 vinification took place in the new estate for the first time.
The construction of the winery in Estremoz, on Monte da Caldeira, began in 1997. The winery was enlarged in 2000, and nowadays comprises 9.000 square meters (vineyards not included), having a modern vinification technology, a bottling area and cellars with approximately 2000 French, American and Portuguese oak barrels used for ageing the wines. At the winery on Monte da Caldeira the modern is harmoniously combined with the best Portuguese wine-growing tradition, and part of the grapes for more sophisticated wines are still foot trodden.
This was the location chosen by João Portugal Ramos to make his own wines after a long career as consultant oenologist in wine creation in the main wine-growing regions of Portugal.
Esporão Presents: The Wine Wines of Portugal and Esporão
Chief Winemaker David Baverstock and Joe Roberts (1WineDude) discuss the white wines of Portugal and Esporão. This webcast originally broadcast October 22, 2012.
Dom Luís I Bridge, Porto, Norte, Portugal, Europe
The Dom Luís I Bridge is a double-decked metal arch bridge that spans the Douro River between the cities of Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia in Portugal. At the time of construction its span of 172 m was the longest of its type in the world. The government held a competition for the construction of a metallic bridge over the Douro River on a site that was adjacent to an existing bridge that it would replace. Théophile Seyrig had engineered the D. Maria Pia Bridge project nearby, whilst working as a partner of Gustave Eiffel. He now took sole responsibility for the new, major Luís I Bridge. The construction was begun in 1881 and the bridge opened on 31 October 1886 (the upper deck; the lower deck opened in 1887). Originally and for more than a century, the bridge carried road traffic on both decks. Along with other vehicles, electric trams crossed the upper deck from 1908 until May 1959, and trolleybuses crossed both decks from May 1959 until 1993. In 2003, the top deck was closed to private motor traffic and since that time the top deck has been occupied by Line D of the Metro do Porto light rail system (which opened in 2005) and a pedestrian walkway, offering great views on the historic center of Porto, the Port wine caves of Vila Nova de Gaia and the river Douro. In 1982, the bridge was designated a cultural heritage Property of Public Interest (Imóvel de Interesse Público) by IGESPAR, the Institute for the Management of Architectural and Archaeological Heritage, a national agency. The bridge often is confused with the nearby Maria Pia Bridge, a railway bridge built nine years earlier and located a kilometre to the east. However, although they bear a strong resemblance to one another, the earlier bridge has only one deck.
RTP Network- Portuguese Food and Wine Festival- Luis Geraldes Artist Mural Inauguration interview
Porto | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Porto
00:01:59 1 History
00:02:07 1.1 Early history
00:04:42 1.2 18th century
00:06:06 1.3 19th century
00:09:19 1.4 20th century
00:10:12 2 Geography
00:12:09 2.1 Climate
00:14:01 3 Politics and government
00:14:15 3.1 Local election results 1976-2017
00:14:27 4 Economy
00:18:20 5 Transport
00:18:29 5.1 Roads and bridges
00:20:18 5.2 Cruising
00:20:34 5.3 Airports
00:21:08 5.4 Public transport
00:21:17 5.4.1 Railways
00:22:20 5.4.2 Light rail
00:23:26 5.4.3 Buses
00:24:05 5.4.4 Trams
00:24:51 5.4.5 Porto Public Transportation Statistics
00:25:36 6 Culture
00:27:56 6.1 Entertainment
00:29:19 6.2 Arts
00:29:45 6.3 Architecture
00:30:25 6.4 Gastronomy
00:31:17 7 Tourism
00:31:42 8 Education
00:33:44 9 Public health
00:34:54 10 Sport
00:35:59 10.1 Football
00:38:07 10.2 Basketball
00:38:33 11 International relations
00:38:43 11.1 Twin towns — sister cities
00:38:55 12 Notable citizens
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Porto (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpoɾtu]; also known as Oporto in English) is the second-largest city in Portugal after Lisbon and one of the major urban areas of the Iberian Peninsula. The city proper has a population of 237,591 and the metropolitan area of Porto, which extends beyond the administrative limits of the city, has a population of 1.9 million (2011) in an area of 2,395 km2 (925 sq mi), making it the second-largest urban area in Portugal. It is recognized as a gamma level global city by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group, the only Portuguese city besides Lisbon to be recognised as a global city.
Located along the Douro river estuary in Northern Portugal, Porto is one of the oldest European centres, and its historical core was proclaimed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996. The western part of its urban area extends to the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean. Its settlement dates back many centuries, when it was an outpost of the Roman Empire. Its combined Celtic-Latin name, Portus Cale, has been referred to as the origin of the name Portugal, based on transliteration and oral evolution from Latin. In Portuguese, the name of the city is spelled with a definite article o Porto; Consequently, its English name evolved from a misinterpretation of the oral pronunciation and referred to as Oporto in modern literature and by many speakers.
One of Portugal's internationally famous exports, port wine, is named after Porto, since the metropolitan area, and in particular the cellars of Vila Nova de Gaia, were responsible for the packaging, transport, and export of fortified wine. In 2014 and 2017, Porto was elected The Best European Destination by the Best European Destinations Agency. Porto is on the Portuguese Way path of the Camino de Santiago.
Porto
Porto (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpoɾtu]) (occasionally also known as Oporto in English) is the second-largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon, and one of the major urban areas in Southern Europe and the capital of the second major great urban area in Portugal.The urban area of Porto, which extends beyond the administrative limits of the city, has a population of 1.3 million (2011) in an area of 389 km2 (150 sq mi), making it the second-largest urban area in Portugal. The Porto Metropolitan Area includes an estimated 2 million people. It is recognized as a Gamma- level global city by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group, being one of five cities on the Iberian Peninsula with global city status, (the others being Madrid, Barcelona, Lisbon and Valencia).
Located along the Douro river estuary in northern Portugal, Porto is one of the oldest European centres, and registered as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996. Its settlement dates back many centuries, when it was an outpost of the Roman Empire. Its Latin name, Portus Cale, has been referred to as the origin for the name Portugal, based on transliteration and oral evolution from Latin. In Portuguese the name of the city is spelled with a definite article as o Porto (English: the port). Consequently, its English name evolved from a misinterpretation of the oral pronunciation and referred to as Oporto in modern literature and by many speakers.
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Portugal | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Portugal
00:03:51 1 Etymology
00:05:31 2 History
00:05:40 2.1 Prehistory
00:09:19 2.2 Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia
00:12:00 2.3 Germanic kingdoms: Suebi and Visigoths
00:17:14 2.4 Islamic period and the Reconquista
00:19:40 2.5 County of Portucale
00:22:59 2.6 Afonsine era
00:25:56 2.7 Joanine era and Age of Discoveries
00:29:37 2.8 Iberian Union, Restoration and early Brigantine era
00:32:44 2.9 Pombaline era and Enlightenment
00:37:45 2.10 Napoleonic era
00:40:57 2.11 Constitutional monarchy
00:44:35 2.12 First Republic and Estado Novo
00:48:00 2.13 Carnation Revolution and European integration
00:53:19 3 Geography
00:55:24 3.1 Climate
01:00:53 3.2 Biodiversity
01:05:19 4 Government and administration
01:07:04 4.1 Presidency of the Republic
01:08:04 4.2 Government
01:09:18 4.3 Parliament
01:10:13 4.4 Law and drug policy
01:12:19 4.5 LGBT+ rights in Portugal
01:13:16 4.6 Law enforcement
01:13:50 4.7 Administrative divisions
01:15:40 4.8 Foreign relations
01:18:34 4.9 Military
01:21:31 4.10 Government finance
01:25:00 5 Economy
01:30:23 5.1 Primary sector
01:34:26 5.2 Secondary sector
01:35:32 5.3 Tertiary sector
01:38:04 5.4 Quaternary sector
01:41:34 5.5 Transport
01:45:56 5.6 Energy
01:48:05 6 Demographics
01:53:14 6.1 Urbanization
01:53:22 6.2 Metropolitan areas and Functional Urban Area (FUA)
01:53:39 6.3 Immigration
01:55:58 6.4 Religion
01:58:03 6.5 Languages
02:00:04 6.6 Education
02:03:57 6.7 Health
02:07:32 7 Culture
02:08:28 7.1 Architecture
02:09:13 7.2 Cinema
02:09:57 7.3 Literature
02:11:08 7.4 Cuisine
02:13:25 7.5 Music
02:16:45 7.6 Visual arts
02:18:10 7.7 Sport
02:22:23 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣal]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.
Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples.
Portugal as a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. Despite attempts at independence since its foundation as a county in 868, only after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128, where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother, Teresa, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Afonso styled himself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such, by neighbouring kingdoms, on the Treaty of Zamora, in 1143.In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497–98) and the European discovery of Brazil (1500).
During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, the Industrial Revolution, the Seven Years' War, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Bra ...
Portugal | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Portugal
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣal]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.
Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples.
Portugal as a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. Despite attempts at independence since its foundation as a county in 868, only after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128, where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother, Theresa of Portugal, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Henriques styled himself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such, by neighbouring kingdoms, on the Treaty of Zamora, in 1143.In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497–98) and the European discovery of Brazil (1500).
During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, the Industrial Revolution, the Seven Years' War, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil (1822), erased to an extent Portugal's prior opulence.After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established, later being superseded by the Estado Novo right-wing authoritarian regime. Democracy was restored after the Carnation Revolution in 1974, ending the Portuguese Colonial War.
Shortly after, independence was granted to almost all its overseas territories. The handover of Macau to China in 1999 marked the end of what can be considered the longest-lived colonial empire.Portugal has left a profound cultural and architectural influence across the globe, a legacy of 300 million Portuguese speakers, and many Portuguese-based creoles. A member of the United Nations and the European Union, Portugal was also one of the founding members of NATO, the eurozone, the OECD, and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.
Portugal is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy and high living standards. It is the 4th most peaceful country in the world, and its state is the 15th most stable one, maintained under a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government. Additionally, the country ranks highly in terms of democracy (10th), social progress (20th), prosperity (25th), press freedom (14th), moral freedom (3rd), LGBTI rights (7th in Europe), ease of doing business (29th) and road network (2nd).
Portugal | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Portugal
00:03:51 1 Etymology
00:05:31 2 History
00:05:40 2.1 Prehistory
00:09:19 2.2 Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia
00:12:00 2.3 Germanic kingdoms: Suebi and Visigoths
00:17:14 2.4 Islamic period and the Reconquista
00:19:40 2.5 County of Portucale
00:22:59 2.6 Afonsine era
00:25:56 2.7 Joanine era and Age of Discoveries
00:29:37 2.8 Iberian Union, Restoration and early Brigantine era
00:32:44 2.9 Pombaline era and Enlightenment
00:37:45 2.10 Napoleonic era
00:40:57 2.11 Constitutional monarchy
00:44:35 2.12 First Republic and Estado Novo
00:48:00 2.13 Carnation Revolution and European integration
00:53:19 3 Geography
00:55:24 3.1 Climate
01:00:53 3.2 Biodiversity
01:05:19 4 Government and administration
01:07:04 4.1 Presidency of the Republic
01:08:04 4.2 Government
01:09:18 4.3 Parliament
01:10:13 4.4 Law and drug policy
01:12:19 4.5 LGBT+ rights in Portugal
01:13:16 4.6 Law enforcement
01:13:50 4.7 Administrative divisions
01:15:40 4.8 Foreign relations
01:18:34 4.9 Military
01:21:31 4.10 Government finance
01:25:00 5 Economy
01:30:23 5.1 Primary sector
01:34:26 5.2 Secondary sector
01:35:32 5.3 Tertiary sector
01:38:04 5.4 Quaternary sector
01:41:34 5.5 Transport
01:45:56 5.6 Energy
01:48:05 6 Demographics
01:53:14 6.1 Urbanization
01:53:22 6.2 Metropolitan areas and Functional Urban Area (FUA)
01:53:39 6.3 Immigration
01:55:58 6.4 Religion
01:58:03 6.5 Languages
02:00:04 6.6 Education
02:03:57 6.7 Health
02:07:32 7 Culture
02:08:28 7.1 Architecture
02:09:13 7.2 Cinema
02:09:57 7.3 Literature
02:11:08 7.4 Cuisine
02:13:25 7.5 Music
02:16:45 7.6 Visual arts
02:18:10 7.7 Sport
02:22:23 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣal]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.
Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples.
Portugal as a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. Despite attempts at independence since its foundation as a county in 868, only after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128, where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother, Teresa, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Afonso styled himself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such, by neighbouring kingdoms, on the Treaty of Zamora, in 1143.In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497–98) and the European discovery of Brazil (1500).
During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, the Industrial Revolution, the Seven Years' War, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Bra ...
Portugal | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Portugal
00:03:51 1 Etymology
00:05:32 2 History
00:05:41 2.1 Prehistory
00:09:20 2.2 Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia
00:12:01 2.3 Germanic kingdoms: Suebi and Visigoths
00:17:14 2.4 Islamic period and the Reconquista
00:19:40 2.5 County of Portucale
00:22:59 2.6 Afonsine era
00:25:56 2.7 Joanine era and Age of Discoveries
00:29:38 2.8 Iberian Union, Restoration and early Brigantine era
00:32:45 2.9 Pombaline era and Enlightenment
00:37:45 2.10 Napoleonic era
00:40:58 2.11 Constitutional monarchy
00:44:36 2.12 First Republic and Estado Novo
00:48:01 2.13 Carnation Revolution and European integration
00:53:19 3 Geography
00:55:24 3.1 Climate
01:00:54 3.2 Biodiversity
01:05:20 4 Government and administration
01:07:04 4.1 Presidency of the Republic
01:08:05 4.2 Government
01:09:19 4.3 Parliament
01:10:14 4.4 Law and drug policy
01:12:20 4.5 LGBT+ rights in Portugal
01:13:17 4.6 Law enforcement
01:13:50 4.7 Administrative divisions
01:15:41 4.8 Foreign relations
01:18:35 4.9 Military
01:21:32 4.10 Government finance
01:25:01 5 Economy
01:30:24 5.1 Primary sector
01:34:26 5.2 Secondary sector
01:35:33 5.3 Tertiary sector
01:38:05 5.4 Quaternary sector
01:41:35 5.5 Transport
01:45:56 5.6 Energy
01:48:05 6 Demographics
01:53:14 6.1 Urbanization
01:53:23 6.2 Metropolitan areas and Functional Urban Area (FUA)
01:53:40 6.3 Immigration
01:55:59 6.4 Religion
01:58:04 6.5 Languages
02:00:04 6.6 Education
02:03:58 6.7 Health
02:07:32 7 Culture
02:08:28 7.1 Architecture
02:09:14 7.2 Cinema
02:09:58 7.3 Literature
02:11:09 7.4 Cuisine
02:13:25 7.5 Music
02:16:46 7.6 Visual arts
02:18:11 7.7 Sport
02:22:24 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣal]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.
Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples.
Portugal as a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. Despite attempts at independence since its foundation as a county in 868, only after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128, where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother, Theresa of Portugal, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Henriques styled himself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such, by neighbouring kingdoms, on the Treaty of Zamora, in 1143.In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497–98) and the European discovery of Brazil (1500).
During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, the Industrial Revolution, the Seven Years' War, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the ind ...