Northwest Territory | Wikipedia audio article
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Northwest Territory
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The Northwest Territory in the United States (also known as the Old Northwest) was formed after the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), and was known formally as the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio. It encompassed most of the pre-war British colonial territory north of the Ohio River of the Ohio Country, parts of Illinois Country, and parts of old French Canada (New France) below the Great Lakes. (These had been under French royal claims before 1763.) It was an organized incorporated territory of the United States spanning most or large parts of six eventual U.S. States. It existed legally from July 13, 1787, until March 1, 1803, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Ohio, and the remainder was reorganized by additional legislative actions.
In the 18th century, Great Britain and France disputed for control of this region. The French had claimed it in the 17th century as part of New France. The competition between these empires resulted in the Seven Years' War in Europe. In North America, the war front was known as the French and Indian War. After Britain gained control following its defeat of France in 1763, it attempted to reserve much of this territory for use by Native Americans, under the Royal Proclamation of 1763, and for a new colony, the British Province of Quebec. This aroused resentment among the British colonists of the Thirteen Colonies, who were already seeking to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.
The region was assigned to the United States in the Treaty of Paris of 1783, but sporadic westward emigrant settlements had already resumed late in the war after the Iroquois Confederacy's power was broken and the tribes scattered by the 1779 Sullivan Expedition. Soon after the Revolution ended, land-hungry migrants started moving west. A gateway trading post developed as the town of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, which was a key outfitting center west of the mountains. Other wagon roads, such as the Kittanning Path surmounting the gaps of the Allegheny in central Pennsylvania, or trails along the Mohawk River in New York, enabled a steady stream of settlers to reach the near west and the lands bordering the Mississippi. This activity stimulated the development of the eastern parts of the eventual National Road by private investors. The Cumberland–Brownsville toll road linked the water routes of the Potomac River with the Monongahela River of the Ohio/Mississippi riverine systems in the days when water travel was the only good alternative to walking and riding. Most of the territory and its successors was settled by emigrants passing through the Cumberland Narrows, or along the Mohawk Valley in New York State.
The Congress of the Confederation enacted the Northwest Ordinance in 1787 to provide for the administration of the territories and set rules for admission of jurisdictions as states. On August 7, 1789, the new U.S. Congress affirmed the Ordinance with slight modifications under the Constitution. The territory included all the land of the United States west of Pennsylvania and northwest of the Ohio River. It covered all of the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, as well as the northeastern part of Minnesota. The area covered more than 260,000 square miles (670,000 km2).
Welbon Whitmire - African Americans in Europe: London, Copenhagen, and Paris
African Americans have been traveling to and living in Europe since and before the end of slavery, right up to the present; perhaps most famously noted in the writing of James Baldwin. Join us for a discussion of some of the varied aspects of the long and wonderfully complex story.
Classic earthmovers: LeTourneau's Model C Tournatractor
The Model C Tournatractor: an overview by Richard Campbell
Robert LeTourneau came up with the idea of the Tournatractor in 1946.
We examined one of the smaller Australian-produced versions of the Tournatractor, the LW12, in the September 2010 issue of Contractor, but the Model C was the grandaddy of them all!
LeTourneau was constantly thinking of ways to improve the earthmoving cycle, to speed up production, and to lower costs per yard.
Following his success with the Tournapull, the world’s first self-propelled scraper, LeTourneau began experimenting with rubber-tyred dozers to keep up with these new high speed haul units.
Conventional track type tractors of the period were good for about 7 miles per hour top speed but the rubber-tyred bulldozer offered speeds of up to 15 miles per hour.
It also meant that they could be better utilised on a jobsite, quickly travelling to where they were needed.
If public roads separated the jobs then it was no problem for the Tournadozer to travel there under its own power.
Of course there is no perfect tractor and the Tournadozer was not suitable for all jobs, particularly those where flotation was a problem.
However, one of the trickier underfoot conditions that the machine handled well was sand, and sand was a material that wore conventional tracks out very fast.
The first production Model C Tournadozer was introduced in 1947 and development of the type was continuous from then on until the machine was discontinued around 1972.
LeTourneau sold quite a lot of C Tournatractors to the military who saw the obvious mobility potential of the machine, and export orders were particularly strong, especially to India, North Africa and South America.
Westinghouse Air Brake bought out LeTourneau in 1953 and the Model C was carried over in production as the LeTourneau-Westinghouse Model C Tournatractor
The final version of the machine was the Model CH Tournatractor that featured a hydraulically operated blade – something Mr LeTourneau would have shuddered at as he had a known dislike for hydraulic systems.
It was not too long after the Tournatractor appeared that other manufacturers of earthmoving equipment began to develop their own rubber-tyred bulldozers, notably International-Hough, Michigan, M-R-S and Caterpillar.
The Model C Tournatractor Described
The design of the Tournatractor was simplicity itself.
The entire chassis was a rectangular welded metal tub into (or onto) which all the necessary components were inserted or attached.
The underside of the ‘tub’ was completely smooth, and therefore safe from rocks and other projections.
The primary powerplant was a 186 horsepower GM Detroit Diesel 6-71 six-cylinder diesel, although a Cummins HBIS600 or Buda 6-DC844 diesel could be substituted at the customer’s request.
A LeTourneau designed and built 4-speed ‘Tournamatic’ powershift transmission with torque converter was bolted directly to the engines’ flywheel giving the machine a top speed of approximately 17 miles per hour in top gear.
Initially this transmission gave a fair bit of trouble as it had air-operated clutch packs that were prone to leakage. This usually resulted in more than one gear being selected at once with the inevitable catastrophic consequences.
Final drives were of the bull gear and pinion type, totally encased in box section side frames that kept everything nicely in alignment
Steering was essentially similar to today’s skid-steer loaders.
LeTourneau utilised a set of multiple plate disc brakes on each wheel with a central steering clutch for gradual or spot turns. The Tournatractor was effectively able to turn in its own length.
A wide range of tyre types could be fitted to suit operational requirements.
The operator sat very close to the front of the machine and had an excellent view of the blade and work area – so good in fact that on a windy day it was always a good idea to plan your work with the wind behind you lest you end up with half a yard of dirt in your lap!
Operating controls consisted of the standard LeTourneau instrument panel with electric switches for blade and attachment functions.
Two steering levers projected from the floor plate and the transmission shift quadrant was located to the operator’s right.
LeTourneau trialled a system of switches for transmission shifting early on but quickly went to a manual system when reliability of the switches was found very wanting.
Tournatractors were manufactured in the USA and at LeTourneau’s plant in Rydalmere, NSW, Australia.
Thanks for checking out NZ Contractor magazine's Cat DW21 scraper clip.
These slideshows are made from images and captions first published in the magazine.
Author Richard Campbell also administers content on
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How to Choose Hurricane Window Protection | Ask This Old House
General contractor Tom Silva shows a homeowner several ways to protect windows during a storm. (See below for steps.)
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Steps for How to Choose Hurricane Window Protection:
1. A layer of 5/8-inch-thick plywood can protect windows from a 2x4 traveling at 34 miles per hour. An identical layer of oriented-strand board (OSB) can't.
2. Covering windows with resin-treated ballistic nylon will prevent the 2x4 from shooting into the house, but it won't keep the window from breaking.
3. Metal storm shutters are permanently mounted to the house. If struck in the right place, the shutters can bend inward and crack the window.
4. A window with impact-resistant glass will shatter when struck, but the window won't break apart or crack open.
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Homeowners have a virtual truckload of questions for us on smaller projects, and we're ready to answer. Ask This Old House solves the steady stream of home improvement problems faced by our viewers—and we make house calls! Ask This Old House features some familiar faces from This Old House, including Kevin O'Connor, general contractor Tom Silva, plumbing and heating expert Richard Trethewey, and landscape contractor Roger Cook.
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How to Choose Hurricane Window Protection | Ask This Old House
Secret Space Program (SSP) origins. Link to JFK assassination?
We look into the origins of the Secret Space Program (SSP) and its link into the assassination ofJ.F. Kennedy in a presentation by the author and researcher Peter Levenda.
In this video we dig a little deeper into the origins of the Secret Space Program with the knowledge shared to us by Peter Levenda, who is an American author who focuses on occult history. He is best known for his book Unholy Alliance, which is about Esoteric Hitlerism and Nazi occultism. You can follow him here in his presentation from 2011 in Amsterdam in which he connects many dots and explains the origins of the secret space program.
Link to the book: “Awakening Consciousness”
Link to the book “ Why The New World Order Will Fail”;
This video may contain copyrighted material. Such material is made available for educational purposes only. This constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in Title 17 U.S.C. section 107 of the US Copyright Law.
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Peter Levenda on the origins of the Secret Space Program
Top 15 Horrible Viruses With No Cure
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Narrated by: Sir Ayme (
Written by: Kyler Richman
Edited by: The Benson Brothers
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John Paul Stevens, The Bill of Rights: A Century of Progress
John Paul Stevens was Associate Justice, Supreme Court of the United States. This talk was the keynote address delivered on October 25, 1991 at the conference The Bill of Rights and the Welfare State, held at the University of Chicago Law School October 25-26, 1991. The proceedings of this conference were collected in the book The Bill of Rights in the Modern State, edited by Geoffrey R. Stone, Richard A. Epstein, and Cass R. Sunstein (University of Chicago Press, 1992). A text version of this paper may be read here. Justice Stevens was introduced by Geoffrey Stone (then Dean of the Law School) and Professor Philip Kurland.
Tips on Finding Gold in Creeks and Streams
Several tips on where to look for gold, special places for gold, and reading special features. Where to prospect, where to dredge, where to find deposits and old larger gold.
Ludovico's Technique - My Friend Jack (The Smoke Cover)
From ''Ludovico's Technique ''
Label: New Rose Records – ROSE 54
Format: Vinyl, LP, Album
Country: France
Released: Feb 1985
Tracklist
A1 Hey, Protest, Hey
A2 The, It Rains
A3 Let's Kick Tommy Again
A4 Dancing To The Problems Of The World
A5 How Does It Feel To Feel
B1 Ludovico's Technique
B2 Waiting For The Shadows
B3 My Friend Jack (Written-By – The Smoke)
B4 Punishment For Passion
B5 Rw2w
Performer [Instruments, Vocals] – Bob Casper
Performer [Vocals, Instruments] – Ken Nessing
Producer – A.C. Doback, Ludovico's Technique
Design [Sleeve Design] – Philippe Huart
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My Friend Jack is a psychedelic pop song released by the English pop group The Smoke in 1967.
It was included originally in their debut album It's Smoke Time, and It was also included (among other compilation albums) in the collection Nuggets II: Original Artyfacts from the British Empire and Beyond, 1964–1969 (Rhino, 2001).
It was credited to all four band members: Geoff Gill, Mal Luker, Zeke Lund and Mick Rowley.
The song was covered by artists as Boney M. You Am I, The Wondermints, She Made Me Do It, Obimen and Dreg Machine.
Background
My Friend Jack was the only one international hit by The Smoke. The song seems to suggest the use of psychedelic drugs (LSD) in lines such as “My Friend Jack eats sugar lumps” and travels the world inside his mind (such as “Been on a voyage, across an ocean”).
The song was pulled off the U.K. market due to the drug connotations and never succeeded in their own country.
The original content of the song was so unacceptable that My Friend Jack had to be rewritten before EMI would touch it; finally, it was released in February 1967.
The single only made it to number 45 before being banned by the BBC, limiting it to three weeks on the U.K. charts.
The first version (somewhat slower and almost entirely modified except for the chorus) featured a more obvious content related with the hallucinogenic effect and incomprehension of the others. Lines such as oh what beautiful things he sees which had to be re-recorded as Sugarman hasn't got a care.
The demo is available on some CD compilations, as Real Life Permanent Dreams. A Cornucopia Of British Psychedelia (1965-1970) (Castle Select, 2007).
In mainland Europe, however, the final version of the record sold well; the group and their song was supported after appearing on an installment of the successful German television show Beat-Club, alongside Jimi Hendrix, The Who, and Cliff Bennett & the Rebel Rousers.
Because of this fortunate circumstance, My Friend Jack ended up riding the German pop charts to the #2, and earned the Smoke a place on a tour with the Small Faces and the Beach Boys in 1967. The single charted high in Switzerland, France, and Austria as well, and suddenly there was demand for a Smoke LP in Germany, entitled later It's Smoke Time.
Musical style
The song is characterized by a march beat and mix of shimmering and crunchy reverb-laden guitar (its most notable sound). It presents an aggressive riff like the most delightfully subversive piece of freakbeat, heavily influenced by The Who's power-chord and the trippy cheerfulness, like some songs with drug references from that era.
According to Matthew Greenwald in Allmusic: “The song opens with a tremolo-laden slide guitar riff from Mal Luker, which creates a trippy, unsettling but wholly interesting hook. The main melody is a bouncy, mid-tempo slice of pop-psychedelia, filled with a buoyancy that equates this to an English version of the Turtles on psychedelic drugs. The effervescent chorus is a fabulous singalong affair, making it instantly accessible”.
Usage in media
''My Friend Jack'' was included in the documentary film John Peel's Record Box, made by Elaine Shepherd, released on 14 November 2005 on Channel 4 (British public-service television). The film was nominated for Primetime Emmy Award.
Chart Performance
Chart (1967) / Peak position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) / 6
Germany (GfK Entertainment) / 2
United Kingdom (Official Charts Company) / 45
Boney M. version
German vocal group Boney M., released “My Friend Jack” as a double A-side single (with ”I See a Boat on the River”) in 1980; the song was also included in the compilation album The Magic of Boney M. – 20 Golden Hits.
Original Smoke member Zeke Lund was by now working as a sound engineer for the record producer Frank Farian.
The initial single pressings featured a 4:56 single mix, differing with the omission of a guitar solo which was included in the subsequent 4:40 mix which was faded 10 seconds earlier on the LP version. Peaked at #6 in Norway and #57 in U.K.
2011 Summer Vacation/Ep. 40.1: Mississippi River Delta
Mississippi River Delta, areas where you can drive your car around, if you really wanna see the beauty of this place you gotta do it by boat only.
Scouting the Southwest | US Camel Corps
When the United States acquired the Southwest, it quickly became apparent that horses and mules weren't going to cut it in the desert. So the Army turned to a strange foreign animal for help.
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Thanks to Chubbyemu for reading the old-timey quotes:
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Southwest Passage (1954)
Death Valley Days - Camel Train (1957)
Hawmps! (1976)
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Fife&Drum - When Johnny Comes Marching Home
Intro/Outro and Background Music by Michael Cotten/Nomad
Intro Art and Channel Avatar by PoetheWonderCat
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Flight Review: Delta Airlines Comfort+ Columbus to LaGuardia
I flew Delta Connection Comfort+ on flight 5882 from Columbus (CMH) to LaGuardia (LGA) home from business.
The flight was operated by an Embraer E-175LR - Seat 5A.
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“As Luck Would Have It” with Kerry James Marshall
In this Rosenberger Medalist lecture, artist Kerry James
Marshall explores the motivations behind his world-
renowned work.
Marshall was awarded the Rosenberger Medal by the University of Chicago in June 2016. He delivered this lecture on May 15, 2017.
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ACCESSIBILITY: If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please email digicomm@uchicago.edu.
The Uber Economy: Steven Hill and Eduardo Porter in Conversation
Steven Hill, author of Raw Deal: How the Uber Economy and Runaway Capitalism Are Screwing American Workers, joins New York Times columnist Eduardo Porter for a timely discussion. Introduced by Janet Gornick, director of the Luxembourg Income Study Center.
Presented on October 23, 2015, by GC Public Programs and the Luxembourg Income Study Center.
Modifying Mosquitoes with CRISPR - AMNH SciCafe
CRISPR gene editing is widely used by biologists as the DNA programming tool of choice to alter the genome of organisms and even populations. By modifying the DNA of mosquitoes, we could prevent them from reproducing—potentially eradicating them completely. But is that something we should actually want to see? Join Rockefeller University professor Leslie Vosshall as she demonstrates what is—and what will be—possible.
#SciCafe #genes #CRISPR #DNA #geneediting
This lecture took place at the Museum on January 4, 2016. To learn about upcoming SciCafe events, visit amnh.org/scicafe. To listen to the full lecture, download the podcast:
The SciCafe series is proudly sponsored by Judy and Josh Weston.
SciCafe: Modifying the Mosquito with CRISPR, and related activities are generously supported by the Science Education Partnership Award (SEPA) program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
This video and all media incorporated herein (including text, images, and audio) are the property of the American Museum of Natural History or its licensors, all rights reserved. The Museum has made this video available for your personal, educational use. You may not use this video, or any part of it, for commercial purposes, nor may you reproduce, distribute, publish, prepare derivative works from, or publicly display it without the prior written consent of the Museum.
© American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY
Oskar Eustis: Theater and Democracy
Oskar Eustis has served as artistic director of The Public Theater in New York City since 2005. In the past four years, Eustis has produced two Tony Award-winning productions in the category of best musical (Fun Home and Hamilton), as well as two productions that won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama (Hamilton and Sweat). Prior to his role at The Public, Eustis enjoyed a storied career that began at the Eureka Theatre Company in San Francisco (1986–1989), where he commissioned Tony Kushner’s Angels in America, and directed its world premiere at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles. At The Public, Eustis directed the New York premieres of Rinne Groff’s Compulsion and The Ruby Sunrise; Larry Wright’s The Human Scale; Julius Caesar; Public Works Twelfth Night at Shakespeare in the Park; and Suzan-Lori Parks’ White Noise. Additionally, he has founded numerous groundbreaking programs at The Public, including Public Works, Public Forum, the Emerging Writers Group, and the Mobile Unit. Over the course of his career, Eustis has directed the world premieres of plays by Philip Kan Gotanda, David Henry Hwang, Emily Mann, Parks, Ellen McLaughlin, and Eduardo Machado, among many others.
This Penny Stamps Speaker Series event is co-presented with University Musical Society (UMS).
Mornings with Mayesh: June 2018
#MorningswithMayesh #floralbusiness #florist
During June's Mornings with Mayesh episode, Yvonne & Dave discuss the world of flowers. See a great selection of flowers that are available now and learn more about some great large blooms that are available each season. In addition, they answer some great audience questions like what are good subs for eucalyptus, providing an overview of how grading works, explaining why we stream on Facebook, how to update your category listing for Instagram to florist, and much more. Also, be sure to watch/listen to the entire show because at the end, Yvonne discusses Instagram's algorithm and what it means for you. Enjoy and don't forget to send in your questions for our next show on July 10th!
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The Central Park Five | Interview | TimesTalks
Ken Burns, co-director and author Sarah Burns, Pulitzer Prize-winning New York Times columnist Jim Dwyer, who covered the case and is interviewed in the film, and the exonerated, including Kevin Richardson, Yusef Salaam, Raymond Santana and Korey Wise -- timestalks.com. The panel engages in a conversation about the issues raised by The Central Park Five, the award-winning documentary about the horrific crime that occurred in Central Park in 1989, the rush to judgment and the lives of those wrongly convicted.
GoPro: Sema Kutuzov - Anastasia Kulaeva - Sochi, Russia - 5.15.16 - Skate
Submit your stunning, technical, or just plain fun #skateboardingisfun GoPro clips and you’ll be eligible for the $20,000 grand prize. Submit as many different clips as you like. One clip at a time please. The judges will also be selecting monthly winners to receive $1,000. (Complete rules can be found here -