Rhodes - Convent - Travel Doc
The island of Rhodes is shaped like a spearhead, 79.7 km (49.5 mi) long and 38 km (24 mi) wide, with a total area of approximately 1,400 square kilometres (541 sq mi) and a coastline of approximately 220 km (137 mi). The city of Rhodes is located at the northern tip of the island, as well as the site of the ancient and modern commercial harbours. The main air gateway (Diagoras International Airport, IATA code: RHO) is located 14 km (9 mi) to the southwest of the city in Paradisi. The road network radiates from the city along the east and west coasts.
Civilization Lost
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Naples and Pompeii
Rick Steves' Europe Travel Guide | In gritty Naples, we go shopping Neapolitan style, dodge scooters in Naples' crazy traffic, explore the city's vibrant neighborhoods, admire exquisite ancient mosaics at the National Museum of Archaeology, taste pizza in its birthplace, climb the lip of Mount Vesuvius, and wander the amazing ruins of the Roman town it destroyed: Pompeii. © 2006 Rick Steves' Europe
7 Biggest Unsolved Mysteries of All Time You Need Know
I will tell you details about the story....
The world is full of mysteries. Some drive us to discover more about the world, just as archaeologists search for the roots of human civilization. Others perplex us, much like the piece of modern machinery discovered among ancient bones. Still, others inspire us to believe in the impossible, whether the ingenuity of humankind or the guidance of the divine. No matter what you believe, learning about these mysteries can provide inspiration and insight into the nature of our world.
The following unsolved cases demonstrate not only the impossible beauty of the planet and human creativity but also the importance of pausing to recognize both.
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7 BIGGEST UNSOLVED MYSTERIES OF ALL TIME YOU NEED KNOW.
1. Stonehenge
Built in several stages, Stonehenge began about 5,000 years ago as a simple earthwork enclosure where prehistoric people buried their cremated dead. The stone circle was erected in the centre of the monument in the late Neolithic period, around 2500 BC...
2. The Bimini Road
According to Greek legend, the city of Atlantis sunk into the ocean in one single day, wiping its existence off the earth 11,000 years ago. Since that time, scientists, treasure hunters and philosophers have searched endlessly to find even a trace of the lost world, said to be partially intact somewhere below the ocean waves...
3. Aluminum Wedge of Aiud
The Aluminum Wedge of Aiud is a wedge-shaped object found two kilometers east of Aiud, Romania, on the banks of the Mures River in 1974. The object was reported to be unearthed 35 feet under sand and alongside two mastodon bones....
4. The Piri Reis Map
Piri Reis was an Ottoman Kaptan-i Derya, geographer and cartographer born between 1465 and 1470 and died in 1554 or 1555. He is primarily known today for his maps and charts collected in his Kitab-i Bahriye (Book of Navigation), a book which contains detailed information on navigation as well as very accurate for its time charts describing the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea....
5. The Voynich Manuscript
The Voynich Manuscript has been dubbed The Most Mysterious Manuscript in the World. It is considered a Manuscript codex and dates to the early 15th century (1404-1438), possibly created in northern Italy. It is named after the book dealer Wilfrid Voynich, who purchased it in 1912. Some pages are missing...
6. The Nazca Lines
Stretching across the Nazca plains like a giant map or blueprint left by ancient astronauts, lie the famous Nazca Lines of Peru. Peru is associated with the Inca Civilization....
7. The Shroud of Turin
Despite decades of intense scrutiny, the Holy Shroud remains an unsolved mystery. This rectangular linen cloth measures 14 feet 5 inches by 3 feet 7 inches, and it bears the imprint of a bearded adult male with hands over his groin....
Music: Kevin MacLeod
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Kerkyra | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kerkyra
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Corfu or Kerkyra (; Greek: Κέρκυρα, translit. Kérkyra, [ˈcercira]; Ancient Greek: Κόρκυρα, translit. Kórkyra, [kórkyra]; Latin: Corcyra; Italian: Corfù) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the second largest of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the northwesternmost part of Greece. The island is part of the Corfu regional unit, and is administered as a single municipality, which also includes the smaller islands of Ereikoussa, Mathraki and Othonoi. The municipality has an area of 610,9 km2, the island proper 592,8 km2. The principal city of the island and seat of the municipality (pop. 32,095) is also named Corfu. Corfu is home to the Ionian University.
The island is bound up with the history of Greece from the beginnings of Greek mythology. Its history is full of battles and conquests. Ancient Korkyra took part in the Battle of Sybota which was a catalyst for the Peloponnesian War, and, according to Thucydides, the largest naval battle between Greek city states until that time. Thucydides also reports that Korkyra was one of the three great naval powers of fifth century BC Greece, along with Athens and Corinth. Medieval castles punctuating strategic locations across the island are a legacy of struggles in the Middle Ages against invasions by pirates and the Ottomans. Two of these castles enclose its capital, which is the only city in Greece to be surrounded in such a way. As a result, Corfu's capital has been officially declared a Kastropolis (castle city) by the Greek government. From medieval times and into the 17th century, the island, having successfully repulsed the Ottomans during several sieges, was recognised as a bulwark of the European States against the Ottoman Empire and became one of the most fortified places in Europe. The fortifications of the island were used by the Venetians to defend against Ottoman intrusion into the Adriatic. Corfu eventually fell under British rule following the Napoleonic Wars. Corfu was eventually ceded by the British Empire along with the remaining islands of the United States of the Ionian Islands, and unification with modern Greece was concluded in 1864 under the Treaty of London.
In 2007, the city's old quarter was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List, following a recommendation by ICOMOS.Corfu is a very popular tourist destination. The island was the location of the 1994 European Union summit.
Corfu | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:25 1 Name
00:04:28 2 Geography
00:06:59 2.1 Diapontia islands
00:07:24 2.2 Lazaretto Island
00:08:39 2.3 Flora
00:09:29 2.4 Fauna
00:09:44 2.4.1 Birds
00:10:13 2.4.2 Mammals
00:11:24 2.4.3 Amphibians and reptiles
00:12:57 2.5 Climate
00:13:13 3 History
00:13:21 3.1 Early history
00:18:39 3.2 Roman and medieval history
00:23:14 3.3 Venetian rule
00:28:12 3.3.1 Venetian policies and legacy
00:31:28 3.4 19th century
00:33:23 3.4.1 British Lord High Commissioners during the protectorate
00:35:26 3.5 First World War
00:36:18 3.6 Interwar period
00:36:39 3.7 Second World War
00:36:48 3.7.1 Italian occupation and resistance
00:38:15 3.7.2 German bombing and occupation
00:40:02 3.7.3 Liberation
00:40:51 3.8 Post–World War and modern Corfu
00:42:03 4 Architecture
00:42:11 4.1 Venetian influence
00:43:55 4.2 The Achilleion
00:46:37 4.3 Kaiser's Bridge
00:47:43 5 Urban landscape
00:47:52 5.1 Old town
00:49:12 5.2 Ano and Kato Plateia and the music pavilion
00:50:22 5.3 Palaia Anaktora and its gardens
00:52:16 5.4 Churches
00:52:54 5.5 Pontikonisi
00:53:35 6 Archaeology
00:53:44 6.1 Palaiopolis
00:54:36 6.2 Kardaki Temple
00:55:45 6.3 Temple of Artemis
00:57:44 6.4 Temple of Hera
00:58:58 6.5 Tomb of Menecrates
01:00:22 6.6 Other archaeological sites
01:00:46 7 Castles
01:01:11 7.1 Palaio Frourio
01:02:17 7.2 Neo Frourio
01:03:08 7.3 Angelokastro
01:05:08 7.4 Gardiki Castle
01:06:02 7.5 Kassiopi Castle
01:07:31 8 Municipality
01:07:52 8.1 Province
01:08:15 9 Education
01:08:24 9.1 Ionian Academy
01:09:04 9.2 Ionian University
01:09:42 9.3 Student activism
01:10:33 10 Culture
01:11:15 10.1 Museums and libraries
01:14:41 10.2 Patron Saint Spyridon
01:16:44 10.3 Music
01:16:52 10.3.1 Musical history
01:18:11 10.3.2 The three Philharmonics
01:19:44 10.3.3 Ionian University music department
01:20:21 10.4 Theatres and operatic tradition
01:20:30 10.4.1 Teatro di San Giacomo
01:22:16 10.4.2 Municipal Theatre of Corfu
01:23:20 10.5 Festivities
01:23:28 10.5.1 Easter
01:26:05 10.5.2 Ta Karnavalia
01:26:48 11 Cultural depictions
01:26:57 11.1 Corfu in myth
01:27:40 11.2 Corfu in literature
01:28:55 11.3 Corfu in film
01:32:00 11.4 Corfu in popular culture
01:32:31 12 Tourism
01:34:03 13 Transport
01:36:29 14 Economy
01:38:22 15 International relations
01:38:39 16 Notable people
01:38:48 16.1 Ancient
01:39:17 16.2 Modern
01:39:25 17 Gallery
01:39:33 18 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9643311909682891
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Corfu (, also US: ) or Kerkyra (Greek: Κέρκυρα, romanized: Kérkyra, pronounced [ˈcercira] (listen); Ancient Greek: Κόρκυρα, romanized: Kórkyra, pronounced [kórkyra]; Medieval Greek: Κορυφώ, romanized: Koryfó; Latin: Corcyra) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the second largest of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The island is part of the Corfu regional unit, and is administered as a single municipality, which also includes the smaller islands of Ereikoussa, Mathraki and Othonoi. The municipality has an area of 610,9 km2, the island proper 592,8 km2. The principal city of the island and seat of the municipality (pop. 32,095) is also named Corfu. Corfu is home to the Ionian University.
The island is bound up with the history of Greece from the beginnings of Greek mythology. Its history is full of battles and conquests. Ancient Korkyra took part in the Battle of Sybota which was a catalyst for the Peloponnesian War, and, according to Thucydides, the largest naval battle between Greek city states until that time. Thucydides also reports that Korkyra was one of the three great naval powers of fifth century BC Greece, along with Athens and Corinth. Ruins of ancient Greek temples and other archaeological sites of the ancient ...
Aristotle | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Aristotle
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Aristotle (; Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs, pronounced [aristotélɛːs]; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece. Along with Plato, he is considered the Father of Western Philosophy. Aristotle provided a complex and harmonious synthesis of the various existing philosophies prior to him, including those of Socrates and Plato, and it was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its fundamental intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be central to the contemporary philosophical discussion.
Little is known about his life. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics and government – and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC. Teaching Alexander gave Aristotle many opportunities. He established a library in the Lyceum which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books, which were papyrus scrolls. The fact that Aristotle was a pupil of Plato contributed to his former views of Platonism, but, following Plato's death, Aristotle immersed himself in empirical studies and shifted from Platonism to empiricism. He believed all concepts and knowledge were ultimately based on perception. Aristotle's views on natural sciences represent the groundwork underlying many of his works.
Aristotle's views on physical science profoundly shaped medieval scholarship. Their influence extended from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages into the Renaissance, and were not replaced systematically until the Enlightenment and theories such as classical mechanics. Some of Aristotle's zoological observations, such as on the hectocotyl (reproductive) arm of the octopus, were disbelieved until the 19th century. His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, studied by medieval scholars such as Peter Abelard and John Buridan. Aristotelianism profoundly influenced Islamic thought during the Middle Ages, as well as Christian theology, especially the Neoplatonism of the Early Church and the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. Aristotle was revered among medieval Muslim scholars as The First Teacher. His ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics.
All aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the object of academic study. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication. Aristotle has been depicted by major artists including Raphael and Rembrandt. Early Modern theories including William Harvey's circulation of the blood and Galileo Galilei's kinematics were developed in reaction to Aristotle's. In the 19th century, George Boole gave Aristotle's logic a mathematical foundation with his system of algebraic logic. In the 20th century, Martin Heidegger created a new interpretation of Aristotle's political philosophy, but elsewhere Aristotle was widely criticised, even ridiculed by thinkers such as the philosopher Bertrand Russell and the biologist Peter Medawar. More recently, Aristotle has again been taken seriously, such as in the thinking of Ayn Rand and Alasdair MacIntyre, while Armand Mari ...
List of natural history museums | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:34 1 Africa
00:00:42 1.1 Algeria
00:00:56 1.2 Angola
00:01:12 1.3 Botswana
00:01:24 1.4 Canary Islands
00:01:44 1.5 Egypt
00:02:00 1.6 Ethiopia
00:02:14 1.7 Kenya
00:02:28 1.8 Mozambique
00:02:41 1.9 Namibia
00:02:56 1.10 South Africa
00:03:58 1.11 Sudan
00:04:10 1.12 Tanzania
00:04:24 1.13 Tunisia
00:04:36 1.14 Uganda
00:05:04 1.15 Zimbabwe
00:05:17 2 Asia
00:05:26 2.1 China
00:06:38 2.2 India
00:07:26 2.3 Indonesia
00:07:39 2.4 Iran
00:08:23 2.5 Iraq
00:08:35 2.6 Israel
00:09:03 2.7 Japan
00:11:35 2.8 Jordan
00:11:46 2.9 Kyrgyzstan
00:11:59 2.10 Malaysia
00:12:14 2.11 Mongolia
00:12:32 2.12 Oman
00:12:44 2.13 Pakistan
00:12:56 2.14 Philippines
00:13:16 2.15 Qatar
00:13:28 2.16 Singapore
00:13:42 2.17 South Korea
00:14:04 2.18 Taiwan
00:14:34 2.19 Thailand
00:17:35 2.20 United Arab Emirates
00:17:48 2.21 Uzbekistan
00:18:00 2.22 Vietnam
00:18:16 3 Central America
00:18:25 3.1 Belize
00:18:38 3.2 Costa Rica
00:19:16 3.3 Dominican Republic
00:19:37 3.4 Grenada
00:19:48 3.5 Guatemala
00:20:19 3.6 Honduras
00:20:31 3.7 Nicaragua
00:21:26 3.8 Panama
00:22:24 4 Europe
00:22:33 4.1 Albania
00:22:45 4.2 Armenia
00:23:00 4.3 Austria
00:24:49 4.4 Azerbaijan
00:25:12 4.5 Belarus
00:25:29 4.6 Belgium
00:25:46 4.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina
00:26:00 4.8 Bulgaria
00:26:50 4.9 Croatia
00:27:50 4.10 Czech Republic
00:28:09 4.11 Denmark
00:28:35 4.12 Estonia
00:28:52 4.13 Finland
00:29:23 4.14 France
00:31:21 4.15 Georgia
00:31:44 4.16 Germany
00:35:08 4.17 Greece
00:35:45 4.18 Greenland
00:35:57 4.19 Hungary
00:37:14 4.20 Iceland
00:37:27 4.21 Ireland
00:37:52 4.22 Italy
00:40:51 4.23 Latvia
00:41:03 4.24 Liechtenstein
00:41:15 4.25 Lithuania
00:41:32 4.26 Luxembourg
00:41:45 4.27 Macedonia
00:41:58 4.28 Malta
00:42:11 4.29 Moldova
00:42:24 4.30 Monaco
00:42:36 4.31 Montenegro
00:42:50 4.32 The Netherlands
00:43:58 4.33 Norway
00:44:27 4.34 Poland
00:45:00 4.35 Portugal
00:46:21 4.36 Romania
00:49:15 4.37 Russia
00:50:21 4.38 Serbia
00:50:43 4.39 Slovenia
00:50:58 4.40 Slovakia
00:51:14 4.41 Spain
00:52:53 4.42 Sweden
00:53:55 4.43 Switzerland
00:54:57 4.44 Turkey
00:55:17 4.45 Ukraine
00:56:09 4.46 United Kingdom
00:56:18 4.46.1 England
00:57:49 4.46.2 Scotland
00:58:23 4.46.3 Wales
00:58:37 4.46.4 Northern Ireland
00:58:48 5 North America
00:58:57 5.1 Bermuda
00:59:10 5.2 Canada
00:59:18 5.2.1 Alberta
00:59:41 5.2.2 British Columbia
01:00:11 5.2.3 Manitoba
01:00:51 5.2.4 New Brunswick
01:01:02 5.2.5 Newfoundland
01:01:17 5.2.6 Nova Scotia
01:01:34 5.2.7 Ontario
01:02:04 5.2.8 Quebec
01:02:43 5.2.9 Saskatchewan
01:03:13 5.2.10 Yukon
01:03:30 5.3 Mexico
01:04:34 5.4 United States
01:04:43 6 Oceania
01:04:52 6.1 Australia
01:07:01 6.2 Indonesia
01:08:29 6.3 New Zealand
01:09:02 7 South America
01:09:11 7.1 Argentina
01:13:12 7.2 Bolivia
01:13:41 7.3 Brazil
01:15:04 7.4 Chile
01:15:29 7.5 Colombia
01:16:06 7.6 Ecuador
01:16:20 7.7 Guyana
01:16:32 7.8 Paraguay
01:16:45 7.9 Peru
01:17:04 7.10 Trinidad and Tobago
01:17:21 7.11 Uruguay
01:17:40 7.12 Venezuela
01:18:49 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8679619797762602
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
This is a list of natural history museums, also known as museums of natural history, i.e. museums whose exhibits focus on the subject of natural history, including such topics as animals, plants, ecosystems, geology, paleontology, and climatology.
Some museums feature natural-history collections in addition to other collections, such as ones related to history, art and science. In addition, nature centers often include natural-history exhibits.
Crete | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:03 1 Name
00:02:01 2 Physical geography
00:02:24 2.1 Island morphology
00:03:26 2.2 Mountains and valleys
00:04:46 2.3 Gorges, rivers and lakes
00:05:48 2.4 Surrounding islands
00:07:08 2.5 Climate
00:08:50 3 Geography
00:09:15 3.1 Administration
00:10:14 3.2 Cities
00:11:03 3.3 Economy
00:12:32 3.4 Transport infrastructure
00:13:43 3.5 Development
00:14:57 4 History
00:15:53 4.1 Prehistoric Crete
00:16:33 4.2 Minoan civilization
00:17:10 4.3 Mycenean civilization
00:17:42 4.4 Archaic and Classical period
00:19:28 4.5 Roman rule
00:20:20 4.6 Byzantine Empire – first period
00:21:19 4.7 Arab rule
00:22:08 4.8 Byzantine Empire – second period
00:23:17 4.9 Venetian rule
00:25:05 4.10 Ottoman rule
00:29:21 4.11 Cretan State 1898–1908
00:31:40 4.12 Second World War
00:32:39 5 Tourism
00:34:19 5.1 Transportation
00:34:45 5.2 Holiday homes and immigration
00:35:28 5.3 Archaeological sites and museums
00:36:20 6 Fauna and flora
00:36:29 6.1 Fauna
00:37:44 6.1.1 Prehistoric fauna
00:38:02 6.1.2 Mammals
00:39:00 6.1.3 Birds
00:39:45 6.1.4 Reptiles and amphibians
00:41:05 6.1.5 Arthropods
00:41:43 6.1.6 Crustaceans and molluscs
00:42:04 6.1.7 Sealife
00:43:33 6.2 Flora
00:44:31 6.3 Environmentally protected areas
00:45:24 7 Mythology
00:47:12 8 Culture
00:49:17 8.1 Sports
00:50:00 9 Notable people
00:55:36 10 See also
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Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Crete (Greek: Κρήτη, Kríti ['kriti]; Ancient Greek: Κρήτη, Krḗtē) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica. Crete and a number of surrounding islands and islets constitute the region of Crete (Greek: Περιφέρεια Κρήτης), one of the 13 top-level administrative units of Greece. The capital and the largest city is Heraklion. As of 2011, the region had a population of 623,065.
Crete forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece, while retaining its own local cultural traits (such as its own poetry and music). It was once the centre of the Minoan civilisation (c. 2700–1420 BC), which is the earliest known civilisation in Europe. The palace of Knossos lies in Crete.
Avignon | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Avignon
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Avignon (French pronunciation: [aviɲɔ̃]; Latin: Avenio; Provençal: Avignoun, Occitan: Avinhon pronounced [aviˈɲun]) is a commune in south-eastern France in the department of Vaucluse on the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 90,194 inhabitants of the city (as of 2011), about 12,000 live in the ancient town centre enclosed by its medieval ramparts.
Between 1309 and 1377, during the Avignon Papacy, seven successive popes resided in Avignon and in 1348 Pope Clement VI bought the town from Joanna I of Naples. Papal control persisted until 1791 when, during the French Revolution, it became part of France. The town is now the capital of the Vaucluse department and one of the few French cities to have preserved its ramparts.
The historic centre, which includes the Palais des Papes, the cathedral, and the Pont d'Avignon, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. The medieval monuments and the annual Festival d'Avignon have helped to make the town a major centre for tourism.
John Ruskin | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John Ruskin
00:02:23 1 Early life (1819–1846)
00:02:35 1.1 Genealogy
00:04:04 1.2 Childhood and education
00:05:47 1.3 Travel
00:07:39 1.4 First publications of Ruskin
00:08:55 1.5 Oxford
00:11:16 1.6 iModern Painters I/i (1843)
00:14:04 1.7 1845 tour and iModern Painters II/i (1846)
00:16:16 2 Middle life (1847–1869)
00:16:28 2.1 Marriage to Effie Gray
00:17:52 2.2 Architecture
00:18:49 2.3 iThe Stones of Venice/i
00:21:30 2.4 The Pre-Raphaelites
00:26:20 2.5 Ruskin and education
00:28:31 2.6 iModern Painters III/i and iIV/i
00:29:24 2.7 Public lecturer
00:31:08 2.8 Turner Bequest
00:32:18 2.9 Religious unconversion
00:33:22 2.10 Social critic and reformer: iUnto This Last/i
00:39:51 2.11 Lectures in the 1860s
00:41:44 3 Later life (1869–1900)
00:41:56 3.1 Oxford's first Slade Professor of Fine Art
00:45:16 3.2 iFors Clavigera/i and the Whistler libel case
00:46:52 3.3 The Guild of St George
00:50:10 3.4 Rose La Touche
00:52:00 3.5 Travel guides
00:53:19 3.6 Return to belief
00:54:18 3.7 Final writings
00:56:10 3.8 Brantwood
00:58:45 3.9 Personal appearance
00:59:51 4 Legacy
01:00:00 4.1 International
01:01:36 4.2 Art, architecture and literature
01:02:41 4.3 Craft and conservation
01:03:11 4.4 Society and education
01:05:00 4.5 Politics and economics
01:06:01 4.6 Ruskin in the 21st-century
01:08:58 5 Theory and criticism
01:10:17 5.1 Art and design criticism
01:16:46 5.2 Historic preservation
01:18:21 5.3 Social theory
01:20:22 6 Controversies
01:20:31 6.1 Turner's erotic drawings
01:21:13 6.2 Sexuality
01:25:49 6.3 Common law of business balance
01:28:02 7 Definitions
01:30:25 8 Fictional portrayals
01:34:49 9 Paintings
01:34:58 10 Select bibliography
01:35:32 10.1 Works by Ruskin
01:44:23 10.2 Selected diaries and letters
01:45:53 10.3 Selected editions of Ruskin still in print
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
John Ruskin (8 February 1819 – 20 January 1900) was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era, as well as an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and political economy.
His writing styles and literary forms were equally varied. He penned essays and treatises, poetry and lectures, travel guides and manuals, letters and even a fairy tale. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, and architectural structures and ornamentation.
The elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art gave way in time to plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. In all of his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society.
He was hugely influential in the latter half of the 19th century and up to the First World War. After a period of relative decline, his reputation has steadily improved since the 1960s with the publication of numerous academic studies of his work. Today, his ideas and concerns are widely recognised as having anticipated interest in environmentalism, sustainability and craft.
Ruskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of Modern Painters (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. M. W. Turner in which he argued that the principal role of the artist is truth to nature. From the 1850s, he championed the Pre-Raphaelites who were influenced by his ideas. His work increasingly focused on social and political issues. Unto This Last (1860, 1862) marked the shift in emphasis. In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. In 1871, he began his monthly letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain, published under the title Fors Clavigera (1871–1884). In the course of this complex and deeply personal work, he developed the principles underlying his ideal society. As a result, he founded the Guild ...
Avignon | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:15 1 Toponymy
00:02:32 2 History
00:02:41 3 Geography
00:03:47 3.1 Geology and terrain
00:05:20 3.2 Hydrography
00:07:11 3.2.1 Artificial diversions
00:09:04 3.3 Seismicity
00:10:28 3.4 Climate
00:12:08 3.4.1 The mistral
00:13:01 4 Demographics
00:13:54 5 Administration
00:14:42 5.1 List of Mayors
00:14:57 5.2 Twinning
00:15:40 5.3 Evolution of the borders of the commune
00:16:11 5.4 Area and population
00:16:33 6 Economy
00:18:02 6.1 Areas of economic activity
00:19:17 6.2 Tourism
00:20:29 6.3 Agriculture
00:20:49 6.4 Industry
00:21:08 6.5 Public sector (excluding government)
00:21:36 6.6 Employment
00:22:32 7 Transport
00:22:41 7.1 Roads
00:24:08 7.2 Railways
00:24:53 7.3 Airports
00:25:17 7.4 Water transport
00:25:50 7.5 Public transport
00:26:23 7.6 Bicycles
00:26:46 8 Cultural heritage
00:32:25 8.1 Religious historical objects
00:32:51 8.2 Picture gallery
00:33:01 9 Culture
00:33:10 9.1 Avignon Festival
00:33:59 9.2 The International Congress Centre
00:34:29 9.3 Sur le Pont d'Avignon
00:35:43 10 Sport
00:36:26 11 Nuclear pollution
00:37:14 12 Education
00:37:43 12.1 University of Avignon
00:37:53 12.1.1 University before the Revolution
00:40:11 12.1.2 Modern university
00:41:30 13 Notable people
00:43:34 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.950571061876418
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Avignon (UK: , US: , French: [aviɲɔ̃] (listen); Provençal: Avinhon (Classical norm) or Avignoun (Mistralian norm) [aviˈɲun]; Latin: Avenio) is a commune in south-eastern France in the department of Vaucluse on the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 90,194 inhabitants of the city (as of 2011), about 12,000 live in the ancient town centre enclosed by its medieval ramparts.
Between 1309 and 1377, during the Avignon Papacy, seven successive popes resided in Avignon and in 1348 Pope Clement VI bought the town from Joanna I of Naples. Papal control persisted until 1791 when, during the French Revolution, it became part of France. The town is now the capital of the Vaucluse department and one of the few French cities to have preserved its ramparts.
The historic centre, which includes the Palais des Papes, the cathedral, and the Pont d'Avignon, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. The medieval monuments and the annual Festival d'Avignon have helped to make the town a major centre for tourism.
History of science fiction | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:35 1 Early science fiction
00:01:45 1.1 Ancient and early modern precursors
00:08:28 1.2 iOne Thousand and One Nights/i
00:11:03 1.3 Other medieval literature
00:16:30 1.4 Proto-science fiction in the Enlightenment and Age of Reason
00:20:39 2 19th-century transitions
00:20:50 2.1 Shelley and Europe in the early 19th century
00:25:15 2.2 Verne and Wells
00:27:18 2.3 Late 19th-century expansion
00:28:55 2.4 American proto-science fiction in the late 19th century
00:35:29 3 Early 20th century
00:37:29 3.1 Birth of the pulps
00:40:04 3.2 Modernist writing
00:44:41 3.3 Science fiction's impact on the public
00:46:43 4 The Golden Age
00:47:01 4.1 iAstounding/i Magazine
00:49:28 4.2 The Golden Age in other media
00:51:07 4.3 End of the Golden Age
00:52:08 5 The New Wave and its aftermath
00:52:19 5.1 Mainstream publishers
00:54:59 5.2 Precursors to the New Wave
00:56:39 5.3 The New Wave
01:01:38 6 Science fiction in the 1980s
01:01:49 6.1 Cyberpunk
01:03:45 7 Contemporary science fiction and its future
01:06:54 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Speaking Rate: 0.7738508602160878
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The literary genre of science fiction is diverse, and its exact definition remains a contested question among both scholars and devotees. This lack of consensus is reflected in debates about the genre's history, particularly over determining its exact origins. There are two broad camps of thought, one that identifies the genre's roots in early fantastical works such as the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh (earliest Sumerian text versions c. 2150–2000 BCE). A second approach argues that science fiction only became possible sometime between the 17th and early 19th centuries, following the scientific revolution and major discoveries in astronomy, physics, and mathematics.
Question of deeper origins aside, science fiction developed and boomed in the 20th century, as the deep integration of science and inventions into daily life encouraged a greater interest in literature that explores the relationship between technology, society, and the individual. Scholar Robert Scholes calls the history of science fiction the history of humanity's changing attitudes toward space and time ... the history of our growing understanding of the universe and the position of our species in that universe. In recent decades, the genre has diversified and become firmly established as a major influence on global culture and thought.
Aristotle | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Aristotle
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Aristotle (; Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs, pronounced [aristotélɛːs]; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece. Along with Plato, he is considered the Father of Western Philosophy. Aristotle provided a complex and harmonious synthesis of the various existing philosophies prior to him, including those of Socrates and Plato, and it was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its fundamental intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be central to the contemporary philosophical discussion.
Little is known about his life. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics and government – and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC. Teaching Alexander gave Aristotle many opportunities. He established a library in the Lyceum which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books, which were papyrus scrolls. The fact that Aristotle was a pupil of Plato contributed to his former views of Platonism, but, following Plato's death, Aristotle immersed himself in empirical studies and shifted from Platonism to empiricism. He believed all concepts and knowledge were ultimately based on perception. Aristotle's views on natural sciences represent the groundwork underlying many of his works.
Aristotle's views on physical science profoundly shaped medieval scholarship. Their influence extended from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages into the Renaissance, and were not replaced systematically until the Enlightenment and theories such as classical mechanics. Some of Aristotle's zoological observations, such as on the hectocotyl (reproductive) arm of the octopus, were disbelieved until the 19th century. His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, studied by medieval scholars such as Peter Abelard and John Buridan. Aristotelianism profoundly influenced Islamic thought during the Middle Ages, as well as Christian theology, especially the Neoplatonism of the Early Church and the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. Aristotle was revered among medieval Muslim scholars as The First Teacher. His ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics.
All aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the object of academic study. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication. Aristotle has been depicted by major artists including Raphael and Rembrandt. Early Modern theories including William Harvey's circulation of the blood and Galileo Galilei's kinematics were developed in reaction to Aristotle's. In the 19th century, George Boole gave Aristotle's logic a mathematical foundation with his system of algebraic logic. In the 20th century, Martin Heidegger created a new interpretation of Aristotle's political philosophy, but elsewhere Aristotle was widely criticised, even ridiculed by thinkers such as the philosopher Bertrand Russell and the biologist Peter Medawar. More recently, Aristotle has again been taken seriously, such as in the thinking of Ayn Rand and Alasdair MacIntyre, while Armand Mari ...