Luban Poland established in the 9th century by the located by the kwisa river it has a rich history
Lubań probably is at the site of a small settlement established by the West Slavic Milceni tribe in the 9th and 10th century,[1] whose lands up to the Kwisa River from 927 on were gradually conquered by the German king Henry the Fowler and incorporated into the marca Geronis in 939. In 965 the ill-defined Milceni territory became part of the Imperial Margraviate of Meissen. In 1156 Emperor Frederick Barbarossa vested his ally, the Přemyslid duke Vladislaus II of Bohemia with the territory around Bautzen (Budissin) that later would be called Upper Lusatia.
Like several other city foundings under the rule of the Přemyslid dynasty, Lauban, owing to its favourable location on the historic Via Regia trade route close to the border with the Duchy of Silesia, expanded rapidly in the course of the German Ostsiedlung. In 1220 or 1268 (the second date is more probable) it is documented as a town with Magdeburg rights. Since about 1253 Upper Lusatia temporarily had been under the rule of the Ascanian margraves John I and Otto III of Brandenburg. In 1319 the Silesian Duke Henry I of Jawor occupied the Upper Lusatian lands up to the town of Görlitz including Lauban. He built a new town hall, whose ruins can be seen today (Kramarska Tower). Henry ruled the town for eighteen years, before he finally ceded it to his brother-in-law King John of Bohemia.
The centre of the medieval town was a square marketplace (rynek, German: Ring) with perpendicular streets, leading to four gates: Zgorzelecka/Görlitzer Tor to the west, Bracka/Brüdertor, built in 1318 together with stone curtains by Duke Henry of Jawor, to the south, Mikołajska/Nikolaitor to the east and Nowogrodziecka/Naumburger Tor to the north. The first mayor of the town was Nikolaus Hermann, and Lauban received its own seal.
Under the rule of the Bohemian Crown, Lubań on 10 August 1346 established the Lusatian League, together with the towns of Görlitz (Zgorzelec), Löbau (Lubii), Zittau (Żytawa), Bautzen (Budziszyn) and Kamenz (Kamieniec Łużycki). Twice however, in 1427 and 1431, the Hussites completely demolished the town; it was quickly rebuilt. In its history, the town has repeatedly suffered great fires, which often ruined the whole town. Many inhabitants died as a result of plagues. According to the rules of the 1635 Peace of Prague, the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand II in his capacity as Bohemian king passed the Lusatians with the town of Lauban to the Electorate of Saxony. From 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 to 1763 Lubań was under the rule of Polish kings and Saxon electors Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III of Poland. During Augustus II's rule, the Dom pod Okrętem (House under the Ship) was built.
Following the Napoleonic wars, in 1815 the Lusatian territory around Lubań and Görlitz was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the Vienna Congress and incorporated into the Province of Silesia. In 1865 and 1866 Lubań obtained railway connections with Görlitz and Hirschberg.
Lubań was the site of one of the last Nazi German victories in World War II. After it was taken by the Red Army on 16 February 1945, the Wehrmacht successfully retook the town in a counterattack on 8 March 1945.[2][3][4]
At the end of World War II in 1945, the region east of the Oder-Neisse line became part of Poland following its capture by the Red Army and the decisions of the Potsdam Conference. The German inhabitants who had not already fled ahead of the Soviet army were then expelled westward and Polish settlers took their place and property.
In 1992–2004 the marketplace was renovated. Streets were paved and town houses around the Kramarska Tower were rebuilt.