Statue of Frederick William III of Prussia Koeln GH010399 Maywaylife GoPro Hero 6
The equestrian statue of Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia (1770 – 1840) stands on Cologne’s Heumarkt square. Friedrich Wilhelm III succeeded his father, Friedrich Wilhelm II, to the Prussian throne in 1797. Friedrich Wilhelm III died in June 1840 and was succeeded by his oldest son, Friedrich Wilhelm IV.
The statue was dedicated by representatives of the citizenry of Cologne in September 1878. In October 2009 the equestrian statue was returned to its place on the Heumarkt after lengthy restoration work.
Places to see in ( Cologne - Germany ) Hohenzollern Bridge
Places to see in ( Cologne - Germany ) Hohenzollern Bridge
Of the seven bridges that cross the majestic Rhine river in Cologne, the Hohenzollernbrücke is the most famous thanks in part to its location near the cathedral. It is also the oldest bridge, built between 1907 and 1911. During Roman times the Rhine river formed the northeastern border of the Roman Empire. The width and strong current of the river provided an engineering challenge for the construction of a bridge. This didn't deter the Roman dictator Julius Caesar and between 53 and 55 BC his army built two bridges across the river to facilitate his war against Germanic tribes.
The first bridge that crossed the Rhine in Cologne was built around 310 AD, during the reign of Constantine the Great and connected the city with a newly built military camp across the river in Deutz. The wooden bridge was about 420 meters long. Some of the foundations of this early bridge are on display in the Römisch-Germanisches Museum.
After the fall of the Roman empire it would take another 1500 years before a new bridge was constructed here. In 1822 a wooden pontoon bridge was built at the site of the current Hohenzollernbrücke. The bridge rested on a series of barges and was raised several times a day to allow the passage of boats. In 1855 the pontoon was replaced with the Dombrücke (Cathedral Bridge), the first permanent bridge since Roman times. This bridge, a lattice truss bridge with three spans, opened in 1859. It had two railway tracks and two lanes for car-traffic. Monumental neo-Gothic towers marked the entrances to the bridge.
By the early twentieth century the bridge had become too small to handle the increasing railway traffic and the construction of a new, larger bridge started in 1907. The new bridge, named Hohenzollernbrücke after the Hohenzollern dynasty, was inaugurated in 1911 by emperor Wilhelm II. The bridge had four railway tracks as well as a two lane road and was supported by three monumental iron truss arches. Massive neo-Roman portals with large towers were built on either side of the bridge, decorated with equestrian statues of kings and emperors.
Between 1985 and 1988 the bridge was renovated and widened. It is now a rail bridge with six tracks, and due to its location near the main train station about 1200 trains pass here every day. A pedestrian walkway allows visitors who don't mind the constant rumbling of train traffic to cross the Rhine for a beautiful view of the skyline of Cologne.
On either side of the bridge are two equestrian statues on large pedestals. The statues on the Cologne side of the bridge depict Emperor Frederick III and Emperor William II. Both were created by the Prussian sculptor Louis Tuaillon. On the Deutz side of the bridge are statues of King Frederick William IV, created by Gustav Blaeser, and Emperor William I, created by Friedrich Drake.
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Germany - The Brandenburg Gate
Built in 1791
The Brandenburg Gate is located in the western part of the city center of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz. One block to the north stands the Reichstag building
The Brandenburg Gate is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the (temporarily) successful restoration of order during the early Batavian Revolution. One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
#GermanyTheBrandenburgGate #TheBrandenburgGate #Berlin
BRANDENBURG GATE RATHA YATRA 2016, BERLIN, GERMANY.
HISTORIC RATHA YATRA AT BRANDENBURG GATE, BERLIN, GERMANY - 30TH JULY 2016.
LORD JAGANNATHA - THE LORD OF THE UNIVERSE ON THE STREETS OF BERLIN.
RATHA YATRA IS CELEBRATED ALL OVER THE WORLD, FEATURING HUGE WOODEN CHARIOT(S) PULLED BY HAND IN GRAND PROCESSION.
WE ARE THE TRUE AMBASSADORS OF LOVE AND PEACE ON EARTH.
BERLIN'S HISTORIC RATHA YATRA 2016
Krishna devotees in Berlin held their annual Ratha Yatra on the 30th July 2016, near to Brandenburg Gate. Brandenburg Gate, built in 1791, is one of the best-known landmarks of Germany. Through its existence, it has often been a site for historic events. On July 30 it served as a prestigious backdrop for ISKCON Berlin's annual Ratha Yatra festival. His Holiness Sacinandana Swami of German origin, was so enlivened that ISKCON was allowed to hold Ratha Yatra in such a time-honored place, that he chanted and danced in great ecstasy throughout the whole day. Guests of Honor were, HH Indradyumna Swami, HH Sacinandana Swami, HG Vayasaki Dasa Prabhu, the Samadhi Dance Company
ABOUT THE BRANDENBURGER TOR OR BRANDENBURG GATE OF BERLIN, GERMANY.
The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument which stands among the most important and distinguished attractions in Berlin, and one of the best-known landmarks of Germany. It is built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel. It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz. One block to the north stands the Reichstag building that houses the German parliament (Bundestag). The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, the renowned boulevard of linden trees, which led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs. Although it's a ubiquitous image of Germany, few know of its complex significance as both a landmark and a symbol. Built in the borough of Mitte in the heart of Berlin, the Gate represents more than 200 years of prosperity, turmoil, and peace.
Originally, the monument's designers conceptualized it as a triumphal Friedenstor (or victory arch). Built between 1788 and 1791 at the Prussian Kaiser Wilhelm's discretion, the Gate served as a reminder of the Seven Years' War. The architect who was responsible for the giant arch, Carl Gotthard Langhan, modeled his creation after the Propyläen from the Acropolis of Athens.
It was commissioned by King Frederick William II of Prussia as a sign of peace and built by architect Carl Gotthard Langhans from 1788 to 1791. Having suffered considerable damage in World War II, the Brandenburg Gate was restored from 2000 to 2002 by the Stiftung Denkmalschutz Berlin (Berlin Monument Conservation Foundation).
During the post-war Partition of Germany, the gate was isolated and inaccessible immediately next to the Berlin Wall. The area around the gate was featured most prominently in the media coverage of the tearing down of the wall in 1989, and the subsequent German reunification in 1990.
Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany, but also of European unity and peace.
Equestrian monuments of Germany
Equestrian monuments of Germany, Equestrian statues of Germany, Deutschland, Reiter Denkmal,Reiter Statue, reiterstandbilder, Berlin, Dresden, Munchen, Gannover, Bremen, The Brandenburg Gate, Brandenburger Tor, Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm, King Friedrich II of Prussia, King Friedrich Wilhelm, Saint George and the Dragon, Amazone und Löwenkämpfer, King John in Dresden, Augustus II the Strong, King Ludwig of Bavaria, Prince Maximilian, King Ernest Augustus I of Hanover, Otto von Bismarck, Reiterstandbild Friedrichs des Großen, Kaiser Wilhelm Nationaldenkmal Berlin, Reiterstandbild Friedrichs des Großen, Reiterstandbild Bismarck neben dem Bremer Dom.
Here is Germany
Creator(s): Department of Defense. Department of the Army. Office of the Chief Signal Officer. 9/18/1947-2/28/1964 (Most Recent)
Series: Orientation Films, 1942 - 1949
Record Group 111: Records of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer, 1860 - 1985
Date: 1945
Scope & Content (Historic): Reel 1 shows panoramic views of the Germany countryside, crowds, schools, offices, and factories; dead and living victims of Nazi concentration camps at Rome, Lublin (Poland), and Brussels; articles made of human skin; Kaiser Wilhelm; and a German soldier. Describes the lack of democracy in medieval Germanic states. German troops march during World Wars I and II. The U.S. Declaration of Independence is signed. Reel 2 contrasts the British and French tradition of representative government with the totalitarianism of Germany. Describes Frederick the Great's wars with Austria. Shows portraits of Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, founders of the General Staff. Describes the dictums of Clausewitz, crushing of the 1848 revolt, German emigration to the U.S., and Bismarck's policies. Dramatizes combat during the Franco-Prussian War and the crowning of Wilhelm I. Reel 3 dramatizes the development of German industry, the merchant marine, and the General staff, and dueling in German Universities. German troops cheer Kaiser Wilhelm, parade, and invade Belgium during World War I. Transports carry U.S. troops overseas. Shows U.S. tanks and artillery in action. Ludendorff requests an armistice. Crowds cheer news of peace. Reel 4 shows the Kaiser in exile in Holland and Ludendorff in Sweden. Describes the Treaty of Versailles and the Weimar Republic. Allied occupation forces depart. Describes the establishment of German veterans and athletic clubs. Germany munitions factories are retooled. Gen. Hindenburg becomes President of the Weimar Republic. Reel 5 shows the Weimar parliament in session; German troops parading; Hitler; Nazi riots; and closeups of Goebbels, Rohm, Goring, and Hess. Describes Hitler's rise to power. SS troops parade, books are burned, and Hitler speaks. Reel 6 describes the unconditional surrender of Germany. Shows prisoners and industrial ruins. Contrasts lackadaisical occupation in 1918 with the morecomplete occupation, the trial of war criminals, and denazification processes in 1945.
Contact(s): National Archives at College Park - Motion Pictures (RDSM), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001
Phone: 301-837-3540, Fax: 301-837-3620, Email: mopix@nara.gov
National Archives Identifier: 36077
Local Identifier: 111-OF-11
National Archives Catalog:
Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, a Well-Known Landmark of Germany
The Brandenburg Gate is a former city gate, rebuilt in the late 18th century as a neoclassical triumphal arch, and now one of the most well-known landmarks of Germany. It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstrasse, immediately west of the Pariser Platz. One block to the north stands the Reichstag building. The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, the renowned boulevard of linden trees, which formerly led directly to the city palace of the Prussian monarchs.
It was commissioned by King Frederick William II of Prussia as a sign of peace and built by Carl Gotthard Langhans from 1788 to 1791. During the post-war Partition of Germany, the gate was isolated and inaccessible immediately next to the Berlin Wall, and the area around the gate featured most prominently in the media coverage of the opening of the wall in 1989. Having suffered considerable damage in World War II, the Brandenburg Gate was fully restored from 2000 to 2002 by the Berlin Monument Conservation Foundation.
The Gate's design is based upon the Propylaea, the gateway to the Acropolis in Athens, Greece and is consistent with Berlin's history of architectural classicism. The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history. After the 1806 Prussian defeat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, Napoleon was the first to use the Brandenburg Gate for a triumphal procession. Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany, but also of European unity and peace.
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54mm - Frederick the Great
54mm toy soldiers style figure - Frederick the Great, king of Prussia
Places to see in ( Erfurt - Germany ) Rathaus
Places to see in ( Erfurt - Germany ) Rathaus
The Erfurt City Hall is located at the fish market in Erfurt . The main building was built in neo-gothic style in the 1870s. The origins of the house go back to the 11th century. The town hall, first mentioned in 1275, was the political centerpiece of the municipal self-government of the medieval metropolis from the 13th to the 17th century. By 1706, the building complex reached the dimensions of today's main building.
In 1830, the old Gothic town hall was demolished, the reason being only a minor damage to the roof. In 1833, the Prussian Oberbau director Karl Friedrich Schinkel was horrified by the demolition of the medieval town hall building during a visit to Erfurt. In 1834 there was a draft by him for a new town hall, including the existing, striking tower of 1330. In this, the treasures of the city, money and documents were stored for centuries. The Schinkel draft was not considered. After the provision of financial resources began in 1869, the construction of the new town hall in its present form in the style of Gothic Revival under the architect Theodor Sommer, There had been resistance in the population against the removal of the old tower connected with the new building. In 1875, the first agencies moved in; the official inauguration took place on 2 June 1882.
The town hall has a ballroom, which has been designed by the history painter Johann Peter Theodor Janssen and pictures of Erfurt history and Martin Luther shows. In the banquet hall (until 1920) the Golden Book of the city and a cup of honor were exhibited. The Golden Book was created in 1900 on the occasion of a visit to Erfurt by Emperor Wilhelm II. By the Berlin court goldsmiths Sy and Wagner. It was spent in 1945 by the Red Army as a trophy to Moscow and did not return to Erfurt. The former Golden Book has been replaced by guest books (in red cover).
The richly painted staircases are freely accessible to the public and show works by Eduard Kaempffer from the years 1889/96. In addition to scenes from the Faust - and the Tannhäuser legend also stories of the Count von Gleichen are shown. On the festival hall front of the town hall, on both sides of the town hall balcony, were since November 1876 as emblems of the reestablishment of the German Empire statues of Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa / Red Beard) and Emperor Wilhelm I (Barbablanca / Whitebeard). They had been made by Professor Georg Kugel from Kelheim limestone . The two 2.80 meter high statues under ornate canopies to be overthrown and demolished by their sockets on 4 July 1945, shortly after the invasion of the Red Army in Erfurt.
In the city archives of Erfurt, however, is the minutes of a meeting of the City Council Erfurt of June 6, 1950, in which it says: The figures above the hall entrance to the ballroom are to remove. A representative of Lord Mayor Georg Boock has also signed. For decades, the former locations of emperor statues remained empty. As a donation of the Erfurt Rotary Club, bronze statues of Boniface and Martin Luther will be staged in June and November 2017 .
Three lamp holders by Georg Kugel, which have disappeared, adorned the staircase of the town hall. He also made two gargoyles of zinc, a male figure under the balcony and the Erfurt coat of arms in the decorative gable. From 1933, according to designs by Johannes Klass further extensive additions to the City Hall, along with the construction of a new Sparkasse on the fish market in the style of the New Objectivity .
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Brandenburg Gate, famous landmark of erstwhile East Germany
Visitors at Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany.
The Brandenburg Gate is a former city gate, rebuilt in the late 18th century as a neoclassical triumphal arch, and now one of the most well-known landmarks of Germany.
It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz. One block to the north stands the Reichstag building. The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, the renowned boulevard of linden trees, which formerly led directly to the city palace of the Prussian monarchs.
It was commissioned by King Frederick William II of Prussia as a sign of peace and built by Carl Gotthard Langhans from 1788 to 1791. Having suffered considerable damage in World War II, the Brandenburg Gate was fully restored from 2000 to 2002 by the Stiftung Denkmalschutz Berlin (Berlin Monument Conservation Foundation).
During the post-war Partition of Germany, the gate was isolated and inaccessible immediately next to the Berlin Wall, and the area around the gate featured most prominently in the media coverage of the opening of the wall in 1989.
Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany, but also of European unity and peace.
Source: Wikipedia
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World War II: The Blitz on Berlin - Full Documentary
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In May 1945, after some of the most bitter and destructive fightings of the war, the city of Berlin fell to the allies, Hitler committed suicide and Germany finally surrendered.
This film illustrates the city of Berlin’s battle from the very first air raid by the RAF until its demise in a stimulating analysis of this most agonizing and momentous of all phases of the war.
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Walking at Brandenburg Gate, Berlin
Walking to Brandenburg Gate. The Brandenburg Gate is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the (temporarily) successful restoration of order during the early Batavian Revolution. One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
Filmed in august 2018.
Best Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Germany | Museum Island Destination Spot
Top Tourist Attractions Places To Visit In Germany | Museum Island Destination Spot - Tourism in Germany
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Museum Island (German: Museumsinsel) is the name of the northern half of an island in the Spree river in the central Mitte district of Berlin, Germany, the site of the old city of Cölln.
A first exhibition hall was erected in 1797 at the suggestion of the archaeologist Aloys Hirt.
In 1822, Schinkel designed the plans for the Altes Museum to house the royal Antikensammlung, the arrangement of the collection was overseen by Wilhelm von Humboldt.
The island, originally a residential area, was dedicated to art and science by King Frederick William IV of Prussia in 1841.
Further extended under succeeding Prussian kings, the museum's collections of art and archeology were turned into a public foundation after 1918.
They are today maintained by the Berlin State Museums branch of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation.
It is so called for the complex of internationally significant museums, all part of the Berlin State Museums, that occupy the island's northern part:
The Altes Museum (Old Museum) named as the Königliches Museum when it was built on August 3, 1830, until it was renamed in 1841.
The museum was completed on the orders of Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
The Neues Museum (New Museum) finished in 1859 according to plans by Friedrich August Stüler, a student of Schinkel.
Destroyed in World War II, it was rebuilt under the direction of David Chipperfield for the Egyptian Museum of Berlin and re-opened in 2009.
The Alte Nationalgalerie (Old National Gallery) completed in 1876, also according to designs by Friedrich August Stüler, to host a collection of 19th-century art donated by banker Joachim H. W. Wagener
The Bode Museum on the island's northern tip, opened in 1904 and then called Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum.
It exhibits the sculpture collections and late Antique and Byzantine art.
The Pergamon Museum, constructed in 1930.
It contains multiple reconstructed immense and historically significant buildings such as the Pergamon Altar and the Ishtar Gate of Babylon.
The Humboldt Forum will open in 2019 in the Berlin Palace opposite the Lustgarten park, and will incorporate the Ethnological Museum of Berlin and the Museum of Asian Art;
both are successor institutions of the Ancient Prussian Art Chamber, which was also located in the Berlin Palace and which was established in the mid 16th century.
In 1999, the museum complex was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
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►Best Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Germany | Margravial Opera House Destination Spot - Tourism In Germany:
►Best Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Germany | Marienplatz Destination Spot - Tourism In Germany:
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Cologne
Cologne (English pronunciation: /kəˈloʊn/, German: Köln [kœln] ( ), Colognian: Kölle [ˈkœɫə] ( )) is Germany's fourth-largest city (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich), and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.
Cologne is located on both sides of the Rhine River. The city's famous Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom) is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne. The University of Cologne (Universität zu Köln) is one of Europe's oldest and largest universities.
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Operation Bodysnatch 1945 － The Weirdest Monuments Men Mission
A special pre-Halloween treat is this strange but true story from the dying days of World War II in Europe. It involves the Monuments Men, four very important coffins, a salt mine and a secret operation with the grisly name of 'Bodysnatch'. I'm not going to say more, except watch and enjoy!
Photos: US National Archives, strangehistory.net, Wikicommons
Exploring Romantic Rhine River Valley Germany. The 8 Must-see Places, Castles, Monuments And Sights
Come explore the must-see sights in the Romantic Rhine Valley along the Rhine River, specifically the 67 kilometres between Rudesheim and Koblenz that is the UNESCO World Heritage Site called the Upper Middle Rhine Valley. Lots of castles, fortresses, monuments, quaint towns, incredible scenery and (of course) the Rhine River. We go on a Rhine boat trip which includes the Loreley Rock, and then visit the Niderwald Monument, Oberwesel, Rheinfels and Stolzenfels Castles before calling in at Ehrenbreitstein Fortress and Deutsches Eck.
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Cologne Cathedral
Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom) (Latin: Ecclesia Cathedralis Sanctorum Petri et Mariae, officially Hohe Domkirche St. Petrus, English: High Cathedral of St. Peter) is a Roman Catholic church in Cologne, Germany. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Cologne and the administration of the Archdiocese of Cologne. It is a renowned monument of German Catholicism and Gothic architecture and is a World Heritage Site. It is Germany's most visited landmark, attracting an average of 20,000 people a day.
Construction of Cologne Cathedral commenced in 1248 and was halted in 1473, leaving it unfinished. Work restarted in the 19th century and was completed, to the original plan, in 1880. It is 144.5 metres (474 ft) long, 86.5 m (284 ft) wide and its towers are approximately 157 m (515 ft) tall. The cathedral is the largest Gothic church in Northern Europe and has the second-tallest spires (after Ulm Minster. See info-box below.) Its two huge spires give it the largest façade of any church in the world. The choir has the largest height to width ratio, 3.6:1, of any medieval church.
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Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɛŋəls]; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of Marxist theory, alongside Karl Marx. In 1845 he published The Condition of the Working Class in England, based on personal observations and research. In 1848 he co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx, and later he supported Marx financially to do research and write Das Kapital. After Marx's death, Engels edited the second and third volumes. Additionally, Engels organized Marx's notes on the Theories of Surplus Value and this was later published as the fourth volume of Capital. He has also made important contributions to family economics.
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Berliner Dom (Berlin Cathedral)
Frederick the Great | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Frederick the Great
00:03:18 1 Youth
00:05:43 2 Crown Prince
00:07:39 2.1 Katte affair
00:09:23 2.2 Marriage and War of the Polish Succession
00:12:46 3 Inheritance
00:14:09 4 Reign (1740–1786)
00:15:16 4.1 War of the Austrian Succession
00:21:42 4.2 Seven Years' War
00:27:07 4.3 First Partition of Poland
00:36:20 4.4 War of the Bavarian Succession
00:38:43 4.5 Military theorist
00:45:07 4.6 Modernization of Prussia
00:48:24 4.7 Religious policies
00:51:21 4.8 Architecture
00:52:09 4.9 Picture gallery at Sanssouci
00:53:18 4.10 Music, arts and education
00:58:47 4.11 Environment and agriculture
01:01:16 4.12 Berlin Academy
01:03:05 4.13 Sexuality
01:07:42 4.14 Later years and death
01:10:09 5 Historiography and memory
01:13:56 6 Frederick in popular culture
01:14:06 6.1 Places
01:14:21 6.2 German films
01:16:30 6.3 Other
01:16:59 7 Ancestry
01:17:08 8 Titles, styles, honours and arms
01:17:19 8.1 Titles and styles
01:17:52 8.2 Honours
01:18:10 9 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Frederick II (German: Friedrich; 24 January 1712 – 17 August 1786) was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king. His most significant accomplishments during his reign included his military victories, his reorganization of Prussian armies, his patronage of the arts and the Enlightenment and his final success against great odds in the Seven Years' War. Frederick was the last Hohenzollern monarch titled King in Prussia and declared himself King of Prussia after achieving sovereignty over most historically Prussian lands in 1772. Prussia had greatly increased its territories and became a leading military power in Europe under his rule. He became known as Frederick the Great (Friedrich der Große) and was nicknamed Der Alte Fritz (The Old Fritz) by the Prussian people and eventually the rest of Germany.In his youth, Frederick was more interested in music and philosophy than the art of war. Nonetheless, upon ascending to the Prussian throne he attacked Austria and claimed Silesia during the Silesian Wars, winning military acclaim for himself and Prussia. Toward the end of his reign, Frederick physically connected most of his realm by acquiring Polish territories in the First Partition of Poland. He was an influential military theorist whose analysis emerged from his extensive personal battlefield experience and covered issues of strategy, tactics, mobility and logistics.
Considering himself the first servant of the state, Frederick was a proponent of enlightened absolutism. He modernized the Prussian bureaucracy and civil service and pursued religious policies throughout his realm that ranged from tolerance to segregation. He reformed the judicial system and made it possible for men not of noble stock to become judges and senior bureaucrats. Frederick also encouraged immigrants of various nationalities and faiths to come to Prussia, although he enacted oppressive measures against Polish Catholic subjects in West Prussia. Frederick supported arts and philosophers he favored as well as allowing complete freedom of the press and literature. Frederick is buried at his favorite residence, Sanssouci in Potsdam. Because he died childless, Frederick was succeeded by his nephew, Frederick William II, son of his brother, Augustus William.
Nearly all 19th-century German historians made Frederick into a romantic model of a glorified warrior, praising his leadership, administrative efficiency, devotion to duty and success in building up Prussia to a great power in Europe. Historian Leopold von Ranke was unstinting in his praise of Frederick's heroic life, inspired by great ideas, filled with feats of arms ... immortalized by the raising of the Prussian state to the rank of a power. Johann Gustav Droysen was even more extolling. Frederick remained an admired historical figure through the German Empire's defeat in World War I. The Nazis glorified him as a great German leader pre-figuring Adolf ...