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1755 Lisbon earthquake
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, also known as the Great Lisbon Earthquake, occurred in the Kingdom of Portugal on Saturday, 1 November 1755, the holiday of All Saints' Day, at around 09:40 local time. In combination with subsequent fires and a tsunami (maremoto in Portuguese), the earthquake almost totally destroyed Lisbon and adjoining areas. Seismologists today estimate the Lisbon earthquake had a magnitude in the range 8.5–9.0 on the moment magnitude scale, with its epicentre in the Atlantic Ocean about 200 km (120 mi) west-southwest of Cape St. Vincent. Estimates place the death toll in Lisbon alone between 10,000 and 100,000 people, making it one of the deadliest earthquakes in history.
The earthquake accentuated political tensions in the Kingdom of Portugal and profoundly disrupted the country's colonial ambitions. The event was widely discussed and dwelt upon by European Enlightenment philosophers, and inspired major developments in theodicy and in the philosophy of the sublime. As the first earthquake studied scientifically for its effects over a large area, it led to the birth of modern seismology and earthquake engineering.
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The French and Indian War - Assassin's Creed: Real History
In this sixteenth episode of “Assassin’s Creed: Real History” we break down the North American theater of the Seven Years' War, also referred to as the French and Indian War, as it was covered in Assassin's Creed III and Rogue.
If you have any topic requests for a future video, in which you would like me to research the real history and compare it to the game’s representation, please leave me a comment!
Assassin's Creed Real History Playlist:
English subtitles are available for this video.
-Topic Choice-
I chose to re-explore this topic and go more in-depth with the development of the war in this latest episode of my sub-series covering the time periods from the franchise. In addition, my intention was also to highlight how much the French and Indian War influenced individuals and events within the scope of the later American Revolutionary War.
-Disclaimer-
I am an amateur historian. History is not my official field of study, but rather a passion. This series acts as my hobby and as a way to share with you the real history behind characters, groups, events and locations that are depicted in the Assassin’s Creed video game series. Although I work hard to be as detail-oriented as possible, I am clearly not without fault and therefore welcome you to let me know whether you feel I have missed anything important or have misrepresented something in my video.
-References-
Anderson, F. (2006). The war that made America: a short history of the French and Indian War. New York: Penguin Books.
Cave, A. A. (2004). The French and Indian war. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Fowler, W. M. (2006). Empires at war the French and Indian War and the struggle for North America, 1754 - 1763. New York, NY: Walker.
Hannings, B. (2011). The French and Indian War: a complete chronology. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Company.
James, A. P. (1959). The Ohio Company: its inner history. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Nester, W. R. (2000). The first global war: Britain, France, and the fate of North America, 1756-1775. Westport (Conn.): Praeger.
Parkman, F. (2005). Montcalm and Wolfe: the French and Indian War. New York: Barnes & Noble.
Smolinski, D. (2003). Battles of the french and indian war. Heinemann Raintree.
A View of the Taking of Quebec (1797) by: Hervey Smyth
Distribution of His Majesty’s Forces in North America (1766) by: Daniel Paterson
Francis de Gaston, Chevalier de Levis (1888) by: Unknown Artist
General Sir James Abercrombie (1759) by: Allan Ramsay
Portrait of Jeffrey Amherst (1765) by: Joshua Reynolds
Portrait of John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun (1747) by: Allan Ramsay
Portrait of Louis-Joseph de Montcalm (1865) by: Theophile Hamel
-Credits-
Commentary/Editing (Robius):
Intro Music (Akmigone):
Yann Martel | Feb 2, 2016 | Appel Salon
The internationally bestselling author Yann Martel and Man Booker Prize winner of Life of Pi on his new novel The High Mountains of Portugal. With freelance journalist Tina Srebotnjak.
Hymns of Wisdom: The Ismaili Ginans of South Asia - Ali Asani
Ali Asani, professor of Indo-Muslim and Islamic Religion and Cultures at Harvard University, introduces the ginans, hymns of wisdom of the South Asia’s Ismaili communities, and their most important themes, including their ritual and performative contexts and the manner these have been impacted by a variety of political, social, and religious influences in colonial and postcolonial South Asia. Filmed October 23, 2017
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Immigration and the “Problem of Acclimatization” in Nineteenth-Century Rio
Drawing from mid nineteenth-century newspaper crônicas and medical pamphlets on European immigrants’ uncertain acclimatization in miasmatic (toxic) Rio’s inner city, Sonia Roncador's talk challenges these immigrants’ “unconditional whiteness,” and ultimately proposes to revise the paradigm of whitening framing discourses of immigration in Brazil.
British Amphibious Descents (1757-61) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:08 1 Summary
00:08:34 2 Nomenclature
00:10:40 3 Background
00:10:49 3.1 In Europe
00:19:39 3.2 In North America
00:23:18 4 Strategies
00:26:51 5 Europe
00:28:10 5.1 1756
00:32:55 5.2 1757
00:42:32 5.3 1758
00:46:53 5.4 1759–60
00:51:30 5.5 1761–62
00:57:28 5.6 1763
01:01:11 5.7 British amphibious descents
01:04:48 6 Colonies
01:06:00 6.1 North America
01:14:44 6.2 South America
01:16:28 6.3 India
01:17:49 6.4 West Africa
01:18:32 7 Outcome
01:32:32 8 Cultural references
01:36:13 9 See also
01:36:50 10 Footnotes
01:37:25 11 Bibliography
01:37:34 11.1 Other languages
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.7764478608575605
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved every European great power of the time and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. The conflict split Europe into two coalitions, led by the Kingdom of Great Britain (including the Kingdom of Prussia, the Kingdom of Portugal, the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and other small German states) on one side and the Kingdom of France (including the Austrian-led Holy Roman Empire), the Russian Empire (until 1762), the Kingdom of Spain, and the Swedish Empire on the other. Meanwhile, in India, some regional polities within the increasingly fragmented Mughal Empire, with the support of the French, tried to crush a British attempt to conquer Bengal. The war's extent has led some historians to describe it as World War Zero, similar in scale to other world wars.Although Anglo-French skirmishes over their American colonies had begun with what became the French and Indian War in 1754, the large-scale conflict that drew in most of the European powers was centered on Austria's desire to recover Silesia from the Prussians. Seeing the opportunity to curtail Britain's and Prussia's ever-growing might, France and Austria put aside their ancient rivalry to form a grand coalition of their own, bringing most of the other European powers to their side. Faced with this sudden turn of events, Britain aligned itself with Prussia, in a series of political manoeuvres known as the Diplomatic Revolution. However, French efforts ended in failure when the Anglo-Prussian coalition prevailed, and Britain's rise as among the world's predominant powers destroyed France's supremacy in Europe, thus altering the European balance of power.
Margaret R. Bennett interviewed by Ieda Siqueira Wiarda
RBRLOHD-006. January 30, 2006. Margaret Bennett interviewed by Dr. Ieda Siqueira Wiarda.
UGA Political Science Professor Dr. Ieda Siqueira Wiarda interviews Margaret Bennett about her life in the diplomatic corps and as the wife of Foreign Service Officer and U. S. Ambassador William Tapley Bennett, Jr. Bennett discusses her experiences coming to America, growing up as the daughter of Foreign Service workers, and becoming an ambassador's wife. She reflects on meeting famous people such as Queen Elizabeth and Prince Phillip. Bennett recalls living in Greece, Lisbon, Austria, Australia, Italy, the Dominican Republic, Turkey, Mozambique, Angola, Portugal, Spain, the United States, and Panama. Bennett also discusses her husband's work with the United Nations, the University of Georgia, as well as their time at NATO.
This video is from the Oral History Documentary Collection at the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries.
For more information see:
Company rule in Rhodesia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:55 1 Origins
00:04:04 1.1 Rhodes's dream
00:05:55 1.2 North to the Zambezi; territorial rivalry with Portugal
00:09:09 2 Territorial expansion and consolidation
00:09:21 2.1 Pioneer Column
00:15:21 2.2 Eastern skirmishes with Portugal
00:17:18 2.3 North to Katanga
00:21:31 2.4 Matabele Wars; the First iChimurenga/i
00:27:53 3 Administration
00:28:02 3.1 The name Rhodesia
00:29:29 3.2 Administrative divisions and centres
00:30:46 3.3 Administrative posts, politics and legislature
00:32:18 4 Development
00:32:28 4.1 Railways and the telegraph
00:35:00 4.2 Agriculture and land distribution: the rise of Rhodesian tobacco
00:38:18 4.3 Immigration and economic performance
00:41:34 5 Military and police
00:41:44 5.1 Evolution of the Southern Rhodesian police
00:47:18 5.2 Policing north of the Zambezi
00:50:22 5.3 Rhodesian military involvement abroad
00:50:33 5.3.1 Second Boer War (1899–1902)
00:52:02 5.3.2 World War I (1914–18)
00:55:39 6 End of Company rule
00:55:49 6.1 1922 Southern Rhodesian government referendum
00:59:01 6.2 Self-government vs. direct rule
01:00:50 7 See also
01:01:02 8 Notes and references
01:01:25 9 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7635109788977867
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The British South Africa Company's administration of what became Rhodesia was chartered in 1889 by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, and began with the Pioneer Column's march north-east to Mashonaland in 1890. Empowered by its charter to acquire, govern and develop the area north of the Transvaal in southern Africa, the Company, headed by Cecil Rhodes, raised its own armed forces and carved out a huge bloc of territory through treaties, concessions and occasional military action, most prominently overcoming the Matabele army in the First and Second Matabele Wars of the 1890s. By the turn of the century, Rhodes's Company held a vast, land-locked country, bisected by the Zambezi river. It officially named this land Rhodesia in 1895, and ran it until the early 1920s.
The area south of the Zambezi became Southern Rhodesia, while that to the north became North-Western and North-Eastern Rhodesia, which were joined in 1911 to form Northern Rhodesia. Within Northern Rhodesia, there was a separate Kingdom called Barotseland which later became a British protectorate alongside other territories under the British sphere of influence. Each territory was administered separately, with an administrator heading each territorial legislature. In Southern Rhodesia, which attracted the most white immigrants and developed fastest, a legislative council was established in 1898. This comprised a blend of Company-nominated officials and elected members, with the numbers of each fluctuating over time.
Partially motivated by Rhodes's dream of a Cape to Cairo Railway, railway and telegraph lines were laid across previously barren Rhodesia with great speed, linking South Africa to the Belgian Congo's southern Katanga province by 1910. The British South Africa Police, responsible for law enforcement in Southern Rhodesia, was established in 1896. A number of police forces north of the river amalgamated to form the Northern Rhodesia Police in 1911. Northern and Southern Rhodesians fought alongside the British in the Second Boer War and the First World War; about 40% of Southern Rhodesian white men fought in the latter, mostly on the Western Front in Europe. Black soldiers served in East Africa with the Rhodesia Native Regiment.
As the number of elected members in the Legislative Council rose, power in Southern Rhodesia gradually transferred from complete Company rule to effective self-government by the growing number of white settlers. In a 1922 referendum, Southern Rhodesians chose responsible government within the British Empire over incorporation in ...
Rhodesia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Rhodesia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Rhodesia (, ) was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the de facto successor state to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia, which had been self-governing since achieving responsible government in 1923. A landlocked nation, Rhodesia was bordered by South Africa to the south, Bechuanaland (later Botswana) to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique (a Portuguese province until 1975) to the east.
In the late 19th century, the territory north of the Transvaal was chartered to the British South Africa Company, led by Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes and his Pioneer Column marched north in 1890, acquiring a huge bloc of territory that the Company would rule until the early 1920s. In 1923, the Company's charter was revoked, and Southern Rhodesia attained self-government and established a legislature. Between 1953 and 1963, Southern Rhodesia was joined with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
The decolonisation of Africa in the early 1960s alarmed a significant proportion of Rhodesia's white population. In an effort to delay the transition to black majority rule, Rhodesia's predominantly white government issued its own Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965. (The government of the United Kingdom supported Rhodesia's transition to a multi-racial democracy.) The UDI administration initially sought recognition as an autonomous realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, but reconstituted itself as a republic in 1970. The Rhodesian Bush War, which pitted the government against two African nationalist organisations, ZANU and ZAPU, intensified in the 1970s, prompting Rhodesian premier Ian Smith to concede to multiracial democracy in 1978. However, a provisional government subsequently headed by Smith and his moderate colleague Abel Muzorewa failed in appeasing international critics or halting the bloodshed. By December 1979, Muzorewa had replaced Smith as Prime Minister and secured an agreement with the militant nationalists, allowing Rhodesia to briefly revert to colonial status pending elections under a universal franchise. It finally achieved internationally recognised independence in April 1980 as the Republic of Zimbabwe.
Rhodesia's largest cities were its capital, Salisbury, and Bulawayo. The white population, which grew to nearly 300,000, dominated the country's politics and economy, though they never made up more than eight percent of the total population. Rhodesia developed an economy largely dependent on agriculture, manufacturing, and mining. Its largest exports were chrome, tobacco, and steel. International sanctions put increasing pressure on the country as time went on. The Parliament of Rhodesia, which included the lower House of Assembly and later a Senate, was predominantly white, with minority of seats reserved for blacks. After 1970, the country used a semi-presidential system, with a President, Prime Minister, and cabinet.
Rhodesia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Rhodesia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Rhodesia (, ) was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the de facto successor state to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia, which had been self-governing since achieving responsible government in 1923. A landlocked nation, Rhodesia was bordered by South Africa to the south, Bechuanaland (later Botswana) to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique (a Portuguese province until 1975) to the east.
In the late 19th century, the territory north of the Transvaal was chartered to the British South Africa Company, led by Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes and his Pioneer Column marched north in 1890, acquiring a huge bloc of territory that the Company would rule until the early 1920s. In 1923, the Company's charter was revoked, and Southern Rhodesia attained self-government and established a legislature. Between 1953 and 1963, Southern Rhodesia was joined with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
The decolonisation of Africa in the early 1960s alarmed a significant proportion of Rhodesia's white population. In an effort to delay the transition to black majority rule, Rhodesia's predominantly white government issued its own Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965. (The government of the United Kingdom supported Rhodesia's transition to a multi-racial democracy.) The UDI administration initially sought recognition as an autonomous realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, but reconstituted itself as a republic in 1970. The Rhodesian Bush War, which pitted the government against two African nationalist organisations, ZANU and ZAPU, intensified in the 1970s, prompting Rhodesian premier Ian Smith to concede to multiracial democracy in 1978. However, a provisional government subsequently headed by Smith and his moderate colleague Abel Muzorewa failed in appeasing international critics or halting the bloodshed. By December 1979, Muzorewa had replaced Smith as Prime Minister and secured an agreement with the militant nationalists, allowing Rhodesia to briefly revert to colonial status pending elections under a universal franchise. It finally achieved internationally recognised independence in April 1980 as the Republic of Zimbabwe.
Rhodesia's largest cities were its capital, Salisbury, and Bulawayo. The white population, which grew to nearly 300,000, dominated the country's politics and economy, though they never made up more than eight percent of the total population. Rhodesia developed an economy largely dependent on agriculture, manufacturing, and mining. Its largest exports were chrome, tobacco, and steel. International sanctions put increasing pressure on the country as time went on. The Parliament of Rhodesia, which included the lower House of Assembly and later a Senate, was predominantly white, with minority of seats reserved for blacks. After 1970, the country used a semi-presidential system, with a President, Prime Minister, and cabinet.
Sangiovese | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sangiovese
00:01:44 1 History
00:03:59 1.1 Parentage
00:05:23 1.1.1 Relationship with Ciliegiolo
00:06:41 1.2 Clones and offspring
00:08:46 2 Viticulture
00:11:27 3 Winemaking
00:13:30 4 Wine regions
00:15:09 4.1 Italy
00:17:08 4.1.1 Tuscany
00:20:08 4.1.2 Outside Tuscany
00:21:55 4.2 Other Old World wine regions
00:23:01 4.3 United States and Canada
00:25:43 4.4 Other New World regions
00:28:16 5 Wines
00:30:42 6 With food
00:31:42 7 Synonyms
00:33:37 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Sangiovese (; Italian: [sandʒoˈveːze]) is a red Italian wine grape variety that derives its name from the Latin sanguis Jovis, the blood of Jupiter. Though it is the grape of most of central Italy from Romagna down to Lazio (the most widespred grape in Tuscany), Campania and Sicily, outside Italy it is most famous as the only component of Brunello di Montalcino and Rosso di Montalcino and the main component of the blends Chianti, Carmignano, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano and Morellino di Scansano, although it can also be used to make varietal wines such as Sangiovese di Romagna and the modern Super Tuscan wines like Tignanello.Sangiovese was already well known by the 16th century. Recent DNA profiling by José Vouillamoz of the Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’Adige suggests that Sangiovese's ancestors are Ciliegiolo and Calabrese Montenuovo. The former is well known as an ancient variety in Tuscany, the latter is an almost-extinct relic from the Calabria, the toe of Italy. At least fourteen Sangiovese clones exist, of which Brunello is one of the best regarded. An attempt to classify the clones into Sangiovese grosso (including Brunello) and Sangiovese piccolo families has gained little evidential support.Young Sangiovese has fresh fruity flavours of strawberry and a little spiciness, but it readily takes on oaky, even tarry, flavours when aged in barrels. While not as aromatic as other red wine varieties such as Pinot noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Syrah, Sangiovese often has a flavour profile of sour red cherries with earthy aromas and tea leaf notes. Wines made from Sangiovese usually have medium-plus tannins and high acidity.
Seven Years' War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:44 1 Summary
00:07:09 2 Nomenclature
00:08:53 3 Background
00:09:02 3.1 In Europe
00:16:22 3.2 In North America
00:19:26 4 Strategies
00:22:26 5 Europe
00:23:33 5.1 1756
00:27:29 5.2 1757
00:35:29 5.3 1758
00:39:04 5.4 1759–60
00:42:53 5.5 1761–62
00:47:53 5.6 1763
00:50:58 5.7 British amphibious descents
00:53:58 6 Colonies
00:54:59 6.1 North America
01:02:16 6.2 South America
01:03:43 6.3 India
01:04:52 6.4 West Africa
01:05:30 7 Outcome
01:17:07 8 Cultural references
01:20:12 9 See also
01:20:44 10 Footnotes
01:21:14 11 Bibliography
01:21:24 11.1 Other languages
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.952334999371004
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved every European great power of the time and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. The conflict split Europe into two coalitions, led by the Kingdom of Great Britain (including the Kingdom of Prussia, the Kingdom of Portugal, the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and other small German states) on one side and the Kingdom of France (including the Austrian-led Holy Roman Empire), the Russian Empire (until 1762), the Kingdom of Spain, and the Swedish Empire on the other. Meanwhile, in India, some regional polities within the increasingly fragmented Mughal Empire, with the support of the French, tried to crush a British attempt to conquer Bengal. The war's extent has led some historians to describe it as World War Zero, similar in scale to other world wars.Although Anglo-French skirmishes over their American colonies had begun with what became the French and Indian War in 1754, the large-scale conflict that drew in most of the European powers was centered on Austria's desire to recover Silesia from the Prussians. Seeing the opportunity to curtail Britain's and Prussia's ever-growing might, France and Austria put aside their ancient rivalry to form a grand coalition of their own, bringing most of the other European powers to their side. Faced with this sudden turn of events, Britain aligned itself with Prussia, in a series of political manoeuvres known as the Diplomatic Revolution. However, French efforts ended in failure when the Anglo-Prussian coalition prevailed, and Britain's rise as among the world's predominant powers destroyed France's supremacy in Europe, thus altering the European balance of power.
Seven Years' War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Seven Years' War
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved every European great power of the time and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. The conflict split Europe into two coalitions, led by the Kingdom of Great Britain (including Prussia, Portugal, Hanover, and other small German states) on one side and the Kingdom of France (including the Austrian-led Holy Roman Empire, the Russian Empire (until 1762), Bourbon Spain, and Sweden) on the other. Meanwhile, in India, some regional polities within the increasingly fragmented Mughal Empire, with the support of the French, tried to crush a British attempt to conquer Bengal. The war's extent has led some historians to describe it as World War Zero, similar in scale to other world wars.Although Anglo-French skirmishes over their American colonies had begun with what became the French and Indian War in 1754, the large-scale conflict that drew in most of the European powers was centered on Austria's desire to recover Silesia from the Prussians. Seeing the opportunity to curtail Britain's and Prussia's ever-growing might, France and Austria put aside their ancient rivalry to form a grand coalition of their own, bringing most of the other European powers to their side. Faced with this sudden turn of events, Britain aligned itself with Prussia, in a series of political manoeuvres known as the Diplomatic Revolution. However, French efforts ended in failure when the Anglo-Prussian coalition prevailed, and Britain's rise as among the world's predominant powers destroyed France's supremacy in Europe, thus altering the European balance of power.
Seven Years' War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Seven Years' War
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved every European great power of the time and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. The conflict split Europe into two coalitions, led by the Kingdom of Great Britain (including Prussia, Portugal, Hanover, and other small German states) on one side and the Kingdom of France (including the Austrian-led Holy Roman Empire, the Russian Empire (until 1762), Bourbon Spain, and Sweden) on the other. Meanwhile, in India, some regional polities within the increasingly fragmented Mughal Empire, with the support of the French, tried to crush a British attempt to conquer Bengal. The war's extent has led some historians to describe it as World War Zero, similar in scale to other world wars.Although Anglo-French skirmishes over their American colonies had begun with what became the French and Indian War in 1754, the large-scale conflict that drew in most of the European powers was centered on Austria's desire to recover Silesia from the Prussians. Seeing the opportunity to curtail Britain's and Prussia's ever-growing might, France and Austria put aside their ancient rivalry to form a grand coalition of their own, bringing most of the other European powers to their side. Faced with this sudden turn of events, Britain aligned itself with Prussia, in a series of political manoeuvres known as the Diplomatic Revolution. However, French efforts ended in failure when the Anglo-Prussian coalition prevailed, and Britain's rise as among the world's predominant powers destroyed France's supremacy in Europe, thus altering the European balance of power.