Female warrior was buried with legs wide apart in the 'riding position' 2,400 years ago
An extraordinary 2,400-year-old #female #warrior was #buried in the 'riding position' as she journeyed to the afterlife.
The burial site was discovered at the Devitsa V ancient necropolis in Russia's Voronezh region.
The horsewoman, aged between 20 and 35, had her tendons cut after death to allow her legs to be apart as if on a horse, say Russian archaeologists.
Two spears and a giant bronze hand mirror the size of a frying pan were buried near her and she wore a bracelet of precious glass beads round her wrist.
There were also two vessels - an incense burner and a black-lacquered one-handed goblet - by her feet.
Three other Amazon warriors were also found alongside her in what has since been deemed 'a unique discovery'.
All four females died and were buried at the same time but scientists cannot yet work out why.
One was a matriarch aged between 45 and 50 who was buried wearing her decorative Scythian ceremonial headdress known as a kalaf with amphora-shaped pendants.
It was made of an alloy comprising gold, silver, copper and a small amount of iron.
Next to the older woman's head was an iron knife wrapped in a piece of cloth and a rare type of iron arrow-head with a forked end.
The tombs were partly plundered between 100 and 200 years after the mound was made which damaged two of the graves.
Multiple weaponry in the burials makes clear these females were legendary Amazon warriors, according to the researchers.
Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records | Wikipedia audio article
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Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records
00:01:07 1 Early East Slavs
00:07:36 2 Kievan Rus'
00:07:45 2.1 10th century
00:11:15 2.2 11th century
00:15:10 2.3 12th century
00:17:34 2.4 13th century
00:19:22 3 Grand Duchy of Moscow
00:19:31 3.1 14th century
00:22:30 3.2 15th century
00:27:48 3.3 Early 16th century
00:29:36 4 Tsardom of Russia
00:29:45 4.1 Late 16th century
00:34:44 4.2 17th century
00:42:50 4.3 Early 18th century
00:45:24 5 Russian Empire
00:45:33 5.1 1720s
00:46:22 5.2 1730s
00:49:21 5.3 1740s
00:49:35 5.4 1750s
00:50:04 5.5 1760s
00:50:36 5.6 1770s
00:52:21 5.7 1780s
00:52:35 5.8 1790s
00:53:44 5.9 19th century
00:54:20 5.10 1810s
00:54:44 5.11 1820s
00:55:27 5.12 1830s
00:56:17 5.13 1840s
00:56:36 5.14 1850s
00:58:51 5.15 1860s
01:00:01 5.16 1870s
01:02:51 5.17 1880s
01:05:35 5.18 1890s
01:07:46 5.19 20th century
01:10:02 5.20 1910s
01:12:47 6 Soviet Union
01:12:56 6.1 Late 1910s
01:13:50 6.2 1920s
01:16:14 6.3 1930s
01:23:47 6.4 1940s
01:27:01 6.5 1950s
01:32:10 6.6 1960s
01:36:56 6.7 1970s
01:40:20 6.8 1980s
01:42:35 6.9 Early 1990s
01:43:54 7 Russian Federation
01:44:04 7.1 1990s
01:45:57 7.2 2000s
01:48:09 7.3 2010s
01:48:52 8 See also
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Timeline of Russian Innovation encompasses key events in the history of technology in Russia, starting from the Early East Slavs and up to the Russian Federation.
The entries in this timeline fall into the following categories:
Indigenous inventions, like airliners, AC transformers, radio receivers, television, artificial satellites, ICBMs
Products and objects that are uniquely Russian, like Saint Basil's Cathedral, Matryoshka dolls, Russian vodka
Products and objects with superlative characteristics, like the Tsar Bomba, the AK-47, and Typhoon class submarine
Scientific and medical discoveries, like the periodic law, vitamins and stem cellsThis timeline examines scientific and medical discoveries, products and technologies introduced by various peoples of Russia and its predecessor states, regardless of ethnicity, and also lists inventions by naturalized immigrant citizens. Certain innovations achieved by a national operation may also may be included in this timeline, in cases where the Russian side played a major role in such projects.
Russian scientists | Wikipedia audio article
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00:00:01 1 Polymaths
00:06:03 2 Earth scientists
00:12:02 3 Biologists and paleontologists
00:22:10 4 Physicians and psychologists
00:29:18 5 Economists and sociologists
00:31:49 6 Historians and archeologists
00:43:43 7 Linguists and ethnographers
00:53:09 8 Mathematicians
01:07:46 9 Astronomers and cosmologists
01:14:41 10 Physicists
01:28:08 11 Chemists and material scientists
01:35:49 12 Structural engineers
01:37:46 13 Aerospace engineers
01:46:24 14 Naval engineers
01:48:53 15 Electrical engineers
01:51:11 16 Computer scientists
01:53:43 17 See also
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List of Russian scientists | Wikipedia audio article
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List of Russian scientists
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Battle of Stalingrad | Wikipedia audio article
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Battle of Stalingrad
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943) was the largest confrontation of World War II, in which Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia.
Marked by fierce close quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, it was the largest (nearly 2.2 million personnel) and bloodiest (1.8–2 million killed, wounded or captured) battle in the history of warfare. After their defeat at Stalingrad, the German High Command had to withdraw vast military forces from the Western Front to replace their losses.The German offensive to capture Stalingrad began in August 1942, using the 6th Army and elements of the 4th Panzer Army. The attack was supported by intensive Luftwaffe bombing that reduced much of the city to rubble. The fighting degenerated into house-to-house fighting; both sides poured reinforcements into the city. By mid-November 1942, the Germans had pushed the Soviet defenders back at great cost into narrow zones along the west bank of the Volga River.
On 19 November 1942, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged attack targeting the weaker Romanian and Hungarian armies protecting the German 6th Army's flanks. The Axis forces on the flanks were overrun and the 6th Army was cut off and surrounded in the Stalingrad area. Adolf Hitler ordered that the army stay in Stalingrad and make no attempt to break out; instead, attempts were made to supply the army by air and to break the encirclement from the outside. Heavy fighting continued for another two months. By the beginning of February 1943, the Axis forces in Stalingrad had exhausted their ammunition and food. The remaining units of the 6th Army surrendered. The battle lasted five months, one week and three days.