Sibenik, Croatia - View From St. John Fortress
Sibenik, Croatia - View From St. John Fortress
St Michael Fortress Sibenik, Croatia
St Michael Fortress in Sibenik is in the Gothic style from the 13th Century. Its battlements and towers are well preserved and have amazing views over the Krk River and Sibenik Old Town. Background music is On the Bach by Jingle Punks.
The Fort of St. John (Šibenik)
St. John’s Fortress is located on a hill on the northern side of the historic city core. It is named after the chapel of St...
See more about this on:
Brdo, sjeverno od stare gradske jezgre Šibenika, krasi tvrđava sv. Ivana. Nazvana je po kapelici sv. Ivana koja se...
Pogledajte više na:
Eric Clark Travel Videos - Sibenik Croatia - St Michael Fortress. Mountain top Castle / Fortress
Eric Clark Travel Videos - Sibenik Croatia - St Michael Fortress. Mountain top Castle / Fortress
From Wikipedia
St. Michael's Fortress in the Croatian town of Šibenik (formerly known as St. Anne's Fortress, Croatian: Tvrđava sv. Mihovila, Venetian: Castel vecchio) is a medieval fort situated on a steep hill above the old historic center of the city. Its strategically favorable and dominant position made it the central part of Šibenik fortification system. The location was more or less continuously occupied since the Iron Age, as is witnessed by numerous archaeological findings from the era.[1] The city of Šibenik was first mentioned on Christmas Day of 1066 in a charter signed by King Petar Krešimir IV and verified by his courtiers. It is widely considered that the signing took place at St. Michael's Fortress.[2]
St. Michael's Fortress was named after the oldest church in Šibenik, St. Michael's church, which was located inside its walls.[3] One theory suggests that the church was built during the first wave of Christianization of Croatia, from the late 8th to the early 9th century.[4] The first source that mentions St. Michael's church is a 12th/13th century hagiographic text Vita beati Ioannis episcopi et confessoris Traguriensis.[5] During the Venetian rule, an unflattering name castel vecchio (old castle) was commonly used.[6] The miraculous image of Madonna of the Castle, highly revered by the citizens of Šibenik, was originally kept inside St. Michael's church.[7] In 1663, the church, along with a large part of the fortress, was destroyed when a lightning strike caused an explosion of a gunpowder magazine.[8] During the renovation, a statue of St. Anne (the protector from storms) was brought to a small 16th-century church located below the southeastern walls of the fortress.[9] This church came to be known as St. Anne's church, and the surrounding area became the city graveyard in 1828.[10] As the centuries passed, and the fortress got permanently closed as a military facility, the citizens of Šibenik began calling it St. Anne's Fortress, after the often-used public area nearby.
The importance of the fortress is evident not only in its favorable geographical position, but also in numerous archaeological findings, ranging from the Iron Age to 20th century. Throughout history, the fortress has been destroyed and rebuilt several times. Most of the fortress' structures can be dated to the early years of Venetian occupation, the early 15th century, but its numerous adaptations and interventions can be traced to mid-16th, early and mid-17th, mid-18th, and even early 19th centuries.[11] As is typical for military architecture, St. Michael's Fortress contains only a few stylistically distinctive parts, for instance, the Gothic arch above the main entrance gate. The walls of the fortress are decorated with several coats of arms belonging to the city rectors or fortress' castellans that carried out certain construction works. Access to water, a key requirement of military life, was enabled via two cisterns that have been preserved to this day.[12] Other supporting structures, such as barracks, storage rooms and other facilities, have not been preserved. The fortress consists of several elements: a castle/citadel, the northern and southern faussebraye, a lower western platform (place-of-arms), and the extending double walls that descend to the sea and were used for retreat or for providing supplies for the soldiers. At the end of the 11th century, Šibenik was referred to as a castrum.[13] An 1116 report on the military campaign of Venetian Doge Ordelafo Faliero stated that the Doge had destroyed this impregnable fort.[14] During the High Middle Ages, the Archangel Michael became the dominant iconographic symbol of the Šibenik commune.[15] In 1378, Venetian admiral Vettore Pisani failed to take over the fortress, succeeding however in conquering and setting fire to the rest of the city and its archives.[16] In 1412, after a three-year siege, the city of Šibenik fell under the rule of the Venetian Republic and remained its part for a little less than four hundred years. Under the terms of the peace treaty, the fortress was to be demolished, but after only a year or two, the citizens asked their new government to fund its renovation.[17] The double walls (strada del soccorso) were formed in the first decades of Venetian rule to ensure the safety of Venetian garrison.[18] During the long rule of the republic, the city's fortification system was reinforced with additional objects, Barone Fortress, St. John's Fortress and St. Nicholas' Fortress. St. Michael's fortress was badly damaged in two explosions in 1663 and 1752, and due to its lesser importance in the city defense, it has never been fully rebuilt. The last interventions were made by the Austrian army in 1832.[19] A signal station on the southeastern tower was constructed in 1911 to direct naval traffic through St. Anthony's Channel.[20]
Eric Clarks Travel Videos - Sibenik Croatia - Saint Nicholas Fortress / Tvrđava Sv. Nikole
Eric Clarks Travel Videos - Sibenik Croatia - Saint Nicholas Fortress / Tvrđava Sv. Nikole
From Wikipedia
St. Nicholas' Fortress (Croatian: Tvrđava Sv. Nikole) is a fortress located in the town of Šibenik, one of the oldest native Croatian towns on the eastern shores of the Adriatic, in central Dalmatia, Croatia.
It was included in UNESCO's World Heritage Site list as part of Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da mar in 2017.[1]
Tourists are currently not allowed to enter the fortress, but only explore it from outside. The reason is that the fortress is currently being reconstructed. The reconstruction should be finished till the end of 2018.[2]
The town of Šibenik has a fortification system consisting of four fortresses:
St. Nicholas' Fortress (Tvrđava Sv. Nikole)
St. Michael's Fortress (Tvrđava Sv. Mihovila)
St. John's Fortress (Tvrđava Sv. Ivana)
Barone Fortress (Tvrđava Barone)
Only St. Nicholas' Fortress is at sea, at the entrance to the Šibenik port, and the remaining three are on land.
St. Nicholas' Fortress was built on the left side at the entrance to St. Anthony Channel (kanal sv. Ante), on the island called Ljuljevac. The island is situated at the entrance to the Šibenik channel across the Jadrija beach lighthouse. St. Nicholas' Fortress got its name from the Benedictine Monastery of St. Nicholas, which was originally on the island, but due to the construction of the fortress, it had to be demolished. At the request of domestic Croat population of Šibenik, the Venetian captain Alojzije de Canal decided to build a fort on the island of Ljuljevac on 30 April 1525. The fortress was designed and built by the famous Venetian architect and builder Hyeronimus di San Michaela. It was built by in the 16th century to prevent Turkish boats from reaching the port. St. Nicholas' Fortress was armed with 32 cannons. However, its imposing appearance and size were a bigger threat to the enemy than cannons ever were.
The fortress is one of the most valuable and best preserved examples of defense architecture in Dalmatia. It is made of brick because that material was considered to be most resistant to cannonballs, while the foundations are made of stone. Although defense capabilities of the fortress have never been tested in military operations, the structure still proved successful in protecting the city from sea-bound enemy attacks. During the centuries of use, the structure served to various armies and has undergone a number of renovations, some of them necessary only because of the development of arms. It was completely abandoned by the military in 1979 and has been undergoing renovation ever since.
Grand opening of St. Michael's Fortress in Šibenik, Croatia 2014
St. Michael's fortress was built on a steep hill 60m above sea level, overlooking the estuary of the Krka river. The medieval fortress is the hearth of a town which was mentioned for the first time in 1066. That year the Croatian king Petar Krešimir IV spent some time in Šibenik.
On the fortress you can see that it was constructed between the 13th and 18th century but most of it dates back from the 15th/16th century. Archeological excavations inside the complex of St Michael's fortress revealed many prehistorical and medieval cultural remains. St. Michael's Fortress Revitalization Project , financed by the EU pre-accession programme IPACIIIC - BRI, was finalized in 2014. It includes the renovation of the fortress and the construction of a summer stage with 1077 seats. This makes the fortress a recognizable monument of the cultural heritage. It is accessible to the visitors and it promotes cultural tourism by organizing different cultural, musical and stage events.
More information:
Director, Camera&DoP: Tomislav Krnić
Producer: Danijel Pek, Antitalent produkcija
Editor: Tomislav Josipović
Camera Operators: Darko Mihalić&Saša Tufegdžić
Fortresses of Šibenik - St Michael, Šibenik, Croatia
Tvrđava sv. Nikole - Šibenik | St Nichola's Fortress - Sibenik, Croatia
Tvrđava sv. Nikole - svjetska kulturna baština | St Nichola's Fortress - a World Heritage Site
St. John's Fortress Kotor Montenegro
Barone Fortress in Šibenik, Croatia
Barone Fortress is a recognizable monument of cultural heritage in the city of Šibenik and a unique tourist attraction, which combines the past, present and the future by displaying the circumstances of a vital historical event through modern technology, and promoting at the same time the celebrated Mediterranean diet and lifestyle.
Sibenik of Croatia-UNESCO-St.Nicholas fortress-UNESCO Burg in Sibenik Kroatien
Festung St. Nikolaus (Tvrđava sv. Nikola), Entwurf vom venezianischen Ingenieur Michiele Sammichelle, erbaut im 16. Jahrhundert am Eingang zum Antonius-Kanal (Sv. Ante) zur Verteidigung der Stadt von der Meerseite, auch zu Fuß erreichbar über die Promenade Sv. Ante.
Barone fort (Šibenik)
The Barone Fortress is located near St. John’s fortress. It was built in 1646 and the citizens named it the Baron...
See more about this on:
Nedaleko poznate tvrđave sv. Ivana, nalazi se tvrđava Šubićevac. Sagrađena je 1646. godine, a prvotno je bila poznata...
Pogledajte više na:
Eric Clarks Travel Videos - Sibenik Croatia - Fortress Barone. Mountain top Fortress from 1600s.
Eric Clarks Travel Videos - Sibenik Croatia - Fortress Barone. Mountain top Fortress from 1600s.
From Wikipedia
Jump to search
Barone Fortress (lower right) in 2016
The Barone Fortress (also known as Šubićevac Fortress; Croatian: Tvrđava Barone or Tvrđava Šubićevac) in Šibenik, Croatia, is an early modern fortress constructed in 1646 on Vidakuša hill above the city.[1] Together with the remaining three city fortresses, it is a part of the Šibenik fortification system. It played a significant role in city's defense from the Ottomans during the Cretan War.[2] For a long time, it carried the name of its main defender, Baron Christoph von Degenfeld. At the start of the 20th century, along with the surrounding neighborhood, it was renamed Šubićevac, after the medieval patrician family Šubić.[3]
ince at least the mid-16th century, the city rectors and envoys had been stressing the need for the construction of fortification objects on the hills north of the city, because the city walls and St. Michael's Fortress had not been built to endure any prolonged artillery attack.[4] The pleas were constantly rejected by the Venetian senate due to lack of funds. In the spring of 1646, one year after the Cretan War broke out between the Venetians and the Ottomans, the Bosnian pasha began to amass a large army for the attack on Dalmatia.[5] At the same time, a German nobleman in Venetian service, Baron Christoph Martin von Degenfeld, took over the defense of the city, and a Genoese military engineer, Father Antonio Leni, arrived in Šibenik and made sketches for the necessary improvement of the city's defense.[6] When the people of Šibenik renewed their request for protection, the Venetians denied them the funds once again, but the citizens were not explicitly forbidden from building the fortification by themselves.[7] Upon hearing that, they took the matter into their own hands – the construction of both Barone Fortress and the adjacent St. John's Fortress began on 1 August 1646, and both fortresses were successfully built in only 58 days.[8] The first Ottoman siege in October 1646 was fended off after just seven days.[9] The fortresses were strengthened over the following winter and prepared for the next attack. On 17 August 1647, the Ottoman commander, Techieli-pasha, arrived in Šibenik with the largest invading army in Dalmatia since the Roman era – 25,000 soldiers and heavy artillery. After a ferocious one-month siege, the enemy withdrew with great losses in both manpower and equipment.[10] Turkish invaders were forced to retreat to the interior, towards Drniš, and never managed to conquer Šibenik.[11]
Originally, Barone Fortress looked somewhat different from what does today, as it was probably hurriedly built in the dry-stone technique.[12] Thirteen years later, in 1659, the Venetian provveditore Antonio Bernardo initialized the construction work that transformed the fortress into an object measuring up to the standards of contemporary military architecture.[13] Shaped as an irregular star, the fortress resisted enemy cannons thanks to the bastions reinforced with mounds. The northern part of the fortress (hornwork) has two demi-bastions connected by a curtain wall. That was the position of the defense artillery. The southern part was used for barracks and magazines. After the Ottoman threat had passed, the fortress was maintained poorly, and the original objects have decayed or been torn down with time. In the early 20th century, the City of Šibenik purchased and then renamed the fortress and its surrounding area.
Barone Fortress was revitalized through an EU-funded project worth €1.38 million, and re-opened in January 2016.[14] Like the renovated St. Michael's Fortress in 2014, Barone Fortress also won the national Cultural Attraction of the Year Award in 2016.[15] It now offers its visitors a digital tour through Šibenik's past, via an augmented reality platform and other multimedia features.[16]
Top Sights in Sibenik Croatia
►Discord????:
►Subscribe Help me hit 20k
►Patreon???? buy me a coffee:
►You can also find me on Twitter:
#Šibenik (Croatian pronunciation: [ʃîbeniːk] (About this soundlisten); Italian: Sebenico) is a historic city in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea. Šibenik is a political, educational, transport, industrial and tourist center of Šibenik-Knin County and also the third-largest city in the historic region of Dalmatia. It is the oldest native Croatian town on the shores of the sea.
History
Etymology
There are multiple interpretations of how Šibenik was named. In his fifteenth century book De situ Illiriae et civitate Sibenici, Juraj Šižgorić describes the name and location of Šibenik. He attributes the name of the city to it being surrounded by a palisade made of šibe (sticks, singular being šiba).[2] Another interpretation is associated with the forest through the latin toponym Sibinicum, which covered a narrower microregion within Šibenik on and around the area of St. Michael's Fortress.[3]
Early history
Unlike other cities along the Adriatic coast, which were established by Greeks, Illyrians and Romans, Šibenik was founded by Croats.[4] Excavations of the castle of St. Michael, have since proven that the place was inhabited long before the actual arrival of the Croats. It was mentioned for the first time under its present name in 1066 in a Charter of the Croatian King Petar Krešimir IV[4] and, for a period of time, it was a seat of this Croatian King. For that reason, Šibenik is also called Krešimirov grad (Krešimir's city).
Between the 11th and 12th centuries, Šibenik was tossed back and forth among Venice, Byzantium, and Hungary. It was conquered by the Republic of Venice in 1116,[5] who held it until 1124, when they briefly lost it to the Byzantine Empire,[6] and then held it again until 1133 when it was retaken by the Kingdom of Hungary.[7] It would change hands among the aforementioned states several more times until 1180.
The city was given the status of a town in 1167 from Stephen III of Hungary.[8] It received its own diocese in 1298.[4]
In the 14th century, Vlachs were present in the hinterland of Šibenik.
Under Venice and the Habsburgs
The city, like the rest of Dalmatia, initially resisted the Venetian Republic, but it was taken over after a three-year war in 1412.[4] Under Venetian rule, Šibenik became in 1412 the seat of the main customs office and the seat of the salt consumers office with a monopoly on the salt trade in Chioggia and on the whole Adriatic Sea.
In August 1417, Venetian authorities were concerned with the Morlachs and other Slavs from the hinterland, that were a threat to security in Šibenik.[9] The Ottoman Empire started to threaten Šibenik (known as Sebenico), as part of their struggle against Venice, at the end of the 15th century,[5] but they never succeeded in conquering it. In the 16th century, St. Nicholas Fortress was built and, by the 17th century, its fortifications were improved again by the fortresses of St. John (Tanaja) and Šubićevac (Barone).
Early 16th century map of Šibenik by Martino Rota.
The Morlachs started settling Šibenik during the Cretan War (1645–69).[10]
The fall of the Republic of Venice in 1797 brought Sebenico under the authority of the Habsburg Monarchy.[5]
After the Congress of Vienna until 1918, the town was (again) part of the Austrian monarchy (Austria side after the compromise of 1867), head of the district of the same name, one of the 13 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Kingdom of Dalmatia.[11] The Italian name only was used until around 1871.
In 1872, at the time in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, Ante Šupuk became the town's first Croat mayor elected under universal suffrage. He was instrumental in the process of the modernization of the city, and is particularly remembered for the 1895 project to provide street lights powered by the early AC Jaruga Hydroelectric Power Plant. On 28 August 1895, Šibenik became the world's first city with alternating current-powered street lights.[12]
20th century
During World War I, the Austro-Hungarian navy used the port facilities here, and the light cruisers and destroyers which escaped the Allied force after the battle of Cape Rodoni (or Gargano) returned to safety here, where some battleships were based.[13] After the war Šibenik was occupied by the Kingdom of Italy until 12 June 1921. As a result of the Treaty of Rapallo, the Italians gave up their claim to the city and it became a part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. During World War II it was occupied by Italy and Germany. Communist partisans liberated Šibenik on 3 November 1944.
UNESCO - St. Nicholas Fortress - Šibenik
St. Nicholas Fortress (Croatian: Tvrđava Sv. Nikole) is a fortress located in the town of Šibenik, one of the oldest native Croatian towns on the eastern shores of the Adriatic, in central Dalmatia, Croatia.
Utvrda sv. Nikole pomorska je obrambena utvrda smještena na otočiću Ljuljevcu, na ulazu u kanal sv. Ante kraj Šibenika.
Storytelling at Fortress Barone
Presentation of interactive content at Fortress Barone - augmented reality, smart-table multitouch experiences, panoramic booth.
More info: barone.hr/stranice/augmented-reality/12/en.html
Daily tickets: barone.hr/stranice/daily-tickets-fortress-barone-stmichaels-fortress/15/en.html
Lovran, Volosko & Sibenik, Croatia with TravelArt - Fall 2019
Croatia, a beautiful old-world country. Sibenik - St. Michael's, St. John's & Barone Fortresses.
The fort of St. Nicholas (Šibenik)
St. Nicholas’ Fortress is located at the entrance to the St. Anthony Channel. The fortress was built in the 16th century, ...
See more about this on:
Tvrđava sv. Nikole smjestila se na ulazu u kanal sv. Ante. U kanalu sv. Ante se tamo do tada nalazio samostan i crkva...
Pogledajte više na:
Sibenik, Croatia - View From Subicevac Fortress
Sibenik, Croatia - View From Subicevac Fortress
Sibenik Tvrdjava Sv Mihovila
topdestinacije.hr
This video is a part of Top Destinations - Croatian Coast
Music from - audionautix.com
Copyright © Amali Doare 2012, All rights reserved
Use of this video in part or whole is forbidden without written permission from Amali Doare