Delhi's Own Dam (Satpula)
During the second decade rule of Sultan Muhammad Shah Tughlaq, the economic conditions of the Delhi Sultanate was in distress due to very high expenses incurred on the war campaign in South India (Deccan) and also due to the Sultan establishing his southern capital at Daulatabad. Both these acts necessitated increasing taxes to enhance the treasury coffers to meet large expenses. But people were dissatisfied and distressed with these developments. Some tribal groups, such as the Chaghatai tribes, had launched raids on many places in North India and even posed serious threats to Delhi, when the Sultan was on his south Indian campaign. In the period between 1334 and 1344, repeated droughts had caused faminesthat were further compounded by the Black Plague. These two natural calamities had added to the suffering of the people in the country. Urgent solutions had to be found to remedy the distress conditions. One of the viable options planned was of building the Satpula, the seven arches bridge or gate controlled weir or dam, to tap the water resources of the local nullah (stream) on Southern Delhi Ridge feeding the Yamuna river, which could be used to bring large areas of flat land in the vicinity under controlled irrigated agriculture to grow food crops to stem the famine conditions. This solution was also thought to provide the much needed defense to the walls of the newly built city of Jahanpanah.
The Satpula across the stream was built as a gate controlled weir. The total length of the structure is 79.5 m (261 ft). It has been constructed in stone masonry. The eleven bays of the weir controlled by sluice gates cover a total length of 54.5 m (179 ft). These eleven bays consist of eleven water tunnels (sluices), each 14.6 m (48 ft) in length, 3.2 m (10 ft) in height, and 2.2–2.9 m (7–10 ft) in width. These are located at different levels, with seven main bays at the lowest level. The balance two additional bays on each bank, on the far east and west sides, are at a higher level. The control arrangements seen now are in the form of gate grooves to operate vertical slide gates. When built, wooden vertical sluice gates made of heavy boards of size 16 cm (1 ft) in thickness, 3 m (10 ft) width, and more than 3 m (10 ft) in height, were operated by a rope and pulley arrangement to control flow of water; the wooden gates have since disintegrated but the gate groves are visible in each bay. The gates of the sluices were closed as a defensive measure against possible attack in the dry season when no storage remained in the dam. Each bay of the weir has an arched opening. On both banks of the weir identical towers (defensive bastions, projecting on the south and north sides) of 5.97 m (20 ft) diameter, but with octagonalshape chambers, are built, which once functioned as madrasa (Islamic school of learning). Hence, the Satpula is also known as Madarsa. The second level sluice bays on both banks lead to arched corridors. The walls of the octagonal chambers have graceful decorations. The stream tapped by this weir, has been diverted now further east. The indication of the use of the sluices of the structure, either as a dam or for defense purposes, could be gauged from the platforms provided at the appropriate levels. Silt deposition in the storage area of the reservoir side at the southern end is also seen now.
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Good News From Delhi Tourism | Satpula Lake Complex| Good News For Delhi Tourist |#DeepakBackpacker
Satpula is a medieval structure located in a posh area of south Delhi. Satpula or seven bridge was constructed in 1343 AD by sultan Muhammad bin tughlaq of tughlaq dynasty .The wall like structure was built to harvest the low hill arid regions of Jahanpanah city. The structure was mainly built as a dam but it also provided the newly built forth city of delhi a defense wall.
History –
Year 1334 -35 proposed serious threat of rebellion against tugHlaq emperor. Sultan Muhammad bin tughlaq was on his south India war campaign which resulted in high taxes to cover the war expenses. Further droughts were also a big problem causing further misery of people. Urgent solution was needed to counter the situation and hence Satpula was constructed to counter this situation.
Satpula is located on the west side of Jahanpanah city . Dam was built to tap the rain water, stream aiding Yamuna, water from Aravali hills and control it as required. The water was then drained in a catchment area known as barapulla nala to maintain continuous supply of water to both crops and population of the city.
Need of having Satpula—
Irrigation –
City of Jahapanha was located on arid areas near low hills of aravli range. Being located on eastern side of thar desert water resources were very limited for jahapanha city . Proper network of water was needed to ensure continuous water supply across the city. Yamuna river and rain water was only resources available to cater to the city’s need. To tap rain water from aravlli hills and water of Yamuna Satpula was constructed
Defense –
Satpula was not only used as irrigation system but being a part of Jahanpanah wall it was of strategic importance too. Satpula was located on western defense wall of jahanpanaha city making it a crucial place of defense. Satpula have pavilion on its both ends used as weaponry storage. The second level sluice bays on both banks lead to arched corridors having small openings which were used by archers of defending the city from attacking forces . The gates of the sluices were closed as a defensive measure against possible attack in the dry season when no storage remained in the dam.
Working of dams-
The Satpula across the stream was built as a gate controlled weir. The total length of the structure is 79.5 m (261 ft). It has been constructed in stone masonry. The eleven bays of the weir controlled by sluice gates cover a total length of 54.5 m. These eleven bays consist of eleven water tunnels . These are located at different levels, with seven main bays at the lowest level. The balance two additional bays on each bank, on the far east and west sides, are at a higher level. The control arrangements seen now are in the form of gate grooves to operate vertical slide gates. When built, wooden vertical sluice gates made of heavy boards were operated by a rope and pulley arrangement to control flow of water; the wooden gates have since disintegrated but the gate groves are visible in each bay. The water was then drained in a catchment area known as barapulla nala to maintain continuous supply of water to both crops and population of the city.
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A Visit to Satpula Bridge
Satpula Dam - Khirki Masjid and Satpula Part 4of4
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Water dam for supply in Delhi city
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satpula complex||best park in saket
The video will show the coolness of satpula park, it is in South Delhi, Saket. 800 meters east of Khirki Majid.
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Satpula is a remarkable ancient water harvesting dam or weir
located about 800 m (2,625 ft) east of the Khirki Masjid that is integral to the compound wall of the medieval fourth city of the Jahanpanah in Delhi, with its construction credited to the reign of Sultan Muhammad Shah Tughlaq (Muhammad bin Tughluq) (1325–1351) of the Tughlaq Dynasty
Khirki Masjid, Saket, New Delhi
Across the road from select city and metropolitan mall in Saket is the Khirki Masjid or the Qila as the locals explain. It was built by Khan-i-Jahan Maqbul Tilangani, the Prime Minister of Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1351--1388) of the Tughlaq Dynasty.
The word 'Khirki' prefixed to masjid is an Urdu word that means window and hence is also called The Masjid of Windows.
The Masjid, which is in a quadrangular shape, was built as a fortress with an unusual fusion of Islamic and traditional Hindu architecture. It is said to be the only mosque in North India, which is mostly covered.
The background score has been sung by Mohit Chauhan, composer is Pritaam from the from the movie New York.
You reach the mosque by getting off at Malviya nagar metro station. exit from gate no 3. take an auto or walk to the select city mall. Walk a little further to the bus stop across the road from the mall. behind the bus stop a little further down is a mandir. The mosque is about 10-20 meters behind the mandir. If you have to ask, ask for the Qila and not the mosques as then you would totally get lost.
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Khirki Masjid, Saket, New Delhi
Across the road from select city and metropolitan mall in Saket is the Khirki Masjid or the Qila as the locals explain. It was built by Khan-i-Jahan Maqbul Tilangani, the Prime Minister of Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1351--1388) of the Tughlaq Dynasty.
The word 'Khirki' prefixed to masjid is an Urdu word that means window and hence is also called The Masjid of Windows.
The Masjid, which is in a quadrangular shape, was built as a fortress with an unusual fusion of Islamic and traditional Hindu architecture. It is said to be the only mosque in North India, which is mostly covered.
The background score has been sung by Mohit Chauhan, composer is Pritaam from the from the movie New York.
You reach the mosque by getting off at Malviya nagar metro station. exit from gate no 3. take an auto or walk to the select city mall. Walk a little further to the bus stop across the road from the mall. behind the bus stop a little further down is a mandir. The mosque is about 10-20 meters behind the mandir. If you have to ask, ask for the Qila and not the mosques as then you would totally get lost.
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Khirki Masjid and Satpula - Part 3of4
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लोधी वंश के बीते इतिहास की यात्रा हमें शक्तिशाली मुगल साम्राज्य के काल से पहले समय में ले जाती है जिसका एक नमूना है दिल्ली का ‘जमाली कमाली मस्जिद’। “जमाली” एक उर्दू शब्द है जिसका अर्थ होता “सुंदरता”। जमाली उर्फ शेख़ फ़ेज़लुल्लाह एक महान सूफ़ी संत और कवि थे।
वे अपनी एक यात्रा में दिल्ली आए और वहाँ लोधी साम्राज्य के संरक्षण में उनके राज कवि बनकर रह गये। कमाली के विषय में अधिक जानकारी नहीं है, किंतु माना जाता है कि वह जमाली के कोई निकट संबंधी थे।
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Delhi, in 14th Century was actually a set of 4 prime cities named Qila Rai Pithora, Tughlaqabad, Jahanpanah and Siri. Built in 1323, Satpula, or the Bridge of Seven Openings (Pul) was a magnificent piece of Tughlaq architecture, which was connecting these principal cities. It was a remarkable ancient water harvesting dam. The objective of building the weir was for providing water for irrigation and also, as a part of the city wall, to provide defense security to the city against attacking armies..
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Young India Speaks: Tuhina Singh from Tagore International School, Vasant Vihar
Tuhina Singh from Tagore International School, Vasant Vihar ia talking about Satpula a ancient water harvesting dam during an event organised by INTACH.
Satpula is a remarkable ancient water harvesting dam or weir located about 800 m (2,625 ft) east of the Khirki Masjid that is integral to the compound wall of the medieval fourth city of the Jahanpanah in Delhi, with its construction credited to the reign of Sultan Muhammad Shah Tughlaq (Muhammad bin Tughluq) (1325--1351) of the Tughlaq Dynasty.
The objective of building the weir was for providing water for irrigation and also, as a part of the city wall, to provide defense security to the city against attacking armies.
Satpula is a usage in Urdu and Hindi languages, which literally means seven bridges
During the second decade rule of Sultan Muhammad Shah Tughlaq, the economic conditions of the Delhi Sultanate was in distress due to very high expenses incurred on the war campaign in South India (Deccan) and also due to the Sultan establishing his southern capital at Daulatabad. Both these acts necessitated increasing taxes to enhance the treasury coffers to meet large expenses. But people were dissatisfied and distressed with these developments. Some tribal groups, such as the Chaghatai tribes, had rebelled, launched raids on many places in North India and even posed serious threats to Delhi, when the Sultan was on his south Indian campaign. In the period between 1334 and 1344, repeated droughts had caused famines that were further compounded by the Black Plague. These two natural calamities had added to the suffering of the people in the country. Urgent solutions had to be found to remedy the distress conditions. One of the viable options planned was of building the Satpula, the seven arches bridge or gate controlled weir/dam, to tap the water resources of the local nallah (stream) feeding the Yamuna river, which could be used to bring large areas of flat land in the vicinity under controlled irrigated agriculture to grow food crops to stem the famine conditions. This solution was also thought to provide the much needed defense to the walls of the newly built city of Jahanpanah.
Satpula is located about 800 m (2,625 ft) east of Khirki Masjid. It is close to the present city suburb of Saket on the Press Enclave Road. In the medieval period, it connected four principal cities namely, the Qila Rai Pithora (the first city of Delhi -- Lal Kot or Qutub complex), Siri (with the Siri Fort forming the second city of Delhi), Tughlaqabad (the third city of Delhi) and Jahanpanah (the fourth city of Delhi, the boundary limits of which encompassed the other earlier built three cities). It is locally believed that the waters stored by the weir had healing powers because the sufi saint Nasiru'd-Din Mahmud is reported to have used the waters of this reservoir for daily oblations before offering prayers at the Mosque.
The Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) is India's largest non-profit membership organization dedicated to conservation and preservation of India's natural, cultural, living, tangible and intangible heritage. Its mission is to:
Sensitize the public about the pluralistic cultural legacy of India; Instill a sense of social responsibility towards preserving our common heritage; Protect and conserve our living, built, and natural heritage by undertaking necessary actions and measures; Document unprotected buildings of archaeological, architectural, historical and aesthetic significance; and cultural resources, as this is the first step towards formulating conservation plans; Develop heritage policy and regulations, and make legal interventions to protect our heritage when necessary; Provide expertise in the field of conservation, restoration and preservation of specific works of art; and encourage capacity building by developing skills through training programs; Undertake emergency response measures during natural or man-made disasters, and support local administration whenever heritage is threatened; Foster collaborations, Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) and partnerships with government and other national and international agencies; and generate sponsorships for conservation and educational projects.
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